SU15299A1 - Method for producing sulphonic acids of hydrocarbon oils - Google Patents

Description

It is well known that under the action of concentrated or smoked sulfuric acid on crude oil or its distillates, sulfonic acids are obtained. In this case, the okolecular sulphonic acids are usually dissolved in oil, and the low molecular weight acids are dissolved in sulfuric acid. The yield of sulfonic acids soluble in the distillate, in addition to the reaction conditions, the chemical strength, the strength of the acid, depends on the concentration of unsaturated hydrocarbons in the oil or its distillates, i.e. capable of reacting with bromine, concentrated sulfuric acid, to produce formalites, etc. On this basis, higher-yielding distillates of oil containing a large amount of unsaturated hydrocarbons should also give a higher yield of the above sulfonic acids. This position is practically verified if sulfonation is carried out with large quantities of sulfuric acid, for example, at least 50 ° / d of distillate weight. If sulfuric acid, 0 / o, is taken, then sulfuric acid first reacts with those hydrocarbons, which, after interaction with it, resinify and transfer to resins (polymerization products).

In the proposed method, the crude oil does not undergo sulfonation, but a solution of crude or stripped oil in saline distillate, whereby favorable conditions are obtained for the formation of high molecular weight sulfonic acids, when sulfonated, soluble in the distillate and remaining after separation of the black acidic resin.

These sulfonic acids, extracted from the sulfonated mixture with aqueous alcohol, possess powerful properties and the ability to accelerate the hydrolysis of glycerides to acids and alcohol, whereas sulfonic acids, obtained in equal conditions from one crude oil, do not possess such properties. When sulfonating a mixture of saline distillate and petroleum, the yield of sulfonic acids with sulfuric acid, for example, is much higher.

Example. 50 hours of crude Balakhan oil, 50 hours of solar distillate of the same oil having beats. at. 0.882. The mixture of oil and distillate is preliminarily freed from hydrocarbons, which give the products of compaction, (resin), but not sulfonic acids. To this end, it is subjected to pretreatment with TO / o. Sulfuric acid at continuous unmixing and heating, or with concentrated sulfuric acid; in some other cases, pre-purification is performed by adsorbing earth, or by pre-action by adsorbing the earth.

For the amounts of the mixture listed in the example, U / p of seric acid beats are needed. in, 1.82 and 2 ° 1o of fuller's earth. After the above pre-treatment with concentrated sulfuric acid and earth or wallpaper; and with reagents, the oil is sulfurized using sulfuric acid, at ordinary temperatures and vigorously stirred with a mechanical stirrer, best of all of a propeller type.

After tumbling, mixing, separating from sulfurous vislota and prolonged settling in a special septic tank or vras; centrifugal, or filtering through a wool or asbestos filter.

sulfonic acids are extracted from acidic oil by known methods, for example, extraction with aqueous alcohols, water, alcohol alkali, etc. Practically for crude oil, such as Balakhani, you need to take at least VO distillate.

The subject of the natent.

The method of producing sulfonic acids of hydrocarbon oils by treating oil fumed with sulfuric acid, characterized in that solutions of crude or stripped oil in saline distillates are used as the starting material.