RU84544U1 - INSTALLATION OF UNDERSTANDING EXTINGUISHING OF OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS IN TANKS CONTAINING WATER - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for layer-by-layer extinguishing of oil and oil products in reservoirs containing water, having equipment for layer-by-layer extinguishing, installed on a vertical steel tank for dark oil products with a capacity of 5000 m3, characterized in that a set of retractable pipes of various diameters is installed vertically inside the tank on the foam pipe, the upper pipe which is fixed on a plate floating on the surface of the oil and is equipped with wiring with a check valve and foam nozzles.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to extinguishing agents for oil and oil products and can be used in the oil industry to extinguish fires of oil and oil products in large-capacity vertical steel tanks.

The proposed utility model is most applicable when using crude oil. Crude oil refers to a liquid natural fossil mixture of hydrocarbons of a wide physicochemical composition, which contains water, dissolved gas, mineral salts, and mechanical impurities [1].

Known vertical cylindrical steel tank for light petroleum products (RVS) [2]. This tank has a bottom, a wall and a fixed roof. For receiving and dispensing petroleum products, reservoirs of this type have acceptance pipes. From the outside, valves are connected to them. In order to provide “small and large” tank breaths, there is a breathing valve. A metering hatch is installed on the roof of the tank, which serves to measure the level and take fuel samples.

In order to protect the tank from flash or explosion in the presence of fire near (PBC), a fire fuse is installed under the breathing valve. To drain commercial water, a siphon valve is installed in the lower zone of the tank. The siphon valve consists of a pipe with a bent end located inside the tank and a ball valve with a handle mounted on a pipe that does not enter the tank. Also on the tank are monitoring and signaling devices (level gauges, samplers, level indicators, fire fighting devices) and other equipment (manhole, ventilation pipes, safety valves). In accordance with the requirements, surface tanks for storing oil and oil products with a volume of 5000 m ³ and more are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems. In warehouses of the third category, if there are no more than two ground tanks with a volume of 5000 m ^{3, it is} possible to extinguish these tanks with mobile fire equipment, provided that the tanks are equipped with stationary foam generators (foam chambers) and special pipelines that are led out for deboning [3]. Fire fighting can be done in two ways:

1. The filing of medium-frequency foam on top of the tank on a layer of burning oil or oil product.

2. Submission of foam of low multiplicity under the layer of oil or oil product.

Foam fire extinguishing installations of medium multiplicity from the top of the tank to the oil layer in most cases do not provide fire extinguishing in the initial stage due to damage to the foam injection nodes from the primary explosion.

The closest in technical essence is the intended utility model vertical steel tank for oil and dark oil volume 5000 m ³ equipped with a subsurface extinguishing installation. [2]. This tank has the same equipment as the tank for light petroleum products. In order to effectively separate water from oil, as well as to store and dispense viscous oil products, tanks for dark oil products are equipped with internal sectional heaters. The standards of technological design for heating oil provides for the use of saturated water vapor and hot water. Heaters are located at the bottom of the tank. The use of internal heaters allows you to speed up the process of separating water from oil, which can occur continuously. At the same time, the water level can reach 3 meters or more. In order to optimize the process of simultaneous pumping of oil and water, a reservoir has been developed for storing the delivery and separation of crude oil from water [4]. The water level visually, without rising to the tank, can be determined using a measuring device to determine the water level in tanks designed for oil and viscous petroleum products [5].

The sublayer extinguishing installation of the tanks contains a foam conduit with a wiring, valves, a foam generator, a safety membrane, a check valve. The sublayer extinguishing method is associated with the use of special types of foaming agents that form a foam, mixes little with oil and oil products, and form water films that spontaneously spread on the surface of the fuel. Foaming jet, getting into the oil, due to lower density floats to a burning surface. At the same time, the rise of the foam depends on the height of the level of oil and oil product. The height of the tank with a capacity of 5000 m ³ depending on the diameter is from 12 to 15 meters. If, when rising upwards, the foam meets water, then it dissolves in it to a certain concentration of saturation.

