CZ90293A3 - Prefabricated structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The object has a metal support skeleton (1) that consists of sections (2), each forming a detachable unit with roof girders (5) and is anchored in the foundation structure (11), wherein individual sections (2) are connected by ceiling beams (4,8) and a system is releasably arranged on the columns (3) of the skeleton (1) the outer panels (30) forming the peripheral walls (17) of the object, while partition walls (36) form inner panels (41) adapted to the frame (37) anchored in the floor (40) and in the ceiling formed by ceiling panels (21) mounted on ceiling beams (4,8), with the lining being lined with a joint in front of the outer peripheral wall panels (30) (17) and roofing (55), which is provided on roof panels (24).

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Low-rise buildings, especially family houses, holiday cottages, etc., are built to a large extent from both classical materials and chipboard panels. The disadvantages of buildings constructed from classical materials are the relatively long construction time, high labor intensity, high costs and very limited possibility of rearrangement of the interior after completion of the building.

Requirements for accelerated construction therefore led to the expansion of construction of buildings assembled from particle board. Although their use accelerated construction and reduced costs and labor, it shortened the life of the building and its resistance to external influences. Another disadvantage is the relatively low thermal and acoustic insulation of these buildings. Also, the joining of the panels has not yet been satisfactorily resolved so as not to create joints at the joints, or to avoid having to cover the joints with strong additional means. Especially from the outside of the building, it is very difficult to overlap the joints in order to prevent leakage and disturb the appearance of the building.

Recently, especially in view of the increased demands for thermal insulation, there has been an effort to improve this type of objects. Consequently, structural systems of prefabricated family houses have been developed, consisting of supporting pillars in which; it is anchored by means of mounting hinges stiffening the rim, on the one hand by a set of panels comprising external and internal panels fitted with windows and doors. The outer panels overlap the supporting pillars and the space between them, and the inner panels are built in between the supporting pillars and form partitions. Individual spans of the roof structure are then placed on the reinforcing rim by means of spacers.

The disadvantage of the above mentioned construction systems is, however, a relatively complicated assembly due to the laborious alignment of the pillars, the reinforcing rim and the construction of the roofs. Fixing of the inner and outer panels and the aforementioned problems with covering the external joints are also problematic. Another disadvantage is the need to install internal panels between the supporting pillars. If the supporting pillars consist of wooden beams, the building is insufficiently dimensioned for extreme conditions.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to eliminate as far as possible the shortcomings of the known embodiments, in particular to increase the resistance of the building in extreme conditions, to increase the thermal and acoustic insulation of the building and to combine as far as possible the advantages of conventional materials. This is achieved by a structural system of a prefabricated object, in particular a single-family house, comprising a load-bearing skeleton and panels fastened thereon, the principle being in particular that the load-bearing skeleton is metal and consists of sections each forming a detachable unit with roof beams and it is anchored in the foundation structure, where the individual sections are connected by ceiling beams and on the skeleton columns is detachably arranged system of external panels forming the peripheral walls of the object, while the partition walls form internal panels arranged on the frame anchored in the floor and ceiling formed by ceiling panels wherein the cladding of the prefabricated building is formed by a cladding provided with a joint in front of the outer panels of the perimeter walls and a covering which is provided on the outer panels of the roof.

Due to the variability of the arrangement and easy mounting, it is useful if the frame of the partition walls is formed by vertical and horizontal elements

The profile and the inner panels are screwed onto it.

Advantageously, with respect to the ease of placement of the outer panels and the ease of assembly of the skeleton, the skeleton columns are formed of U-profiles which are aligned with the gap between the flanges and which are thus permanently joined by strips.

For quick assembly, it is advantageous if the system of outer panels forming the peripheral walls of the object is fixed to the skeleton by means of yokes snapped behind the strips peeling off.

In view of simplicity and ease of assembly, it is advantageous if the roof beams are of I-profile and are provided with brackets for roof panels and webs for bracing, and the ceiling beams consist of both L-profiles and pairs of L-profiles attached to each other and connected to each other. flange with a gap for screws fixed between them.

It appears to be advantageous that, in view of sound and heat insulation and stiffness, the outer panels are of the sandwich type comprising a perforated film, heat insulation, cement-bonded particleboard, an additional thermal insulation layer, an aeration foil and a gypsum board. arranged in a cross on both sides of the chipboard.

