SG10201913870RA - Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests - Google Patents
Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pestsInfo
- Publication number
- SG10201913870RA SG10201913870RA SG10201913870RA SG10201913870RA SG10201913870RA SG 10201913870R A SG10201913870R A SG 10201913870RA SG 10201913870R A SG10201913870R A SG 10201913870RA SG 10201913870R A SG10201913870R A SG 10201913870RA SG 10201913870R A SG10201913870R A SG 10201913870RA
- Authority
- SG
- Singapore
- Prior art keywords
- inhibitory
- insecticidal proteins
- novel chimeric
- chimeric insecticidal
- lepidopteran pests
- Prior art date
Links
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 230000000749 insecticidal effect Effects 0.000 title 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 title 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 title 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 title 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N47/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid
- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/50—Isolated enzymes; Isolated proteins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/195—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria
- C07K14/32—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from bacteria from Bacillus (G)
- C07K14/325—Bacillus thuringiensis crystal peptides, i.e. delta-endotoxins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
- C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
- C12N15/82—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for plant cells, e.g. plant artificial chromosomes (PACs)
- C12N15/8241—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology
- C12N15/8261—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield
- C12N15/8271—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance
- C12N15/8279—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance
- C12N15/8286—Phenotypically and genetically modified plants via recombinant DNA technology with agronomic (input) traits, e.g. crop yield for stress resistance, e.g. heavy metal resistance for biotic stress resistance, pathogen resistance, disease resistance for insect resistance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/146—Genetically Modified [GMO] plants, e.g. transgenic plants
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Virology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201462064989P | 2014-10-16 | 2014-10-16 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
SG10201913870RA true SG10201913870RA (en) | 2020-03-30 |
Family
ID=54608929
Family Applications (5)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG10201913879PA SG10201913879PA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG11201702749RA SG11201702749RA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG10201913870RA SG10201913870RA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG10201913859XA SG10201913859XA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG10201913849RA SG10201913849RA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
Family Applications Before (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG10201913879PA SG10201913879PA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG11201702749RA SG11201702749RA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
SG10201913859XA SG10201913859XA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
SG10201913849RA SG10201913849RA (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2015-10-15 | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
Country Status (29)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (8) | US10233217B2 (en) |
EP (5) | EP3715363A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP6626102B2 (en) |
KR (5) | KR102208978B1 (en) |
CN (5) | CN112142858B (en) |
AR (6) | AR103129A1 (en) |
AU (6) | AU2015332384B2 (en) |
BR (4) | BR122020004897B1 (en) |
CA (3) | CA2964776A1 (en) |
CL (5) | CL2017000895A1 (en) |
CO (1) | CO2017004807A2 (en) |
CR (3) | CR20210268A (en) |
CU (5) | CU24541B1 (en) |
EA (5) | EA201892761A1 (en) |
EC (1) | ECSP17029551A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2864657T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL251570B (en) |
MX (5) | MX388283B (en) |
MY (1) | MY181627A (en) |
NI (1) | NI201700044A (en) |
NZ (3) | NZ768153A (en) |
PE (5) | PE20220375A1 (en) |
PH (5) | PH12017500697A1 (en) |
SG (5) | SG10201913879PA (en) |
SV (1) | SV2017005422A (en) |
UA (4) | UA123480C2 (en) |
