RU147941U1 - COMPLEX INSTALLATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING OF OIL FIRES IN VERTICAL STEEL TANKS AND THEIR DUMPING USING STATIONARY FOAM LIFTERS - Google Patents

Abstract

Comprehensive installation for extinguishing oil fires in vertical steel tanks and deboning them using stationary foam lifts, characterized in that the tank is equipped with a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a tank with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for releasing gas-dispersed foam disperse mixtures, , a foam conduit connected to a metering unit and rigidly connected to a wiring conduit mounted on a floating t atelka, and foam nozzles, while the foam lifter, foam pipe and gas pipeline have separate solenoid valves, for simultaneous or separate supply of foam and gas-dispersed mixture.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to the means of extinguishing oil and oil products, and can be used in the oil industry to extinguish oil fires in vertical steel tanks (RVS) of large capacity with a volume of 5000 to 50,000 m ³ .

Oil in its composition contains a certain amount of water. According to statistics, 80% of oil fires were accompanied by boiling, and 25% of such fires were accompanied by emissions [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.]. When boiling, the temperature in the tank rises sharply. Oil emissions from the burning tank occur at the moment when all the fuel warms up, and its temperature at the oil-water phase separation reaches 200 ° C. Moreover, the duration of oil emissions from the reservoir can be from 3 seconds to 7 minutes [Terebnev V.V., Podgrushny A.V. Fire tactics. Fire fighting basics. Yekaterinburg: Kalan Publishing House, 2010 - 512 p.]. Oil emissions can lead to destruction of the tank roof.

Known vertical cylindrical steel tank for oil and oil products [Zaichenko V.N. The operation of military depots and fuel bases. M .: TSNIIT: Enneftekhim, 2004 - 420 p.]. This tank has a bottom, a wall and a fixed roof. For receiving and dispensing petroleum products, reservoirs of this type have acceptance pipes. From the outside, valves are connected to them. In order to provide “small” and “large” tank breaths, there is a breathing valve. A metering hatch is installed on the roof of the tank, which serves to measure the level and take samples of oil products and a device for detecting fire (temperature sensor).

In order to protect the tank from flash or explosion in the presence of fire, a fire fuse is installed under the breathing valve. Also on the tank are monitoring and signaling devices (level gauges, samplers, level indicators) and other equipment (manhole, ventilation pipes, safety valves). In accordance with the requirements, surface tanks for storing oil and oil products with a volume of 5000 m ³ and more are equipped with automatic fire extinguishing systems. In warehouses of the third category, if there are no more than two ground tanks with a volume of 5000 m ^{3, it is} possible to extinguish these tanks with mobile fire equipment, provided that the tanks are equipped with stationary foam generators (foam chambers, foam nozzles) and special pipelines that have been bled out [Guide for extinguishing oil and oil products in tanks and tank farms. - M. GUGPS, 1999.].

Also known is the installation of sublayer quenching of oil products with a floating plate and a dosing unit to increase the resistance of the foam [Matveev Yu.A., Kuznetsov VA, Rogatkina N.A. Utility Model Patent No. 138387 of 03/10/2014. Installation of sublayer quenching of petroleum products with a floating plate and a dosing unit to increase foam resistance].

This installation consists of a floating plate, which moves vertically along the support pipe, due to a change in the fuel level. A piping with foam nozzles is rigidly mounted to the floating plate. A metal flexible hose is connected to the piping, which is connected to the foam conduit inside the tank. The foam line is equipped with a foam generator, valves and a check valve. A metering unit is connected to the foam pipe, including a pipe with a pump and a container with liquid to increase foam resistance at high temperatures.

Installation works as follows. When a fuel ignites, a foaming solution mixed with a dosing liquid using a stationary source, or a moving tank truck is fed into the tank. At the same time, the valves, check valve, solenoid valve of the foam pipe open. The foaming solution passes through the foam generator and enters the metal flexible sleeve, piping and wiring. After this, the check valve opens, and the foam stream through the foam nozzles enters the upper layer of the oil product. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a foam layer above the level of the burning oil product. As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire stops.