The disadvantages of the installation of sublayer quenching of tanks for oil and oil products are:

1. Low extinguishing efficiency when a foam jet passes through a layer of water.

2. Deterioration in the quality of oil and oil products when passing through their layer of foam jet.

3. The presence of a certain time period of foam rising to the surface of the oil product, which leads to an increase in the area of the fire and an increase in material damage.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of extinguishing fires of oil and oil products with water content in vertical steel tanks of large capacity.

A solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a sub-layer fire extinguishing installation with additional equipment is installed on the tank for dark oil products with a capacity of 5000 m ³ . In particular, a set of telescopic, retractable pipes of various diameters is mounted on the foam pipe located inside the tank. The upper tube of the kit, rigidly connected to a floating plate, is equipped with wiring and foam nozzles. A floating saucer is constantly on the surface of the oil or oil product. With an increase in the level of oil product, the set of telescopic tubes extends and increases in height, and with a decrease in the level of combustible pipes, the tubes of the set shift and decrease in size. It should be noted that the layout of the upper pipe with foam nozzles at any level of oil is always in the upper layer of fuel, which allows you to feed the foam stream in the shortest possible time to the upper level of the oil. In this case, the foam will not come into contact with water, and the passage of the oil product will be reduced to a minimum layer with a height of 5-10 centimeters.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of extinguishing oil and oil products containing water in high-temperature storage tanks is increased, and the loss of fuel quality is minimized.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3), which depict: the tank in the context in the initial and working position, as well as a section of a set of retractable pipes with a floating plate.

1, 2 shows a tank 1 having a receiving pipe 2 and pipe 3, valves 4, breathing valve 5, light and metering hatches 6, 7, ventilation pipe 8, manhole 9, internal sectional heaters 10, foam 11, equipped with gate valves 12, non-return valve 13, a safety membrane 14 and a foam generator 15.

At the end of the foam pipe, a set of telescopic telescopic tubes of various diameters 16 mounted on a floating plate 17 is mounted vertically. the wiring is installed check valve 21 (figure 3).

The utility model works as follows. Through the intake pipe 2, pipe 3 and the corresponding valve 4, the oil enters the tank. Using internal heaters 10, hot steam is supplied to the PBC. A water layer 22 and an oil layer 23 are formed in the tank. When oil ignites, the foaming agent solution is supplied to the tank using a stationary source or a mobile tanker. At the same time, the gate valves 12, the check valve 13 of the foam pipe 11 open, the membrane 14 is activated under pressure. The foaming solution passes the foam generator 15 and enters the set of pull-out pipes 16, wiring 18. After this, the check valve 21 opens and the foam stream enters the upper through the foam nozzles 19 oil layer 23. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the oil surface and forms a foam layer 24 on the surface of the burning oil product. As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire ceases.

It should be noted that the proposed utility model allows you to extinguish the fire in a shorter time, to minimize both the loss of quality of the oil product and foaming agent, as well as to extinguish the fire with a large amount of water in the tank.

Literature

1. GOST R 51858 Oil. General specifications. M .: GOSSTANDART, 2002.

2. L. A. Matskin et al. Operation of oil depots. M .: NEDRA, 1975 - 392 p.

3. Fire and explosion protection. Tutorial. Part 1. - Novogorsk; AGZ EMERCOM of Russia, 2003 - 274 p.

4. I.A. Elansky, Yu.A. Matveev. Utility Model Patent No. 62909. A tank for storing, dispensing and separating crude oil from water.

5. Yu.A. Matveev et al. Patent for utility model No. 66035. Measuring device for determining the water level in tanks designed for oil and viscous petroleum products.

Claims (1)

Installation for layer-by-layer extinguishing of oil and oil products in tanks containing water, having equipment for layer-by-layer extinguishing, installed on a vertical steel tank for dark oil products with a capacity of 5000 m ³ , characterized in that a set of retractable pipes of various diameters is installed vertically inside the tank on the foam pipe, the top whose pipe is mounted on a plate floating on the surface of the oil and is equipped with wiring with a check valve and foam nozzles.