UY (3) | UY40225A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2016061391A2 (en) |
ZA (6) | ZA201702191B (en) |
Families Citing this family (51)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3080277B1 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2021-03-03 | BASF Agricultural Solutions Seed US LLC | Axmi477 toxin gene and methods for its use |
RU2737538C2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2020-12-01 | Пайонир Хай-Бред Интернэшнл, Инк. | Insecticidal polypeptides with an improved activity spectrum and use thereof |
US10487123B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2019-11-26 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
CR20210268A (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2021-07-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
EA201890066A1 (en) | 2015-06-16 | 2018-06-29 | Пайонир Хай-Бред Интернэшнл, Инк. | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF INSECTS-PERSON CONTROL |
US10036037B2 (en) | 2015-08-18 | 2018-07-31 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Insect inhibitory proteins |
PL3349582T3 (en) | 2015-08-27 | 2022-02-07 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Novel insect inhibitory proteins |
US10572836B2 (en) | 2015-10-15 | 2020-02-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Automatic time interval metadata determination for business intelligence and predictive analytics |
BR112018076047A2 (en) | 2016-06-16 | 2019-03-26 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | silencing element, dna construct, expression cassette, host cell, composition, plant cell, plant or plant part, transgenic seed, method for controlling a plant insect pest and kit |
US20210292778A1 (en) | 2016-07-12 | 2021-09-23 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Compositions and methods to control insect pests |
US11016730B2 (en) | 2016-07-28 | 2021-05-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Transforming a transactional data set to generate forecasting and prediction insights |
MX394777B (en) | 2016-10-21 | 2025-03-24 | Pionner Hi Bred Int Inc | INSECTICIDAL PLANT PROTEINS AND METHODS OF THEIR USE. |
EP3550961A4 (en) | 2016-12-12 | 2020-11-04 | Syngenta Participations AG | MANIPULATED PESTICIDE PROTEINS AND METHODS OF CONTROLLING PLANT PESTURES |
BR112019013710A2 (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2020-03-03 | Syngenta Participations Ag | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR PLANT PEST CONTROL |
US10703782B2 (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2020-07-07 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Pesticidal toxin proteins active against lepidopteran insects |
US20200165626A1 (en) | 2017-10-13 | 2020-05-28 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Virus-induced gene silencing technology for insect control in maize |
CN108148841B (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2020-12-29 | 云南大学 | Application of amino acid sequence in inactivation of insect Dip3 protein |
CN111630061B (en) | 2017-12-19 | 2025-02-18 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Insecticide polypeptide and its use |
CN111867377B (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2023-05-23 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Insecticidal proteins from plants and methods of use thereof |
CA3092078A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Insecticidal proteins from plants and methods for their use |
EP3829286A4 (en) * | 2018-07-30 | 2022-08-24 | Monsanto Technology LLC | TRANSGENIC CORN EVENT MON 95379 AND METHODS OF DETECTING AND USES THEREOF |
CN109198845A (en) * | 2018-08-21 | 2019-01-15 | 广州杰赛科技股份有限公司 | Complete autonomous first face colour drawing device, method, equipment and storage medium |
BR112021003797A2 (en) | 2018-08-29 | 2021-05-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | insecticidal proteins and methods for their use |
CN113179822A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-30 | 先正达生物科技(中国)有限公司 | Control of cotton bollworms |
CN113179823A (en) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-07-30 | 先正达生物科技(中国)有限公司 | Control of black cutworms |
CN111100208A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-05 | 黑龙江大鹏农业有限公司 | Artificially synthesized insect-resistant protein mCry1Ia2, and preparation method and application thereof |
WO2022125639A1 (en) | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Modified plant-associated bacteria and methods of their use |