The disadvantages of installing a sublayer extinguishing of petroleum products with a floating plate and a dosing unit to increase the resistance of the foam are:

1. The lack of the ability to extinguish oil and petroleum products in case of fire inside the bunker of the tank.

2. The inability to extinguish with the simultaneous supply of foam from the bottom and top of the tank.

3. The inability to extinguish oil and oil products using a gas dispersed mixture.

Also known is the invention "Method of extinguishing a fire in tanks" [V. Seliverstov. et al. Patent for invention No. 2241508. Method for extinguishing a fire in tanks. M .: FIPS. 10.12. 2004].

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that fire extinguishing in tanks with flammable and combustible liquids (LVF, GF) is carried out by supplying a fire extinguishing gas-dispersed mixture (GDS) into the combustion zone from bottom to top, formed by supplying gaseous and / or gas pressure liquefied gas phlegmatizer and / or gaseous and / or liquefied homogeneous combustion inhibitor in a container with a powdered or liquid heterogeneous combustion inhibitor having a valve that allows the discharge of GDS upon reaching and pressure in the tank is not lower than 0.42 kPa. The discharge of the gas-dispersed mixture is carried out through a perforated atomizer or through several atomizers, which provide atomization of the gas distribution system by 180 ° in the direction parallel to the surface of the burning liquid and in the upper hemisphere above the surface of the liquid. The mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the extinguishing mixture is from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1. Thus as the gas component HDS an inert gas (CO _2, N _2, A _r, or a mixture thereof) and / or ozononerazrushayuschy halide, and as a heterogeneous combustion inhibitor using extinguishing powder composition based on carbonates and / or chlorides or alkali phosphates, and / or alkaline earth metal and / or ammonium or a fog-forming solution of phosphoric acid. In this case, the supply of GDS is carried out simultaneously from the generators of this mixture floating on the surface of the flammable liquor or GJ located along the perimeter of the tank and in its center, and the resulting horizontal spray vector of the peripheral generators is directed to the center, and the central ones to the periphery. The invention provides increased safety extinguishing while reducing the specific consumption of extinguishing agent.

The disadvantages of the invention "Method of extinguishing a fire in tanks" are:

1. The complexity of the installation, a large number of generators of the dispersed mixture floating on the surface of the oil.

2. The complexity and high cost of devices installing generators of a dispersed mixture on the surface of an oil product.

3. The lack of gas dispersed mixture on top of the tank.

4. The inability to extinguish the fire in the bunding.

The closest in technical essence of the proposed utility model is the installation of fire extinguishing in vertical steel tanks and their debris with a device to prevent explosion during heating of the oil product [Matveev Yu.A., Antonova A.I., Lavrinenko D.F., Yakhont V.V. Utility Model Patent No. 134057 of November 10, 2013. Installation for extinguishing fires in vertical steel tanks and their debris with a device to prevent explosion when heating the oil product].

In this installation, a vertical steel tank has a deboning and a foam pipe equipped with valves, a non-return valve, an electromagnetic valve, with a manual opening and closing device, as well as a foam generator.

The foam conduit is rigidly connected with a flexible metal sleeve to the wiring conduit with a check valve and foam nozzles. The wiring is connected to a floating plate, which is mounted on a stationary support pipe connected to the roof and bottom of the tank.

The floating plate moves vertically in the upper layer of oil through the pipe due to a change in the level of fuel in the tank.

Foam sections are connected to the foam line. The first section of the foam is rigidly connected to the annular internal foam with the upper foam nozzles. This section of the foam is equipped with a solenoid valve. The second section of the foam is connected with an annular external foam with lower foam nozzles. This section of the foam is also equipped with a solenoid valve. In order to prevent the explosion of fuel in the tank and to reduce the pressure of the vapor-air mixture from heating by a flame of fire in a collapse or an adjacent PBC, the tank is equipped with an additional breathing valve with increased capacity.