Overview of the drawings

The invention will be explained in more detail by means of the drawing, in which Fig. 1 shows the schematic of the skeleton of the prefabricated building, Fig. 2 detail of the placement of ceiling beams on a column along the perimeter of the building. 5 shows a detail of the foundation structure at the anchorage point of the skeleton column, FIG. 6 shows a detail of the attachment of the outer panel to the column in horizontal section, FIG.

detail of roof and ceiling connection to peripheral walls, fig. 8 detail of roof ridge in cross-section, fig. 9 cross-section of ceiling beam at the place of fastening on ceiling beam and fig. 10 schematic design of partition.

An example of an embodiment of the invention

The prefabricated structure, as seen in Fig. 1, comprises a supporting skeleton 1 with a characteristic division into transverse sections 2.

Each section 2 comprises columns 3, ceiling beams 4,8 and beams 5

The columns 3 are by means of the front feet 6 of the roof 9.

and anchor bolts anchored to the foundation structure 11.

The individual sections 2 are joined in one piece by circumferential ceiling beams 8. All connections between the columns 3, ceiling beams 4,8 and roof beams 9 are made by means of screws 10, end plates 6 and couplings 12 adapted to the connection point. The columns 3 are preferably formed from a pair of U-profiles, which are facing each other by flanges 13 and connected to the gap 16 of the strip 14 welded on the webs 15, as can be seen from FIGS.

The ceiling beams S connecting the single sections 2 at the location of the peripheral walls 17 are U-shaped according to FIG. 2 and are connected to the columns 3 by bolts 10 and laterally bent couplings 12.

The ceiling beams 4 in the sections 2, which are arranged outside the circumferential walls 17, (FIGS. 3 and 9) are formed from two L profiles connected by a flat strip 13, with fixing screws 20 of the ceiling panels 21 fixed between their uprights 19.

The beams 5 of the roof 9 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 have an I-profile and their ends are inclined according to the angle of the roof 9 and are provided with front feet 6 for bolts 10 connecting them to the columns and to each other at the ridge 22 of the roof 9 (FIG. On the flange 25 of the roof beams 5, fasteners 23 for screws 10 are fixed, by which roof panels 24 are fastened to the beams 5 of the roof 9. On the webs 26 of the beams 5 there are further fasteners 27 for bars 28 by which the roof 9 is braced. screws with 10.

On the skeleton 3, panels 30, 21, 24 are placed, namely outer panels 30 forming the peripheral walls 17 of the object, roof panels 24 and ceiling panels 21. In the present case, the object is equipped.

and floor panels 29.

The outer panels 30 are supported on the columns 3 by means of brackets 33 with washers 35 in such a way that the straps 33 are engaged by the strips 14 of the columns 3 (Figs. 6 and 7). screws 10 with washers 35 and nuts (Fig. 7>.

The interior space of the assembled object is divided by partitions 36 whose construction can be seen in FIG. 10. The individual partitions 36 consist of a metal frame 37, the horizontal elements 38 of which are anchored in the ceiling panels 21 and in the floor 40. Panels 41. In the partition walls 36 there are built-in distributions 42 and reinforcements 43 for the fixtures 44. The elements 38, 39 of the frame 37 are formed by U-profiles supplemented with wooden chips 45.

The outer panels 30 are of a sandwich design having a perforated foil 46, thermal insulation 47, cement bonded particleboard

48, an additional thermal insulation layer 47, an aeration sheet 49, and a gypsum board 50. The supporting structure of the outer panels 30 is a skeleton of timber chips 51 crosswise on both sides of the cement bonded particleboard 48 (FIG. 6). '>

The roof panels 24 are formed from chipboard and thermal insulation 47. The roof panel 24 is supported by timber profiles 53 on which, after impermeable insulation 79 and roof panel 24 have been fixed, battens 54 are attached to which the roofing 55 is placed (FIG. 7 and 8).

The ceiling panels 21 (Fig. 9) consist of a gypsum board 56, a PVC foil 57, a thermal insulation 47 and a wooden frame 31. After the ceiling panels 21 have been fitted and anchored with screws 10 and screws

20, nuts 34 and washers 35 on the ceiling beams 4.8, a floor is laid on them, which, for example, is considered as deck 63 in the roof space;

The floor 40 of the object (Fig. 5) is laid on a concrete slab and is formed by an insulating foil 61 on which the floor panels 29 are laid. The construction of the floor panels 29 is formed by an airtight foil 63, thermal insulation 47 and cement-bonded particleboard 58. After laying on the floor, the floor panels 29 are either covered with another layer of particle board 52 or are in the kitchen, bathroom and the like. provided with plastic foil, cement screed and tiles or floor covering.