US11825850B2 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2023-11-28 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Insect inhibitory proteins |
UY39585A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-29 | Monsanto Technology Llc | PROTEINS THAT EXHIBIT INSECT INHIBITOR ACTIVITY AGAINST PESTS OF AGRICULTURAL IMPORTANCE OF CROP PLANTS AND SEEDS |
KR20230127241A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2023-08-31 | 몬산토 테크놀로지 엘엘씨 | novel insect inhibitory proteins |
WO2022204466A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2022-09-29 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Production of circular polyribonucleotides in a prokaryotic system |
US20240181079A1 (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2024-06-06 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Production of circular polyribonucleotides in a eukaryotic system |
CN117120605A (en) | 2021-03-26 | 2023-11-24 | 旗舰创业创新七公司 | Compositions and methods for producing cyclic polyribonucleotides |
AR125862A1 (en) * | 2021-05-21 | 2023-08-23 | Syngenta Crop Protection Ag | COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS TO CONTROL INSECTS |
AU2022306570A1 (en) | 2021-07-08 | 2024-01-18 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Novel insect inhibitory proteins |
CN114134171B (en) * | 2021-10-29 | 2023-09-15 | 隆平生物技术(海南)有限公司 | Method for inhibiting or killing Oriental myxomycetes and application thereof |
IL312479A (en) | 2021-11-01 | 2024-06-01 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii Llc | Polynucleotides for transforming organisms |
CN114507673A (en) * | 2022-01-20 | 2022-05-17 | 隆平生物技术(海南)有限公司 | Method for inhibiting or killing black cutworm and application |
AU2023209447A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 | 2024-07-18 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Polynucleotides for modifying organisms |
CN116063431B (en) * | 2022-09-19 | 2023-11-10 | 隆平生物技术(海南)有限公司 | A kind of plant anti-insect protein and its application |
WO2024092330A1 (en) * | 2022-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | Empresa Brasileira De Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa | Truncated chimeric insecticidal proteins |
WO2024229395A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Partitiviral satellite rna amplification systems for plants |
WO2024229398A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial amalgavirus satellite rnas |
WO2024229351A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial secoviridae satellite rnas |
WO2024229385A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial ghabrivirales satellite rnas |
WO2024229403A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Endornaviral satellite rna amplification systems for plants |
WO2024229359A2 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial tymovirales satellite rnas |
WO2024229347A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial tombusviridae satellite rnas |
WO2024229356A2 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | Artificial solemoviridae satellite rnas |
WO2024229362A1 (en) | 2023-05-03 | 2024-11-07 | Flagship Pioneering Innovations Vii, Llc | ARTIFICIAL MARTELLIVIRALES SATELLITE RNAs |
CN117144054B (en) * | 2023-10-27 | 2024-06-11 | 莱肯生物科技(海南)有限公司 | Nucleic acid detection method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (89)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3587548T2 (en) | 1984-12-28 | 1993-12-23 | Bayer Ag | Recombinant DNA that can be introduced into plant cells. |
DE3687682T2 (en) | 1985-08-07 | 1993-08-19 | Monsanto Co | GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT PLANTS. |
US5312910A (en) | 1987-05-26 | 1994-05-17 | Monsanto Company | Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvyl-3-phosphoshikimate synthase |
DE69033816T2 (en) | 1989-02-24 | 2002-08-08 | Monsanto Technology Llc., St. Louis | SYNTHETIC PLANT GENES AND METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
DE69132913T2 (en) | 1990-04-26 | 2002-08-29 | Aventis Cropscience N.V., Gent | New Bacillus thuringia strain and its gene coding for insect toxin |
US5633435A (en) | 1990-08-31 | 1997-05-27 | Monsanto Company | Glyphosate-tolerant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases |
FR2673643B1 (en) | 1991-03-05 | 1993-05-21 | Rhone Poulenc Agrochimie | TRANSIT PEPTIDE FOR THE INSERTION OF A FOREIGN GENE INTO A PLANT GENE AND PLANTS TRANSFORMED USING THIS PEPTIDE. |
US5723758A (en) * | 1991-09-13 | 1998-03-03 | Mycogen Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding lepidopteran-active toxins |