The utility model works as follows. In case of ignition of the fuel, the foaming agent solution is supplied to the reservoir using a stationary source or a mobile tanker. At the same time, the valves, check valve, solenoid valve of the foam pipe open. The foaming solution passes through the foam generator and enters the metal flexible sleeve, piping and wiring. After this, the check valve opens, and the foam stream through the foam nozzles enters the upper layer of the oil product. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a foam layer above the level of the burning oil product.

At the same time, through the foam section, the solenoid valve foam is fed into the annular internal foam and through the upper foam nozzles enters the tank.

As a result of the formation of a foam layer and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire stops.

Also, simultaneously through the foam section, the solenoid valve foam is fed into the annular external foam and through the lower foam nozzles enters the deboning.

In the event of a fire in a boulder or in an adjacent PBC and heating of fuel in the tank, the pressure of the vapor-air mixture will increase significantly. In this case, the air-vapor mixture will exit through the breathing valve and the increased-performance breathing valve, thereby preventing the explosion of heated oil in the tank and the destruction of the PBC.

The disadvantages of the installation of extinguishing fires in vertical steel tanks and their debris with a device to prevent explosion during heating of the oil product are:

1. Low efficiency of extinguishing a fire of burning oil in some areas with insufficient foam.

2. Long fire extinguishing compared to gas extinguishing installations.

3. The lack of high-performance valve for oil emissions when it boils in the tank.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of extinguishing oil fires inside vertical steel tanks of large capacity, as well as in the bunding around these tanks.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the tank is equipped with a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a container with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for discharging a gas-dispersed mixture, stationary foam lifters with foam chambers, a foam pipeline connected to the metering unit and rigidly connected to the pipeline fixed on a floating plate and foam nozzles, while the foam lifter, foam pipe and gas pipeline have separate solenoid valves, for simultaneous or separate supply of foam and gas-dispersed mixture.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of oil quenching in large-capacity storage tanks, in the bunding, on the roof of the tank increases, and the quenching time is also significantly reduced.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), which depict: a section of a tank with a combined extinguishing unit and with bunding in the initial and working position, as well as a section of a support pipe with a floating plate.

In FIG. 1, 2 shows a tank 1 having a receiving pipe 2 and a pipe 3, a valve 4, a breathing valve 5, a light and metering hatches 6, 7, a ventilation pipe 8, a manhole 9, a foam pipe 10, equipped with valves 11, a check valve 12, an electromagnetic valve 13, with a manual opening and closing device 14, a communication line 15 and a starting device 16, as well as a foam generator 17.

The foam conduit is rigidly connected by a metal flexible sleeve 18 to the conduit 19 of the wiring 20 with a non-return valve 21 and foam nozzles 22. The wiring is connected to a floating plate 23, which is mounted by means of the opening 24 on a stationary support pipe 25 connected to the roof and the bottom of the tank. Check valves are designed to prevent oil from entering the wiring, flexible metal sleeve and foam.

The floating plate moves vertically in the upper layer of oil 26 through the pipe by changing the level of fuel in the tank.

In order to strengthen the design of the tank, the support pipe is rigidly connected by trusses 27 with the side walls of the tank.

In order to prevent oil spills, the tank 1 is equipped with a collapse 28.

A metering unit is connected to the foam duct 10, including a duct 29, a check valve 12, a pump 30, and a container 31 into which the metering fluid 32 is poured. As the metering fluid, fluorine-containing quaternary ammonium salt iodide is used, which is a waxy product of light brown color, hydroscopic, soluble in alcohols. This organofluorine compound in the summer is soluble in water, and in the winter in alcohol. Dosing liquid is designed to increase foam resistance at high temperatures.

Stationary foam lifters 33 are connected to the foam conduit 10, and in the upper part they are equipped with foam chambers 34 for extinguishing a fire on the roof of the tank and in the bunding. Stationary foam lifters 33 are equipped with solenoid valves 13.

