SE440674C - Insulated building and ways to achieve such - Google Patents

Description

sooos99-4 2 10 15 20 25 30 35 '40 However, the building according to the present invention eliminates the inconveniences of known buildings while at the same time meeting the set requirements. Thus, one starts from the principle of achieving precision in the construction. Furthermore, the building can be erected and assembled in a simple manner and also in such a short time that the costs of erecting the building can be significantly reduced. In addition, the building is so easy to erect that the construction can be carried out by ordinary people, which is also facilitated by the fact that the structural parts in the building have such a small weight that only hand power needs to be used. It is also important here that the building can be erected to a frame without the use of any tools and for the further erection of the building only with the use of uncomplicated tools. Perhaps the most important thing about the building according to the invention is that the building structures are designed from a material other than wood or wood-based building materials. Instead, a material with a high thermal insulating ability is essentially used and the construction parts are designed so that they have a low or almost no heat transfer capacity. Furthermore, the building can be constructed with the materials and constructions in question in such a way that the inner spaces are tightly enclosed while cold bridges are avoided. The load-bearing structure is further formed of a durable material with a low coefficient of thermal expansion.

The building according to the invention is characterized in that the frame is stiffened by means of the floor or ceiling or locking means extending in the floor or ceiling, which have a length which exceeds the distance between two opposite walls in the frame. Furthermore, because the wall blocks have block joint edges, which are designed in such a way that adjacent wall blocks can each enclose a rule in their longitudinal extent, whereby adjacent wall blocks are arranged to be able to connect to each other on both the outside and inside of the wall without being bridged by a rule. The wall blocks further have upper edge recesses for receiving between the bars in each wall of the frame extending band members, whereby a side surface of the floor blocks facing the frame or the ceiling blocks can connect abutting against the wall blocks facing the floor or ceiling. Where applicable, when the building is to have a second floor, the building is further characterized in that at least the parts of arranged trusses which connect to an insulated interior space are enclosed by existing gables, standing blocks, sloping roof blocks and roof blocks, which constitute the necessary insulation and can specify the required gable wall and roof thickness.

Another feature of the building according to the invention is that the awning constitutes a control device for the erection of the building and is firmly anchored in the foundation and is designed as a mooring element for the joists. 10 15 20 25 30 35 s' z 8000599-4 Another jug mark for the building according to the invention is that the lower edge of the rock blocks has a lower edge recess for receiving a part of the foundation or for receiving the sill, the wall blocks enclosing the sill between the rock blocks. and the foundation. Yet another feature of the building according to the invention is that the strap means consist of hammer straps, which are arranged to be able to be connected to each other in connection with or in a nearby rule.