US5262324A (en) | 1991-11-06 | 1993-11-16 | Mycogen Corporation | Coleopteran-active Bacillus thuringiensis isolates and genes encoding coleopteran-active toxins |
US5273746A (en) | 1992-01-29 | 1993-12-28 | Mycogen Corporation | Bacillus thuringiensis isolates active against phthiraptera pests |
US5322687A (en) | 1993-07-29 | 1994-06-21 | Ecogen Inc. | Bacillus thuringiensis cryet4 and cryet5 toxin genes and proteins toxic to lepidopteran insects |
GB9318207D0 (en) | 1993-09-02 | 1993-10-20 | Sandoz Ltd | Improvements in or relating to organic compounds |
US5508264A (en) * | 1994-12-06 | 1996-04-16 | Mycogen Corporation | Pesticidal compositions |
US6063756A (en) * | 1996-09-24 | 2000-05-16 | Monsanto Company | Bacillus thuringiensis cryET33 and cryET34 compositions and uses therefor |
US6713063B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2004-03-30 | Monsanto Technology, Llc | Broad-spectrum δ-endotoxins |
US6017534A (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2000-01-25 | Ecogen, Inc. | Hybrid Bacillus thuringiensis δ-endotoxins with novel broad-spectrum insecticidal activity |
EP0942985B1 (en) | 1996-11-20 | 2004-09-15 | Monsanto Technology LLC | Broad-spectrum delta-endotoxins |
US5942664A (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1999-08-24 | Ecogen, Inc. | Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1C compositions toxic to lepidopteran insects and methods for making Cry1C mutants |
US6218188B1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 2001-04-17 | Mycogen Corporation | Plant-optimized genes encoding pesticidal toxins |
US6489542B1 (en) | 1998-11-04 | 2002-12-03 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Methods for transforming plants to express Cry2Ab δ-endotoxins targeted to the plastids |
US6283613B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2001-09-04 | Cooper Technologies Company | LED traffic light with individual LED reflectors |
WO2001014562A1 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2001-03-01 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Hybrid insecticidal toxins and nucleic acid sequences coding therefor |
US6501009B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2002-12-31 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Expression of Cry3B insecticidal protein in plants |
CA2384967A1 (en) * | 1999-09-15 | 2001-03-22 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Lepidopteran-active bacillus thuringiensis .delta.-endotoxin compositions and methods of use |
AU2000269030A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2002-02-25 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Broad-spectrum delta-endotoxins |
JP2004506432A (en) * | 2000-08-25 | 2004-03-04 | シンジェンタ・パティシペーションズ・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | Novel insecticidal toxin derived from Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein |
CN101385467B (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2014-11-05 | 辛根塔参与股份公司 | Novel pesticidal toxins |
AR035799A1 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-07-14 | Syngenta Participations Ag | INSECTICIDE TOXINS ISOLATED FROM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS AND ITS USES. |
ES2203310B1 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2005-06-01 | Universidad Publica De Navarra | NEW BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS CEPA WITH MULTIPLE CRY TOXIC GENES AGAINST PLAGA LEPIDOPTERS. |
CN100497378C (en) * | 2002-03-22 | 2009-06-10 | 拜尔生物科学公司 | Novel bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal proteins |
AU2003265637A1 (en) * | 2002-08-29 | 2004-03-19 | Natalia N. Bogdanova | Nucleotide sequences encoding cry1bb proteins for enhanced expression in plants |
PL1818405T3 (en) | 2004-04-09 | 2015-11-30 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Compositions and methods for control of insect infestations in plants |
EP1753866B1 (en) | 2004-06-09 | 2010-09-22 | Pioneer-Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Plastid transit peptides |
NZ588035A (en) | 2005-04-01 | 2011-11-25 | Athenix Corp | AXMI-038, a delta-endotoxin gene and methods for its use |
AU2012200658B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2014-01-23 | Monsanto Technology Llc | "Controlling insect infestation" |
CA2617803C (en) * | 2005-08-31 | 2012-05-29 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Nucleotide sequences encoding insecticidal proteins |
