RU2019934C1 - Method of snow amelioration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture in regions covered with snow in winter. SUBSTANCE: soil is furrowed in the beginning of snow thawing. Furrows are spaced at 0.5-2.0 m from one another in the South-North direction. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to methods for snow reclamation and protection against erosion by early spring soil water management, can be used for areas with winter snow cover and most effectively for areas with little solar weather conditions.

 A known type of snow reclamation is accelerating snow melting, used to lengthen the growing season, accelerate thawing of the soil. Snow melting is accelerated by strip blackening, loosening, and strip clearing of snow.

 The disadvantage of ways to accelerate the melting of snow is the weathering of snow moisture, the drainage of melt water on the surface of frozen soil in low-lying areas and in water bodies. During strip clearing of snow by slowing down the melting of snow in snowdrifts formed between cleared strips and drying out of the soil in the middle of many-meter cleared strips. In case of strip blackening, the distance between the blackened strips of 10 m or more and multimeter blackened strips, melt water flow down over the surface of the soil that remains frozen under the snow, which contributes to the formation of an ice crust, and in the middle of the multimeter blackened strips, the thawed soil will dry out before.

 Known types of snow reclamation snow retention and snow accumulation, used to protect crops from freezing, reducing the depth of freezing of the soil and accelerating thawing and accumulation of moisture in the soil. Snow retention and snow accumulation are used in forest and forest-steppe zones, especially in areas with low snow cover.

 Snow reclamation snow retention was taken as a prototype.

 The disadvantage of snow retention is that most of the meltwater is not absorbed by frozen soil at the site of snowmelt, forming an ice crust, draining into water bodies and accumulating in low-lying areas, overwetting areas of non-frozen soil along the path of movement.

 More than 10 million hectares of arable land in the Non-Chernozem zone of the USSR is exposed to periodic excessive waterlogging. Waterlogged soil complicates the work of agricultural machinery, which leads to a delay in spring field work and, as a result, to a decrease in crop yields. Stagnant water on the surface of winter crops within 2 days reduces productivity by 10-30%, within 4 days - by 40-70%, and after 7-10 days of stagnation, rye almost completely dies.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of soils in agriculture, to protect soils from erosion by uniformly melting the area of snow cover with simultaneous thawing of the soil more evenly throughout the area, and therefore, with more complete absorption of melt water at the site of snow melting (with early spring snow melting), regardless of topography, increasing the efficiency of snow retention, snow accumulation.

 This goal is achieved in that the early spring water regime of the soils is controlled by furrowing the snow cover before the snowmelt begins, in addition, the proposed method is characterized in that when the snow cover is thick and the slope is not steep, the furrowing is carried out mainly in the south-north direction to ensure warming by the sun and thawing the soil in the furrows at noon and preventing overlapping of the bottom of the furrow by its edge.

 The inventive method of snow reclamation is carried out in the following way.

 Before the beginning of snowmelt, furrowing of the snow cover is made, having a thickness of 10 cm or more, depending on the thickness of the snow cover at a distance of 0.5-2 m. Depending on the thickness of the snow cover and the corresponding furrow cutting, the width of the furrow bottom can be 5-25 cm, with increasing thickness, the width of the bottom of the furrow increases. Furrowing is carried out using, for example, cultivators with dumps increased in height, preventing snow from passing through the top, mounted on a trailed or mounted frame, or other furrows made depending on the thickness of the snow cover. Furrows can be made lightweight, since only snow cover is plowed.

 With a relatively thin layer of snow cover, the distance between the furrows is 0.5 m in order to more than simultaneously thaw the soil over the entire cultivation area and evenly absorb snow moisture. With a large thickness of snow cover in the event of snow accumulation, it is difficult to furrow out the soil with a small distance between the furrows, so the distance between the furrows increases. But even with a large width between the furrows, during the period of snow layer deposition before the formation of melt water on the soil surface between the furrows, the sections of thawed soil of the bottom of the furrows will expand, absorbing the moisture that forms. Greater than the specified distance is not recommended, because in case of intense snowmelt, for example in case of rain, meltwater can drain over the surface of frozen soil between the furrows to lowlands.

 During snow melting, the soil at the bottom of the furrows thaws, which does not have a snow cover absorbing heat better than white snow, absorbing melt water and accelerating soil thawing between the furrows, and snow melting from below is created. Melt water is absorbed by the soil at the place of melting snow, without forming a surface runoff and ice crust, protecting the lowlands from overmoistening. Melt water does not flow down the surface of frozen soil to low-lying areas and to water bodies, accumulating in the soil at the place of snow retention and snow accumulation.

 Using the claimed method of snow melting by snow fouling will allow: to increase the possibilities of more efficient use of snow cover for agriculture, to increase the growing season, to more fully provide soil moisture, eliminating soil erosion and increasing the usefulness of snow retention and snow accumulation by eliminating their shortcomings. And since waterlogged areas are subjected to destructive drainage methods, such as open channels and drainage devices, in many cases, in the spring and summer, the soil suffers from a lack of soil moisture.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD OF SNOW RECYCLING, including strip exposure of the soil surface from snow by creating furrows in the snow cover, characterized in that, in order to increase the efficiency of use of spring moisture by providing intensive snow melting, furrowing on flat areas and watersheds is carried out during the period of snow melting, furrows are carried out at a distance of 0.5 - 2.0 m from one another.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the furrows are carried out mainly in the south-north direction.