The present invention also relates to a method for providing a building, wherein the building rules are formed of metal, preferably of steel profiles or beams, and that wall blocks, floors, ceilings or the like and, where applicable, gable wall blocks, standing blocks, sloping blocks, roof blocks are formed of a heat-insulating plastic material, preferably a foam plastic, such as polyurethane, that the so-called bars, blocks and trusses of metal are included in the building and form prefabricated building elements, which are intended to be erected on a foundation on which a sill has been arranged. The method is characterized in that a wall bolt is attached to the foundation, a wall block is arranged on the foundation so that it surrounds the sill and is brought to connect to the bolt with a first block joint edge, a second rule is attached to the foundation and to the second block joint edge of the wall block. a second wall block is arranged on the foundation similar to the first wall block and is caused to connect with its first block joint edge to the second rule and so on until the last wall block to form the horizontal extent of the building is connected to the foundation, banding means are arranged between adjacent wall bars. each wall, that the walls so erected form a frame, which is applied to joists or inner roof blocks and, where applicable, trusses, the joists and trusses or a subframe in the trusses being arranged in turn on the frame, the joists resting on the free edge of the wall, while the subframes of the trusses extend in floor blocks one, that where applicable, when the building is to be finished with a sloping roof or a second floor with sloping roofs or gable roofs, a roof truss, a gable wall to connect to the roof truss and a floor or ceiling block and to at least parts of the roof truss, wall blocks or standing blocks and roof blocks, after which a second roof truss with its subframe is arranged in connection with arranged blocks for arranging a second floor, wall and roof block in connection with the second roof truss and so on to complete the assembly of the inner space of the second floor with the connection of a second gable wall block to the last arranged roof truss, that a special outer roof may be arranged and that the erection of the building be completed by arranging ridge tiles or equivalent. 8000599-4 4 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Further features and advantages of the building and the method according to the invention will appear in the following description of the invention from an exemplary embodiment, in which case a simultaneous reference will be made to the accompanying schematic drawings. , on which Fig. 1 shows schematically and in perspective a frame of a building, Fig. 2 shows on an enlarged scale partly an upper part of a wall, partly a lower part of a wall according to section BB in Fig. 1, Fig. 3 shows partly a part of a wall according to a section CC in Fig. 1, partly a corner in the building according to section DD in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 shows a cross section through a floor according to section EE in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 shows on an enlarged scale and in cross section a part of two wall blocks before connection in block joint, Fig. 6 shows in perspective a part of a wall bolt and a sill before the attachment of the bolt, Fig. 6 a shows the wall bolt according to Fig. 6 during attachment of the rule in the sill, Fig. 7 shows in perspective an upper part of a reg electricity and parts of hammer bands before connection and fixing of the hammer bands, Fig. 8 shows in perspective a part of an upper part of a wall before application of floor or ceiling, Fig. 9 shows in perspective the view according to Fig. 8 with applied floor blocks or ceiling blocks Fig. 10 shows in cross section a part of a building, Fig. 11 shows a part of the building element according to section FF in Fig. 10, Fig. 12 schematically shows a part of a eaves according to section GG in Fig. 10 and Fig. 13 shows a cross section through a part of a building.

The reference numeral 1 in Fig. 1 shows a frame for a building, the frame being erected on a foundation 2, consisting of, for example, a base plate of reinforced concrete, a basement foundation, a basement floor or the like. The frame comprises wall bars 3 enclosed in wall blocks 4, which may be arranged opposite a thickened portion 14 of the wall blocks 4. The bars 3 in two opposite wall portions of the building have fastening means 13 for fastening trusses 10, see also Fig. 2. Fastening means 13 can in this case they consist of flanges arranged in pairs with, for example, occupied holes 33 for driving fastening means.

The wall studs 3 are formed of metal, preferably in the form of steel profiles or steel beams, while the wall blocks 4 are formed of a well-insulating plastic material against heat and cold, preferably a foam plastic, such as polyurethane. The wall blocks can be provided with existing windows, doors, valves, valve ducts and other wall passages.

The wall studs 3 are intended to be anchored in the foundation 2, the foundation being provided with a sill 7 or equivalent. Since the building and the structural elements included in it are designed with precision and are optimally prefabricated, it is essential that the sill 7 has a fixed anchorage and a correct position on the foundation. Therefore, the foundation 2 is arranged with flat iron 17 of, for example, steel, which are otherwise: 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 5 8000599-4 are cast into the foundation, see also Fig. 10. The sill 7 is hereby arranged to the foundation 2 by welding to the cast iron sheets 17 or the like.

With further reference to Figs. 6 and 6 a, an embodiment of a lower part of a wall bolt 3 and a sill 7 is shown. The bolt here has a recess 23 so that the bolt can branch over the sill. Furthermore, the rule has a mooring means 25 in the form of, for example, a hook, which is intended to enter a hole 27 having a sill.

To facilitate the hooking of the bolt, its lower edge portion is designed rounded, see reference numeral 26. Due to the design shown, the bolts can be arranged to the foundation without the use of tools and thus be inserted into the ledge by tilting the bolt against a ledge, after which the bolt is raised to a previous arranged and nearby wall block, which the rule should fix. To lock the latch, the hook may, for example, have an upwardly directed tongue 31, which is caused to enter a second hole 29 in the sill.

The wall blocks 4, which are to be located between the wall studs 3, have recesses in the block joint edges 15, two adjacent wall blocks being arranged to surround a rule to the longitudinal extent of the bolt, see Fig. 3. Furthermore, the lower edge of the wall blocks has a lower edge recess 24, see Elg. 10, whereby the wall blocks can branch the sill 7.