AU2007275226B2 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2013-07-04 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Method for identifying novel genes |
CL2007002135A1 (en) | 2006-07-21 | 2008-03-14 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | NUCLEIC ACID OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS THAT CODIFY POLYPEPTIDES WITH PESTICIDED ACTIVITY; CONSTRUCTION OF DNA AND CELL GUESTS THAT UNDERSTAND IT; METHOD OF PROTECTION OF A PLANT AGAINST A PEST; POLYPEPTIDES AND PRODUCTION METHOD; AND COMPOSIC |
CL2007003582A1 (en) | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-20 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | NUCLEIC ACIDS CODING POLYPEPTIDES CRY1 OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS; VECTOR AND CELL GUESTS THAT UNDERSTAND IT; SUCH POLIPEPTIDES; AND METHOD TO PRODUCE A PLANT WITH IMPROVED INSECT RESISTANCE. |
BR122017015069B1 (en) | 2007-03-09 | 2018-07-10 | Monsanto Technology Llc | HIGH VOLUME GENERATOR FOR TRANSFORMABLE VEGETABLE FABRIC PRODUCTION |
MX2009010062A (en) * | 2007-03-28 | 2009-10-13 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Insecticidal proteins. |
US8609936B2 (en) | 2007-04-27 | 2013-12-17 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Hemipteran-and coleopteran active toxin proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis |
CN101679997B (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2013-08-21 | 孟山都技术公司 | Methods for inducing cotton embryogenic callus |
US7772465B2 (en) | 2007-06-26 | 2010-08-10 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
CN105830921A (en) | 2007-08-31 | 2016-08-10 | 孟山都技术公司 | Method and apparatus for substantially isolating plant tissues |
US8283524B2 (en) | 2008-05-15 | 2012-10-09 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
US8129594B2 (en) * | 2008-06-11 | 2012-03-06 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
CN102076858B (en) | 2008-06-11 | 2013-10-30 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
MX351227B (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2017-09-14 | Athenix Corp | Toxin genes and methods for their use. |
EP2949659A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 | 2015-12-02 | Athenix Corporation | AXMI-115, AXMI-113, AXMI-005, AXMI-163 and AXMI-184: insecticidal proteins and methods for their use |
US8445749B2 (en) | 2008-09-19 | 2013-05-21 | Pioneer Hi Bred International Inc | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
US20100077507A1 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Novel Bacillus Thuringiensis Gene with Lepidopteran Activity |
EP2361307B1 (en) | 2008-12-22 | 2014-09-24 | Athenix Corporation | Pesticidal genes from Brevibacillus and methods for their use |
CA2747826A1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2010-07-01 | Athenix Corporation | Axmi-150 delta-endotoxin gene and methods for its use |
MX2011007157A (en) | 2009-01-23 | 2011-09-01 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | Novel bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity. |
BRPI1007915B1 (en) | 2009-02-05 | 2019-05-14 | Athenix Corporation | AXMI-R1 VARIANT GENES DELTA-ENDOTOXIN, VECTOR, MICROBIAN HOST CELL, RECOMBINANT POLYPEPTIDE AND ITS METHOD OF PRODUCTION, COMPOSITION, AND METHODS FOR CONTROLING AND KILLING A CLETETETE CLETETE PANTOTTETE POPULATION |
BRPI1008740A8 (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2022-07-05 | Athenix Corp | PESTICIDES PROTEINS AND METHODS FOR THEIR USE. |
CN102421792B (en) | 2009-03-11 | 2015-11-25 | 阿森尼克斯公司 | AXMI-001, AXMI-002, AXMI-030, AXMI-035 and AXMI-045: from the insecticidal proteins and using method thereof of bacillus thuringiensis |
EP2419441B1 (en) | 2009-04-17 | 2015-01-21 | Dow AgroSciences LLC | Dig-3 insecticidal cry toxins |
US8304605B2 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2012-11-06 | Dow Agrosciences, Llc. | DIG-11 insecticidal cry toxins |
CA2765742A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2010-12-23 | Justin Lira | Dig-10 insecticidal cry toxins |
AU2010260302A1 (en) | 2009-06-16 | 2011-12-15 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | DIG-5 insecticidal Cry toxins |
AR077344A1 (en) | 2009-07-31 | 2011-08-17 | Athenix Corp | FAMILY OF PESTICIATED GENES AXMI-192 AND METHODS FOR USE |
PH12012500642A1 (en) * | 2009-10-02 | 2019-07-10 | Syngenta Participations Ag | Insecticidal proteins |
AR078964A1 (en) | 2009-11-12 | 2011-12-14 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS GEN CODIFYING POLYPEPTIDE WITH PESTICIATED ACTIVITY AGAINST LEPIDOPTERA |
