SU15721A1 - The method of purification of acids obtained by the oxidation of petroleum and similar hydrocarbon oils - Google Patents

Description

The oxidation of petroleum and similar hydrocarbon oils by blowing oxygen, air or oxidizing oxygen-containing gases through heated oils in the presence of a catalyst produces a mixture of acids. The latter are dissolved in the oxidized oil, and under some conditions some of them may be separated into the bottom of the apparatus in which oxidation occurs.

The resulting acids for their technical use and better use should be divided into soluble and insoluble in gasoline acid. When this acid, soluble in gasoline, freed from hydroxy acids, can be used in the manufacture of soap or soap preparations,

The release of the acids necessary for the manufacture of soap from hydroxy acids by dissolving acids in a large amount of gasoline is expensive and does not always achieve the goal.

The proposed method for purifying the acids obtained by oxidizing petroleum and the like hydrocarbon oils is as follows. The mixture of acids obtained after oxidation of the hydrocarbon

oil by air is subjected to distillation with superheated steam. Sometimes this distillation is better carried out in the presence of natural resins, such as, for example, rosin, dummar, shellac, or artificial resins. Under the action of superheated steam, on the one hand, the hydroxy acids are decomposed into ordinary carboxylic acids and, on the other hand, the formation of the products of their compaction -pars. The presence of natural or phenolic resins accelerates this process. In some cases, a mixture of crude acids obtained by oxidation is rationally pretreated under pressure with water in an autoclave, with or without the presence of the above resins, and then subjected to a distillation under reduced pressure to the mass already treated in the autoclave.

The superheated distillate distillates (acids) obtained by distillation are mixed with 20-25% of gasoline and treated with strong sulfuric acid beats. at. 1.84 or a small amount of fuming acid to remove a small amount of hydroxy acids that remain in the acids after distillation. Then sulfuric acid and acidic sulfuric acid esters

they are washed with chemical reagents or adsorbed by adsorbing substances, and the acids purified in the aforementioned manner are again distilled under strongly reduced pressure, as such, or in the form of ethers of low boiling alcohols.

Example. 100 parts of acids liberated from oil and obtained by the oxidation of brine distillate beats. at. 0.880 at a temperature of 150 ° in the presence of naphthene-cobalt salt is heated in an autoclave at a pressure of 10 atmospheres in the presence of water for 5-6 hours and then distilled under a pressure of 50 M.M. About 75% of the taken acid is distilled to a temperature of 220 °. In the distillation apparatus, high-melting resin remains. The resulting acid, as described above, is mixed with 25% gasoline and purified 2% sulfuric acid beats. at. 1.84 and 1% sulfuric acid containing 20 ° / o SOg. Then it is treated with 5 ° (o) silica gel, filtered, gasoline is distilled off.

and the acids are secondarily distilled. After purification with sulfuric acid, it is possible to ethererate the acids with low-boiling alcohols and distill esters of the acids.

. The subject of the patent.

1. A method of purifying acids obtained by oxidation and the like hydrocarbon oils, characterized in that the mixture of acids is heated in an autoclave at a high temperature in the presence of water or purged with superheated steam, then distilled under reduced pressure and the resulting distillate is treated strong. sulfuric acid or oleum, after which, after removal of sulfuric acid, petroleum acids or the esters derived from them are distilled a second time.

2. Alteration of the method according to claim 1, characterized in that natural or phenolic resins are added to the raw material mixture before the treatment with steam.