To ensure sealing between the lower part of the wall blocks and the foundation, a sealing strip 51, for example a plastic strip, can be arranged on each side of the sill before mounting the wall blocks. As shown in Fig. 2, a space 52 may arise between the inner surface of the wall blocks and the foundation. This space can be filled with sealant of polyester mortar or the like and, for example, made in connection with floor leveling. The reference numeral 53 schematically shows that the foundation can be provided with heating coils.

The upper edge of the wall blocks 4 has an upper edge recess 18, see Fig. 8, for receiving hammer bands 8. With further reference to Fig. 7 it appears that the hammer bands 8 are arranged to be able to be connected to each other in connection with or in a close-lined rule 3, which has recesses or holes 30. For connecting hammer bands 8 to each other, the end portions of the hammer bands are inserted into the openings 30 and locked against each other by means of a locking means 32, for example in the form of a shackle, which is brought into engagement with holes 36, recesses or the like arranged in the hammer bands. As can be seen from the wall bolt 3 in Fig. 7, the wall bolt lacks fastening means, i.e. that the rule is intended to be arranged in a wall, which lacks from the wall erected trusses.

The hammer belts 8 further have engaging means 28, for example constituting a heel, the engaging means being intended for the engagement of the floor layer 6 or the ceiling with the frame 1. The floor layer 6 or the ceiling is preferably designed as a floor block and blocks. consists of a well-insulating plastic material, preferably of the same type as the wall blocks 4. The floor blocks 6 are for this purpose provided with projecting pins 16, see Fig. 2, for clamping the blocks and which pins are brought into engagement with the hammer band engaging means 28 during mounting of the blocks. the blocks will rest on the free edge of the frame and on any supporting inner walls 44, see Fig. 13. The heart wall has a similar band, where two clamping pins meet. The floor blocks 6 stiffen the frame 1.

Fig. 3 further shows a corner block 5, which is connected to nearby wall blocks 4 and studs 3. The free upper edge of the corner post in the frame is provided with a plate 56 for linking function.

Fig. 4 shows a cross section through two mounted floor blocks 6 according to section EE in Fig. 2 and it is seen here that the blocks have a recess against the adjacent block, whereby when connecting the two blocks in abutment against each other a groove facing away from the inner space 40 is formed. 19, see also Fig. 9. In the groove a subframe 9 is accommodated to a roof truss 10. For mounting the subframe, the groove can for example be filled 9 with polyurethane compound or other plastic compound, after which the subframe is inserted into the groove.

The subframe 9 locks the floor blocks 6. Furthermore, the subframes 9 are arranged to hold opposite outer walls or walls arranged in parallel in a mutually fixed position, i.e. that the subframes lock the opposite walls in the frame 1, see arrow 11 in Fig. 1. The mentioned sills 7, the hammer bands 8, the subframes 9 and the trusses 10 are formed of a metal material, for example a metal profile, such as a square profile formed of steel . As has been seen, the bars 3 can also consist of a square profile.

Adjoining wall blocks 3, floor blocks 6 or ceiling blocks have grooves 34 in their opposite end edges, which are intended for receiving a packing strip 35, see Figs. 3-5. The packing strip 35 can be formed of rubber or rubber-elastic material.

The mentioned metal profiles 7, 8, 9 and 10 in the form of pipes can be provided with a filling of foam plastic.

The said subframes 9 can thus be anchored at or in the floor layer 6 or the inner roof by means of a plastic mass, such as a liquid or semi-liquid mass. The subframes 9 are further connected to the respective truss 10 by means of mounting means 20.

Furthermore, the roof trusses 10 are arranged to the fastening means 13 of the joists 3. When raising the building up to the fastening of the roof trusses in the fastening members of the joists 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 1 8000599-4, no tools are needed for the mounting, since the wall bars have their special anchoring function for anchoring in the foundation and the wall rules cause the constructive part of the building up to the trusses. The building as a whole has, as has been described and shown, a load-bearing construction of, for example, steel.