PL2512222T3 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2018-07-31 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | COMBINED USE OF CRY1Ca AND CRY1Fa PROTEINS FOR INSECT RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT |
WO2011084324A2 (en) | 2009-12-21 | 2011-07-14 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Novel bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
EP2536266A2 (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2012-12-26 | Athenix Corp. | Axmi218, axmi219, axmi220, axmi226, axmi227, axmi228, axmi229, axmi230, and axmi231 delta-endotoxin genes and methods for their use |
HUE035576T2 (en) | 2010-02-18 | 2018-05-28 | Athenix Corp | Axmi221z, axmi222z, axmi223z, axmi224z, and axmi225z delta-endotoxin genes and methods for their use |
MX2013001742A (en) | 2010-08-19 | 2013-05-14 | Pioneer Hi Bred Int | Novel bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
WO2012092106A1 (en) | 2010-12-28 | 2012-07-05 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Novel bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
WO2012102999A1 (en) | 2011-01-24 | 2012-08-02 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Novel bacillus thuringiensis genes with lepidopteran activity |
CN103459601A (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2013-12-18 | 先锋国际良种公司 | Synthetic insecticidal proteins with active against corn rootworm |
CA2825951C (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2019-08-20 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Pesticidal nucleic acids and proteins and uses thereof |
US8878007B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2014-11-04 | Pioneer Hi Bred International Inc | Bacillus thuringiensis gene with lepidopteran activity |
WO2012135436A1 (en) | 2011-03-30 | 2012-10-04 | Athenix Corp. | Axmi238 toxin gene and methods for its use |
GB201105418D0 (en) | 2011-03-31 | 2011-05-18 | Univ Durham | Pesticide |
MX346662B (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2017-03-27 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Insect inhibitory toxin family active against hemipteran and/or lepidopteran insects. |
HUE037346T2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2018-08-28 | Athenix Corp | Axmi205 variant proteins and methods for their use |
RU2014107672A (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2015-09-10 | Атеникс Корп. | AXMI270 GENE AND WAYS OF ITS APPLICATION |
EP2737068A1 (en) | 2011-07-29 | 2014-06-04 | Athenix Corp. | Axmi279 pesticidal gene and methods for its use |
CA2866241C (en) | 2012-03-08 | 2021-03-16 | Athenix Corp. | Axmi345 delta-endotoxin gene and methods for its use |
IL313167A (en) | 2012-03-09 | 2024-07-01 | Vestaron Corp | Production of toxic peptides, expression of peptides in plants, and combinations of high-cysteine insecticidal peptides |
EP3495379A1 (en) | 2012-04-06 | 2019-06-12 | Monsanto Technology LLC | Proteins toxic to hemipteran insect species |
US9688730B2 (en) | 2012-07-02 | 2017-06-27 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Insecticidal proteins and methods for their use |
US9475847B2 (en) | 2012-07-26 | 2016-10-25 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Insecticidal proteins and methods for their use |
EP2903413A4 (en) * | 2012-10-05 | 2016-07-20 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | Use of cry1ea in combinations for management of resistant fall armyworm insects |
CR20210268A (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2021-07-14 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
US10487123B2 (en) | 2014-10-16 | 2019-11-26 | Monsanto Technology Llc | Chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests |
-
2015
- 2015-10-15 CR CR20210268A patent/CR20210268A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 SG SG10201913879PA patent/SG10201913879PA/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 JP JP2017520352A patent/JP6626102B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 CR CR20210269A patent/CR20210269A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 CA CA2964776A patent/CA2964776A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 EA EA201892761A patent/EA201892761A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 CR CR20170198A patent/CR20170198A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 SG SG11201702749RA patent/SG11201702749RA/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 KR KR1020197037522A patent/KR102208978B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 UA UAA201909674A