Also, a gas pipe 35 is connected to the tank 1, which is intended for supplying a dispersed gas (GDS) to the RVS, which is formed by supplying at least 2 MPa from the isothermal module 36 with a liquefied carbon dioxide shut-off device 37 to a container 38 with an extinguishing powder composition, having a valve 39, which provides the release of GDS when the pressure in the tank is not lower than 0.42 KPa. The discharge of the gas-dispersed mixture is carried out through nozzles 40, providing spraying of the GDS 41 in the tank above the surface of the oil.

Fire extinguishing powder composition includes a finely dispersed additive, a targeted additive for fluidity, an organosilicon water-repellent agent and a basic powdery combustion inhibitor, which uses alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates. Silicon oxide is used as a highly dispersed additive.

The mass ratio between the gas and dispersed phases of the extinguishing mixture is from 0.2: 1 to 15: 1. The gas pipeline 35 is rigidly connected to the annular internal gas pipeline 42 on which nozzles 40 are fixed for the production of gas distribution systems. The gas line 35 is equipped with a solenoid valve 13.

In order to prevent destruction, the tank is equipped with an additional high-performance breathing valve 43.

The utility model works as follows.

When a fuel ignites, a foaming solution mixed with a dosing liquid using a stationary source, or a moving tank truck is fed into the tank. At the same time, the gate valves 11, the check valve 12, the electromagnetic valve 13 of the foam conduit 10 open. The foaming solution passes the foam generator 17 and enters the metal flexible sleeve 18, the pipe 19 and the wiring 20. After that, the check valve 21 opens and the foam jet through the foam nozzles 22 enters the upper layer of oil 26. Then, due to the lower density, the foam jet enters the surface of the fuel and lubricant and forms a layer of foam 44 above the level of the burning oil.

At the same time, through stationary foam lifts 33, solenoid valves 13, the foam is fed into the foam chambers 34 to extinguish the fire on the roof of the tank and in the boulder 28. As a result of the formation of the foam layer and the termination of the access of oxygen from the air, the fire ceases.

Also, simultaneously through the gas pipeline 35 from the isothermal module 36, carbon dioxide is supplied through the shut-off and start device 37 through a container 38 with a fire extinguishing powder composition. Then opens the valve 39, which provides the supply of the GDS 41 to the inner annular gas line 42 and nozzles 40 for the release of the GDS. After that, the gas-dispersed mixture enters the tank. A mixture of carbon dioxide and powder composition in density is heavier than air and air-vapor mixture in the tank.

As a result of the formation of layers of foam and a gas-dispersed mixture and the cessation of access to air oxygen, the fire ceases.

In case of high temperature, smoke and the inability of the operator to work near the tank, the solenoid valves are opened using an electric motor. For this, the operator turns on the starting device 16. If the fire occurs only in the tank, the solenoid valves 13 of the stationary foam lifts 33 do not open.

In the event of a fire, only in the deboning, the electromagnetic valve 13 of the foam conduit 10 does not open, and the foaming solution mixed with the dosing fluid through the open solenoid valves 13 of the stationary foam lifts 33 and foam chambers 34 enters the debris 28.

It should be noted that the proposed utility model is reliable in operation and allows you to extinguish the fire in a shorter time, both in the tank and on its roof, and in the bunding.

Claims (1)

Integrated installation for extinguishing oil fires in vertical steel tanks and deboning them using stationary foam lifts, characterized in that the tank is equipped with a gas pipeline equipped with an isothermal module with carbon dioxide, a tank with a fire extinguishing powder composition, an annular gas pipeline with nozzles for the release of gas dispersed mixtures with stationary dispersed mixtures, foam chambers, a foam conduit connected to a dosing unit and rigidly connected to a wiring conduit mounted on a floating t atelka, and foam nozzles, while the foam lifter, foam pipe and gas pipeline have separate solenoid valves, for simultaneous or separate supply of foam and gas-dispersed mixture.

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