SU1729307A2 - Method of gully amelioration - Google Patents

Abstract

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: The ameliorative ravine is divided into sections and is flattened out from the top of the ravine to the mouth. Cut off the soil and bring it down into the ravine all the way to the bottom of the opposite slope. Aligned areas alternate in a checkerboard pattern and are placed along the length of the ravine in pairs, separated from the adjacent paired areas by undisturbed areas. 2 yl.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of protecting the soil from erosion and is complementary to the main author. No. 1301330.

The closest to the present invention is a method of reclamation of ravines, including cutting the ground and plunging it into a ravine all the way to the base of the opposite slope in areas alternating between themselves in a checkerboard pattern, with the formation of bottom estuaries in front of adjacent sections of opposite slopes, the subsequent creation protective rampart around the ravine perimeter and afforestation of stretched areas.

The disadvantage of the prototype method in its application, in regions with intense long-term rainfall and significant snow accumulation in winter, is the small capacity of estuaries that absorb atmospheric precipitation. In addition, there is a need to reduce the cost of the method through the reduction of land and silvicultural objects.

works without reducing the erosion efficiency of the method.

The purpose of the invention is to increase efficiency in regions with intense long-term rainfall and large accumulation of snow in the winter period due to an increase in the amount of sediment water retention by bottom limans while reducing the costs of land and silvicultural works.

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed method of reclamation of ravines, the stretched areas along the length of the ravine place in pairs a section of them from the adjacent paired areas to undisturbed areas.

In Fig.1 schematically shows the reclaimed ravine, a top view; in fig. 2 is a section A-A in FIG.

The method is carried out as follows.

The reclaimed ravine is divided in length into sections, for example, 20–40 m long. Drying is carried out from the top of the ravine to the mouth. The first stretch from Versus C

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the tires are left undisturbed, the second 1 is discharged by cutting the soil from one of the ravine slopes up to the stop of the given stub 2 to the base of the opposite slope 3 and reaching the given steepness of the flattened section 1, for example, 15-20 ° C. flatten the opposite slope of the ravine so that the second and third straightened areas, in contact, mutually overlap, forming Liman 4 to trap precipitation in the bottom part of the first (undisturbed) section 5 and the lower part of dix second portion. The fourth section is left undisturbed, and the fifth and sixth are flattened, respectively, as the second and third. The seventh site is left undisturbed again, and so on, up to the mouth of the ravine. As a result, each pair of mutually overlapping flattened areas 1 is separated from other pairs by undisturbed areas 5. Forest and fruit crops are planted in the designated areas, and a protecting shaft 6 is plowed around the perimeter of the ravine.

The method is carried out as follows.

On the slope of the southeastern exposure with a steepness of 4-6 °, two slope ravines of 360 and 380 m in length and a trapezoidal transverse profile up to 8-12 m in depth were developed.

The soils of the plot are heavily washed away underlain by medium loam. The distance between the ravines is up to 60 m.

The first ravine was flattened according to the prototype method, and the second ravine was in accordance with the proposed method. Both gully along the length of the ravine broke into 20-40-meter sections, which on the first gully were flattened out, in a staggered sequence, cutting and crushing the soil of one of the slopes in the ravine to the bottom of the opposite slope. At the same time, a DZ-42 bulldozer was used on a DT-75M tractor, which moved perpendicular to the ravine curb.

The removal of the second ravine was carried out by the same bulldozer. The first section from the summit was left undisturbed, the second was flattened out on the right side, the third left, the fourth left undisturbed. The right side of the slope was flattened at the fifth section, the left section of the sixth was not disturbed, and so on up to the mouth.

The steepness of the stretched parts of both ravines was 15–18 °. Areas of soil slice were loosened with a PPN-40 plow on a DT-75 m tractor, then

they were cultivated with a mounted cultivator KPN-4G and planted the forests with a mounted tree planting machine at the shuttle movements of the aggregates. Were landed

Acacia seedlings of white, Scots pine, Pine, Crimean, Apricot, Black walnut, In Pro, Ailantha, Rose Hip, Bo lush. The best survival rates (by 15–18%) and growth of woody plants (on average by 25–30%) were recorded on the second ravine, laid out according to the proposed technology. This is caused by an increase in the moisture supply of forest areas due to the doubling of the total volume of bottom estuaries.

Bulldozers were built protecting walls around the ravines.

Observations on the runoff of thawed and storm waters from 1988-1990 made it possible to note the following. In the first ravine, laid out according to the method of the prototype, every spring during snowing, and sometimes in summer with strong long rains, as a result of the overflow of bottom estuaries a channel flow formed along the bottom of the ravine, even some soil removal was observed, especially from the mouth of the flattened area, where occurrence

erosion incision. At the same time, in the second ravine, laid out by the proposed method, the bottom flow appeared only once in the spring and was very weak, i.e. almost all the precipitation was absorbed by the soil of the reclaimed ravine and used by woody plants. Due to the increase in the depth of estuaries in undisturbed zones, the increased hydraulic pressure contributed to

an increase in the rate of water absorption by the soil of the gully bottom. This increased the efficiency of the ravine amelioration.

Technical and economic advantages

The proposed method as compared with the prototype is achieved due to the fact that in the prototype all sections are flattened along the length of the ravine, and in the proposed method every third section is left undisturbed.

This adds up to a 30–40% reduction in the volume of earthworks during the run-down.

Since forest and fruit crops are planted only in flattened areas, the remaining area of the ravine is planted for self-afforestation, forest harvesting is reduced by 30-40% (soil preparation, planting of seedlings, amount of planting material, agrotechnical soil care, addition, logging, care and etc.).

Claims (1)

The method of land reclamation of ravines by the author, Ms 1301330, characterized in that. that, in order to increase efficiency in regions with intense long-term showers and large snow accumulation in winter due to an increase in retention of precipitation waters by bottom estuaries while reducing the costs of land and forest cultivation, the flattened areas along the length of the ravine are placed in pairs, separated from the adjacent paired areas by undisturbed areas. FIG. f FIG. 2