patent/UA123480C2/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 CN CN202011069672.XA patent/CN112142858B/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 CU CU2018000051A patent/CU24541B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 KR KR1020197037523A patent/KR102208980B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 NZ NZ768153A patent/NZ768153A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 CA CA3151123A patent/CA3151123A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 PE PE2021002061A patent/PE20220375A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 BR BR122020004897-2A patent/BR122020004897B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-15 CN CN202011055790.5A patent/CN112175094B/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 EP EP20171026.6A patent/EP3715363A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 PE PE2017000604A patent/PE20170895A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EA EA201892763A patent/EA201892763A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 SG SG10201913870RA patent/SG10201913870RA/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 US US14/884,469 patent/US10233217B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 ES ES15797725T patent/ES2864657T3/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 BR BR122020004875-1A patent/BR122020004875B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-15 EP EP20171028.2A patent/EP3715364A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 CU CU2018000052A patent/CU24570B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EA EA201892762A patent/EA201892762A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 PE PE2021002059A patent/PE20220940A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 WO PCT/US2015/055800 patent/WO2016061391A2/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-15 CN CN202011068643.1A patent/CN112142857B/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 AU AU2015332384A patent/AU2015332384B2/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 KR KR1020197037525A patent/KR102208985B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 EA EA201892760A patent/EA201892760A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 UA UAA201909675A patent/UA123481C2/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 NZ NZ730747A patent/NZ730747A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EP EP20171024.1A patent/EP3715362A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 KR KR1020197037524A patent/KR102208984B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 CN CN202011054128.8A patent/CN112175093B/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 CU CU2018000053A patent/CU24571B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 KR KR1020177013031A patent/KR102127553B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-10-15 CN CN201580055840.0A patent/CN107074974B/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 UA UAA201909676A patent/UA123482C2/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EP EP15797725.7A patent/EP3207049B1/en active Active
- 2015-10-15 BR BR112017007794-9A patent/BR112017007794B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-15 CU CU2018000054A patent/CU24551B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 PE PE2021002064A patent/PE20220372A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EP EP20171022.5A patent/EP3715361A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 SG SG10201913859XA patent/SG10201913859XA/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 CA CA3151125A patent/CA3151125A1/en active Pending
- 2015-10-15 CU CU2017000049A patent/CU24456B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 MX MX2017004919A patent/MX388283B/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 EA EA201790843A patent/EA034918B1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 PE PE2021002063A patent/PE20220374A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 MY MYPI2017701293A patent/MY181627A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 SG SG10201913849RA patent/SG10201913849RA/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 BR BR122020004891-3A patent/BR122020004891B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-15 NZ NZ768151A patent/NZ768151A/en unknown
- 2015-10-15 UA UAA201704656A patent/UA121662C2/en unknown
- 2015-10-16 UY UY0001040225A patent/UY40225A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-16 AR ARP150103361A patent/AR103129A1/en unknown