The inner space 1 a second level in the building is enclosed by floors, gables, sloping roof elements, standing block elements and / or ceiling elements or at least by the parts of gables and elements which are to face and limit the heat-insulated inner space 40, see for example Fig. 13 The gables, blocks and elements are in this case formed of a well-insulating plastic material, preferably of the type from which the said wall blocks and floor blocks are formed. The necessary thickness and the necessary thermal insulation of the building are achieved by means of the wall blocks 4 formed of plastic material and preferably or, where applicable, of the floor blocks 6 and, where applicable, of existing gables and preferably and, if applicable, also of a second level in the building. steel block elements 37, sloping roof elements 38 and ceiling elements 39. These blocks, gables and elements are self-supporting and through these the required tightness and insulation are achieved through the properties of the material and low heat transfer capacity. In addition, the blocks, gables and elements indicate the necessary wall and ceiling thickness and thus, for example, one or both surface sides of the wall blocks 4 and also the floor blocks 6 can be formed in the material with one for an outer wall outside or an inner wall respectively. the inside of a ceiling or the surface of a floor suitable contour or pattern. The surfaces of the blocks, gables and elements can thus be formed during manufacture with a finished surface layer, which in this case can be designed so that it is ready for direct painting, wallpapering, etc. or be completely ready to form a decorated surface. This can be achieved by forming them in a single cast material, which in itself through the choice of material includes the necessary properties. Due to the self-supporting construction a great freedom of choice is achieved in the planning of interior spaces and it can be mentioned that load-bearing interior walls 44 and other interior walls 45 with free placement can be formed of such mentioned plastic material, but the thermal insulation does not have to be taken into account. . As an example, further reference can be made to Fig. 3 where the corner post 5 is provided with decorations 55.

Sealing strips 54 in the form of foam plastic strips can be arranged between the wall blocks 4 and the floor 6, see Fig. 2.

A supporting inner wall 44 can be arranged in the building with priority placement for supporting floors 6, which in this case has projecting pins for engagement with the upper edge 49 of the inner wall. For mounting other inner walls 45, for example, the ceiling 8000599-4 8 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 provided with a strip, a pipe or the like, the upper edge of the partition wall having a corresponding recess 47 for adjacent receiving of the roof strip. A similar strip, a pipe or the like, is arranged in the foundation or on the floor, the partition wall being turned down towards the floor strip to abut against the strip. The lower edge of the partition wall also has a wall element longitudinal recess 46 or groove, and for the partition wall to engage with the floor strip, the partition wall can be formed with a mountable filling strip 48.

In the event that the second floor of the building is to have standing blocks 37, the floor 6 or the floor can be provided with moldings, pipes or the like and, for example, be cast into the floor. As can be seen from Fig. 10, the lower edge of the block blocks elements has two recesses 41 or grooves arranged along the element, which are caused to enclose the floor moldings in an adjoining manner. For further construction and enclosure of the inner space 40 in a second plane, the block block elements 37 can be formed with block joint edges. 42 resp. 43 or projecting strips and grooves for engagement with a corresponding block joint edge on connecting sloping roof elements 38, which in turn for a connection to any existing roof element 39 are formed with such an exemplary block joint edge, as well as the inner roof element.

Gables and elements in the second level of the building are designed to enclose adjacent and adjacent truss parts or at least surround those parts of the trusses which are to face the heat-insulating interior space 40. Thus, existing blocks and elements for delimiting the interior space in the second floor of the building are designed. ade with block joint edges for receiving or enclosing connecting parts of the trusses. Occurring gables or the gables together with connecting blocks and elements have a recess for receiving a connecting truss, i.e. that the side of the gables, which is to face the inner space, has recesses for receiving at least the parts of the roof truss which adjoin the heat-insulating inner space. Gables and building elements in the second level of the building can likewise be provided with doors, windows, ventilation ducts, valves, hatches, attic windows and other elements, which are directly cast in the building material. Gables, blocks and elements also indicate the necessary thickness and constitute the necessary insulation.

