SU2027A1 - Method for isolation and purification of hydrocarbonic oil sulphonic acids - Google Patents

Description

Under the action of concentrated or fuming sulfuric acid or sulfuric anhydride, petroleum hydrocarbons produce sulfonic acids, which are distributed to the products obtained after sulfonation in the following way: high molecular weight pure sulfonic acids dissolve in oil, and lower molecular weight, contaminated with resin, dissolved in sulfuric acid.

With alkaline refining of an acidic oil, sulfonic acids in the form of soaps are extracted from the distillate. These alkaline refining products are emulsions of high molecular weight sulfonic acids with mineral oils. Alcohol-based alkali refining does not eliminate significant amounts of mineral oil in soaps, and the presence of the latter interferes with the technical use of these products in various applications, for example, for cleaning fabrics.

The author has found that the separation of sulfonic acids from L1, after their sulfonation, can be successfully carried out with acetic acid and its water-soluble esters, for example, acetic methyl ester or monoacetin, and diacetic acid. triacetin. The above compounds, dissolved in sulfonic acids or their salts, promote the release of mineral oil from them. Acetic acid and its esters can be used not only for the extraction of sulfonic acids from acid distillates, but also for the purification of sulfonic acid salts from hydrocarbons and their aqueous solutions in cases when acidic oils are directly refined by alkali, or sulfonic acids are washed away from the oil water To this end, salted or alkali-evaporated garbage or concentrated aqueous extracts from the acidic oil are mixed with acetic acid or ethers, and the oil is liberated when heated; the acetic acid or its volatile esters are removed from sulfonic acids or from their salts by direct evaporation in sealed apparatus.

Example 1. Spindle oil distillate is treated with 5% concentrated sulfuric acid and 10% smoke (oleum) when heated to 70 - 80 ° C. After settling and removing the resinous parts, the oil is stirred with three percent of 75% acetic methyl ester; when heated, the sulphonic acid solution sits on the bottom of the vessel.

Example 2. The acidic oil obtained after treating the salt distillate with smoked sulfuric acid (oleum) is neutralized with an 8% sodium hydroxide solution; after settling, the alkaline solution separated from the oil is salted out 10-; 15 parts of salt; 15% acetic acid is added to the saline salts of sulfonic acids, - and the mixture: is heated to 100 ° C, and mineral oils are released. Oil-free soaps are freed by distillation from acetic acid, which is captured and used for new uses. The sulfonic acids thus obtained and their salts are found.

application in the fat industry in the splitting of fats, the manufacture of special soaps and in the textile industry in various operations of chemical processing of fabrics.

The subject of the patent.

1. A method for isolating and purifying sulfonic hydrocarbon oils by weight, characterized in that their sulphonated oils, or their aqueous or alkaline extracts, are heated with acetic acid.

acid or water-soluble esters thereof, with the aim of separating carbohydrate: native oils mixed with sulfonic acids.

2. Acceptance of the method mentioned in claim 1, characterized in that with acetic acid, the throat extracts of sulfonated hydrocarbon oils that are pre-salted are heated.