- 2015-10-16 UY UY0001040226A patent/UY40226A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2015-10-16 UY UY0001036360A patent/UY36360A/en active IP Right Grant
-
2017
- 2017-03-29 ZA ZA2017/02191A patent/ZA201702191B/en unknown
- 2017-04-05 IL IL251570A patent/IL251570B/en active IP Right Grant
- 2017-04-07 SV SV2017005422A patent/SV2017005422A/en unknown
- 2017-04-07 NI NI201700044A patent/NI201700044A/en unknown
- 2017-04-11 CL CL2017000895A patent/CL2017000895A1/en unknown
- 2017-04-11 PH PH12017500697A patent/PH12017500697A1/en unknown
- 2017-04-12 MX MX2021009320A patent/MX2021009320A/en unknown
- 2017-04-12 MX MX2021009318A patent/MX2021009318A/en unknown
- 2017-04-12 MX MX2021009319A patent/MX2021009319A/en unknown
- 2017-04-12 MX MX2021009317A patent/MX2021009317A/en unknown
- 2017-05-12 CO CONC2017/0004807A patent/CO2017004807A2/en unknown
- 2017-05-12 EC ECIEPI201729551A patent/ECSP17029551A/en unknown
- 2017-12-20 US US15/849,218 patent/US10611806B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-20 US US15/849,012 patent/US10669317B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-20 US US15/848,852 patent/US10494409B2/en active Active
- 2017-12-20 US US15/848,837 patent/US10494408B2/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-10 ZA ZA2019/00217A patent/ZA201900217B/en unknown
- 2019-01-14 CL CL2019000109A patent/CL2019000109A1/en unknown
- 2019-01-14 CL CL2019000110A patent/CL2019000110A1/en unknown
- 2019-01-15 CL CL2019000112A patent/CL2019000112A1/en unknown
- 2019-04-30 AU AU2019203025A patent/AU2019203025B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-30 AU AU2019203021A patent/AU2019203021B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-30 AU AU2019203014A patent/AU2019203014B2/en active Active
- 2019-04-30 AU AU2019203015A patent/AU2019203015B2/en active Active
- 2019-05-15 CL CL2019001328A patent/CL2019001328A1/en unknown
-
2020
- 2020-03-20 ZA ZA2020/01769A patent/ZA202001769B/en unknown
- 2020-03-20 ZA ZA2020/01768A patent/ZA202001768B/en unknown
- 2020-03-20 ZA ZA2020/01770A patent/ZA202001770B/en unknown
- 2020-03-20 ZA ZA2020/01771A patent/ZA202001771B/en unknown
- 2020-04-05 AU AU2020202394A patent/AU2020202394C1/en active Active
- 2020-05-08 AR ARP200101323A patent/AR118891A2/en unknown
- 2020-05-08 AR ARP200101326A patent/AR118894A2/en unknown
- 2020-05-08 AR ARP200101324A patent/AR118892A2/en unknown
- 2020-05-08 AR ARP200101322A patent/AR118890A2/en unknown
- 2020-05-08 AR ARP200101325A patent/AR118893A2/en unknown
- 2020-05-14 US US16/874,186 patent/US11267849B2/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-04 PH PH12021500019A patent/PH12021500019A1/en unknown
- 2021-03-04 PH PH12021500021A patent/PH12021500021A1/en unknown
- 2021-03-04 PH PH12021500022A patent/PH12021500022A1/en unknown
- 2021-03-04 PH PH12021500020A patent/PH12021500020A1/en unknown
-
2022
- 2022-02-14 US US17/671,011 patent/US12264182B2/en active Active
-
2025
- 2025-01-17 US US19/030,863 patent/US20250154210A1/en active Pending
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
ZA202001771B (en) | Novel chimeric insecticidal proteins toxic or inhibitory to lepidopteran pests | |
ZA201605020B (en) | Novel pyrazolyl-heteroarylamides as pesticides | |
PT3531824T (en) | Insecticidal proteins | |
PT3568022T (en) | Insecticidal proteins | |
ZA201801210B (en) | Novel insect inhibitory proteins | |
PT3256462T (en) | Substituted 2-thioimidazolyl-carboxamides as pesticides | |
PT3237617T (en) | Biological control of coleopteran pests | |
IL249343A0 (en) | Vegetative insecticidal proteins useful for control of insect pests | |
ZA201902418B (en) | Novel insect inhibitory proteins | |
ZA201800227B (en) | Novel insect inhibitory proteins | |
ZA201906029B (en) | Novel insect inhibitory proteins | |
ZA201903866B (en) | Novel insect inhibitory proteins | |
IL253094A0 (en) | Dig-305 insecticidal cry toxins | |
GB201503950D0 (en) | Insecticidal composition | |
SI3448845T1 (en) | Substituted 2-alkylimidazolyl-carboxamides as pesticides | |
ZA201801475B (en) | Engineered cry6a insecticidal proteins | |
IL251668A0 (en) | Dig-303 insecticidal cry toxins | |
GB201400524D0 (en) | Agricultural implement | |
HUE052316T2 (en) | Substituted 2-alkylimidazolyl-carboxamides as pesticides | |
PL3138382T3 (en) | Agricultural harvester | |
GB201513863D0 (en) | Weed harvester | |
GB201522124D0 (en) | Aquatic pesticide | |
GB201413111D0 (en) | Weed harvester | |
GB201513962D0 (en) | Aquatic pesticide | |
GB201402816D0 (en) | Crop Pest Reducer |