Referring to Figs. 10 and 12, it is shown that the mounting means 20 are made of disc-shaped elements, for example having an L-shape, and thus have a projecting flange 21. The mounting means 20 are arranged in pairs and at the same time form a fastening for a prefabricated eaves 22 or eaves parts. The eaves is here designed as a cassette, i.e. having a recess or recess by means of which the eaves 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 9 8000599-4 or the eaves part can be mounted to the mounting means 20 by means of cassette mounting. Thus, the eaves are pushed with their recesses into the projecting flanges 21 of the mounting flanges. The eaves can in this case be designed with at least finished brackets for gutters and equivalent members.

The method of achieving such a well-insulated building thus comprises a utilization of the mentioned materials or the like and the building elements or the like. In this case, the foundation is prepared with a sill or other mooring and control device. The prefabricated building parts for providing the frame are mounted with ease by hand, whereby a rule is arranged to the foundation. Then a wall block is arranged on the foundation and is brought to connect to the bolt with a first block joint edge.

Then a second rule is arranged for the foundation and for connection to the block joint edge of the mounted wall block and for fixing the wall block. A second wall block is then arranged on the foundation and is brought to connect with its first block joint edge to the second rule and so on. The frame is constructed in such a way that the last wall block to form the horizontal extent of the building is to be connected to the foundation, the last wall block, for example constituting a corner post block, being arranged on the foundation and being connected to the first erected rule with its second block joint edge. , after which a last rule is arranged between the first block joint edge of the said last wall block and the second block joint edge of the penultimate wall block. In this case, the last mounted bolt can be arranged by inserting it into the recess in the edging joint edge. The wall thus erected is provided with hammer bands and any load-bearing inner walls, and floor blocks are applied, which are brought into engagement with and rest on the free edge of the wall and the existing load-bearing inner walls.

Where applicable, when the building is to have a second floor, a first truss and a first gable are fitted to connect to the truss or to at least parts of the truss. In the case where the inner space in the second plane is to have standing walls, the floor or floor is provided with guide strips, if such are missing. Furthermore, in such a case, a first pair of standing block elements is arranged for connection to the gable and to at least parts of the roof truss. Existing sloping roof elements and ceiling elements are mounted on the standing block elements and adjacent to the gable and mounted truss, which is thereby surrounded by the gable and the elements in at least the parts adjacent to the inner space. Then a second truss is mounted in connection with the mentioned elements and so on. to complete the assembly of the inner space of the second plane by connecting a second end element to the last arranged roof truss. 8000599-4 iw 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 According to a special method, ceiling elements or sloping elements or ceiling elements or sloping elements connected to standing blocks are mounted with a first block joint edge to connect to a mounted truss, after which the ceiling or sloping element is attached to the roof truss or by connecting means for cohesion with mounted gable and mounted trusses and elements. A simple tool may be required for utilizing such interconnecting means.

When installing special roofs, these in the form of roof elements can be formed from the heat-insulating plastic material in question, as well as ridge boilers 61.

In calculations and experiments when designing a 1 l / 2-storey building for residential purposes, a foundation was arranged in the form of a concrete slab. The thickness of the wall elements was 150 mm and were formed of polyurethane having; \ = 0.017, Mi + M = 0.20, KW = 0.13. The foundation was provided with a barrel leveling and was formed on a 70 mm mineral wool sheet. The floor blocks had a stiffening function through projecting pins for engagement in hammer bands. The blocks were formed of polyurethane and had a thickness of 300 .mu.m, M = 0.017, Mi + M = 0.3, KW = 0.06. The walls against sloping ceilings, sloping ceilings and male joists showed a thickness and other properties similar to the said joist blocks. The building was designed for mechanical ventilation. The design has shown that it is hardly necessary to add extra heat without the insulation and the tightness was so good that you probably only need a heat source to provide additional heat in extreme weather. By using a recycling unit, it should be possible to fill the entire heat demand.

When utilizing buildings in accordance with the invention in countries with warm weather, a comfortable and normal internal temperature can be maintained in a simpler way and with less energy consumption for the addition of cold air to the building's interior space.