The foundation structure of the prefabricated building comprises a concrete strip 68 on which the foundations under the circumferential walls in which the anchor bolts 7 of the columns 3 are seated are embedded in the blocks 69.

On such a bricked foundation a concrete slab 60 is insulated from the terrain with an insulating foil 61. From the outside of the skeleton 1, a perimeter wall 71 of brick forming the sheathing of the building is laid about 25 cm below the terrain and about cm in front of the outer panels. It is desirable that thermal insulation be inserted between its bottom and the substructure in its lower part of the perimeter wall.

Thermal insulation 72 is also provided at all points of contact of the panels 29, 30, 21, 24, in the cavities of the skeleton structure 1, around windows, doors and the like. The lining of the leak shields 65 can be made with wood or plastic materials 67.

Construction begins with the removal of topsoil and excavation of trenches for foundations. At the bottom of the trenches, a concrete strip 68 is first formed and a part of the foundation structure is lined up from the blocks 69, whereby the space for mounting the anchor bolts is walled up at the anchoring points of the columns 3.

7. These spaces are after installation with anchor bolts 7 concreted with concreting of the base concrete slab 60. All concreted areas are separated from the terrain by an insulating foil

61. At the same time as the foundation structure, the perimeter wall 71 is formed. After the foundation structure has hardened, the skeleton 1 is assembled from the pre-assembled elements to which panels 30,21,24 are fastened with brackets 33 and bolts 10 with nuts 34 and washers 35. The thermal insulation of the joints is covered by gypsum tapes in visible places. The battens 54 are attached to the roof panels 24 and the roofing 55 is laid, the eaves are laid and the cladding is carried out. Partitions 37 and windows and doors are made in the building. Internal installation is carried out in the usual way and is therefore not described in detail. The actual construction is documented by lining the perimeter wall 71 forming the cladding of the prefabricated building.

Industrial applicability

The prefabricated building can be used especially as a family house with increased demands on durability and thermal and acoustic insulation.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS An assembled object, in particular a family house, comprising a load-bearing skeleton and panels fixed thereon, characterized in that the load-bearing skeleton (1) is metal and consists of sections (2), each of which forms a detachable unit with roof beams (5) and it is anchored in the foundation structure (11), the individual sections (2) are connected by ceiling beams (4,8) and on the columns (3) of the skeleton (1) a system of outer panels (30) forming detachable walls (17) while the partition walls (36) form the inner panels (41) provided on the frame (37) anchored in the floor (40) and in the ceiling formed by the ceiling panels (21) mounted on the ceiling beams (4,8). with a joint in front of the outer panels (30) of the peripheral walls (17) and a covering (55) provided on the roof panels Assembled object according to claim 1, characterized in that the frame (37) The partition (36) consists of vertical and horizontal elements (38,39) The profile and the inner panels (41) are screwed onto it. flareliL ·, or » Assembled object according to 8 · Μ 1 JHMf 2, characterized in that the columns (3) of the skeleton (1) are formed from U-profiles which are aligned with each other with a gap (16) between the flanges (13) and which are thus mutually the strips (14) are permanently connected. An assembled object according to 1 or 2 or 3, characterized in that the set of outer panels (30) forming the peripheral walls (17) of the object is fixed to the skeleton (1) by means of yokes (33). locked behind the strips (14 columns (3)). Prefabricated object according to 1 or 2 or 4 or 5, characterized in that the roof beams (5) are of I-profile and are provided on the flanges (25) with fasteners (23) for the roof panels (24) and on the webs (26) with fasteners (27). bracing, wherein the ceiling beams (4,8) are formed on the one hand by U-shaped sections and on the other hand by pairs of L-shaped sections attached to each other and interconnected by a flange with a gap for the screws (20) fastened therebetween. the panels (30) are of the sandwich type and include a perforated film (46), thermal insulation (47), cement-bonded particleboard (48), another layer of thermal insulation (47), aeration film (49) and gypsum board (50), the structure comprises a skeleton of wooden chips (51) arranged in a cross on both sides of the cement-bonded particleboard (48).