Without exceeding the scope of the inventive idea, modifications of the building and the method according to the invention should be possible. Thus, the building can have other shapes, sizes, floors and roof slopes and other types of roofs. It is also possible, based on the building construction shown and described, to supplement with several storeys. The wall studs and other supporting parts of the frame can be included in wall blocks and elements and thereby form a reinforcement or a frame, which is cast into the blocks and elements and in the case of wall blocks, for example, the frame protrudes into the lower edge and upper edge of the wall blocks. - ment resp. to allow further construction above the first level. The building is primarily intended to follow existing dimension modules at buildings and as an example it can be mentioned that the truss division is 1200 mm. Thus, there is none

Claims (6)

.flm Ps CU J x »o (x 12 P A T E N T K R A V A method of providing a building which is intended to be built on a foundation (2), such as a base plate, a basement foundation or the like and comprising a frame (1), comprising bars (3) and wall blocks (4), wherein bars -na (3) are formed of metal and with mooring means (25) and the wall blocks (4) of a plastic material well insulated against heat and cold, such as polyurethane, that the bars (3) and wall blocks fl) so designed as well as hammer bands (8) and roof trusses ( 10) of metal are included in the building and form prefabricated building elements, which are intended to be erected and assembled on the foundation (2), on which a sill (7) has been arranged to provide the frame (1) to a floor, that a floor (6 ), ceilings (6) or the equivalent of a heat- and cold-insulating plastic material, such as polyurethane, are arranged on the frame (1), characterized in that the wall blocks have been provided with block joint edges (15) during manufacture for two adjacent wall blocks (4) must be able to omg e a rule (3), upper edge recesses (18) for receiving hammer bands (8), which are intended to extend in each wall of the frame (1), and lower edge recesses (24) for receiving the sill (7), that a rule (3) by means of the locking means (25) having the bars (3) brought into engagement with the sill (7) arranged on the base (2), a wall block (4) arranged with the lower edge recess against the sill (7) and brought with a first block joint edge (15) to connect to the bolt (3), a second bolt is brought into engagement with the sill and to connect to the second block joint edge of the wall block, a second wall block is arranged on, the sill (7) and is brought with its first block joint edge to connect to the second bolt and so on until the last wall block for forming the horizontal circumference of the building is connected to the foundation, that the hammer strip (8) is arranged in the upper edge recess (18) of the wall blocks (4) and that the rules (3) extend between the sill (7) and the hammer strips (8), that they so test the walls form a framework (1) , which is stiffened or that two opposite walls in the frame (1) are caused to be kept in a mutually fixed position (1 l) by means of the floor (6), the ceiling (6) or in the floor (6) or the ceiling (6) extending locking means ( 9) or by means of a forearm (9) in roof trusses (10), wherein block blocks (6) or ceilings (6) are formed and the roof trusses (10) or said subframes (9) in the roof trusses (10) are arranged in turn on the frame. (1) and thereby in such a way that the floor or ceiling rests on the free edge of the wall, while said sub-members (9) in the roof trusses (10) are caused to extend in the floor (6) or in the ceiling (6). 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that when hammer bands (8) are arranged in the upper edge recesses (18) of the wall blocks (4), the hammer bands (8) are brought into engagement with adjacent bars (3). I * a (If) Cj \ * il .. FF. 13 3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall blocks (4) formed of plastic material indicate the necessary thickness and necessary insulation of said walls and that necessary insulation of an interior space (40) in the building can be achieved by means of the wall blocks formed of plastic material ( 4) and of floors or ceilings made of plastic material. 4. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the floor blocks or ceiling blocks are dried with subframes (9) and that the subframes and existing trusses (10) are then fixed in fixed connection with each other. 5. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the roof trusses (10) as well as other structural details for the load-bearing structure and which at least adjoin well-insulated inner space (40) are formed of metal. 6. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that load-bearing inner walls (44) are arranged on the base (2) before the closing floor (6) or ceiling (6) is arranged, while other inner walls (45) are arranged after the floor layer is arranged. or the ceiling has been arranged.