RU69202U1 - INSTALLATION FOR PROCESSING THE ORGANIC PART OF HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE - Google Patents

Abstract

The unit is designed for the processing of the organic part of household and industrial waste, can be used in utilities and for solving private environmental problems. The processing method involves the thermal decomposition of the organic part of the waste in an environment of superheated water vapor at a temperature of 250-600 ° C and a pressure of up to 0.07 MPa. As a result of the destruction of organic waste, the following are formed: 1. gaseous hydrocarbons, 2. a wide fraction of liquid hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 45-380 ° C, 3. carbonaceous solid residue. The installation allows you to separate the organic part of the waste, plant, animal and synthetic origin, from the total volume containing metals, glass, stones, etc., while significantly reducing the volume of waste disposal, receiving in the solid residue environmentally friendly disinfected product.

Description

The unit is designed for the processing of the organic part of household and industrial waste, can be used in utilities and for solving private environmental problems. The processing method involves the thermal decomposition of the organic part of the waste in an environment of superheated water vapor at a temperature of 250-600 ° C and a pressure of up to 0.07 MPa. As a result of the destruction of organic waste, the following are formed: 1. gaseous hydrocarbons, 2. a wide fraction of liquid hydrocarbons with a boiling range of 45-380 ° C, 3. carbonaceous solid residue. The installation allows you to separate the organic part of the waste, plant, animal and synthetic origin, from the total volume containing metals, glass, stones, etc., while significantly reducing the volume of waste disposal, receiving in the solid residue environmentally friendly disinfected product.

The installation relates to the processing technology of organic compounds of natural and synthetic origin and can be used to solve utility and environmental problems.

A known method of processing organic waste to produce liquid and gaseous fuels, the solid phase is treated with water vapor to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen (Alekseev G.M., Petrov V.N. Industrial methods of sanitary cleaning of cities, L., Stroyizdat, 1983, p. 14-15).

The disadvantage of this method is the high energy consumption, since the pyrolysis temperature is 1500 ° C, and a large amount of harmful waste is released.

A known method of thermochemical processing of organic raw materials into fuel components and installation for its implementation, RF patent No. 2275416, the process of periodic action is carried out in the presence of a catalyst using gas containing hydrocarbon components, which is used as a coolant. This installation was chosen by us as a prototype. Installation for thermochemical processing of organic raw materials into fuel components, containing a means for loading raw materials, a reactor for thermochemical processing, a device for preparing a gaseous coolant and a device for introducing a gaseous coolant into a reactor, a vapor-gas mixture separation system, a means for unloading carbonaceous solid residue, in our opinion, has the following disadvantages: 1. the frequency of action significantly reduces productivity, 2. the heat carrier of roads and increases the fire hazard, 3 with catalyst enenie complicated and expensive process.

The task set by the authors was to develop an economically rational technology for the destruction of the organic part of household and industrial waste. For this purpose, we used the method of high-temperature thermolysis of organic compounds with superheated water vapor at a pressure of no higher than 0.07 MPa.

It was established by calculation that the total amount of heat required for the decomposition of organic waste is about 120-150 kJ / kg. Based on this, and also taking into account the obtained experimental data, it was found that significant heat losses in the technological process of thermal processing of organic waste are lost when cooling solid decomposition products to 100-150 ° С i.e. carbon solid residue, when

cooling and condensation of gaseous degradation products, as well as heat transfer from the source to the reactor. The processing of organic household and industrial wastes is carried out at a temperature exposure to them with a source of infrared radiation in a circulating medium at a speed of 0.01-3.5 cubic meters / min. a stream of water vapor and / or gas to obtain a carbonaceous solid residue, a liquid and gaseous fraction of the processed organic waste and residues of the inorganic part of the waste. Water vapor and / or gas is heated in a convector-superheater located directly inside the reactor. Installation for thermochemical processing of organic raw materials into fuel components (Figure 1) contains a means for loading raw materials (1), a reactor for thermochemical processing (2), a device for preparing gaseous heat carrier (3), a separation system for gas-vapor mixture (4), a carbon discharge solid residue and inorganic part of the waste (5), conveyor for moving waste in the reactor (6), infrared radiation source (7), solid residue separation device (8). The processing of the organic part of household and industrial wastes is carried out by direct thermal exposure to them with an infrared radiation source located inside the reactor in a medium circulating at a speed of 0.01-3.5 cubic meters per minute. a stream of water vapor and / or gas. The input, output and transfer of waste in the reactor is carried out by the conveyor method in a continuous mode. Inside the thermally insulated reactor (2) there is an infrared radiation source (7), and at a distance of 30-1000 mm. a steam heater pipe is mounted from the radiation source, in which the ratio of the diameters of the inlet D1 and the outlet D2 of the holes varies within the limits of D1 / D2 = 1 / 1.1-1 / 10 ". The diameter of the pipe gradually increases along the entire length of the pipeline from the entrance to the reactor to its

end part, this allows at almost atmospheric pressure to obtain water vapor and / or gas with a temperature of up to 600 ° C.

The processed waste moving along the grating conveyor 6 is loaded and unloaded from the reactor through devices (1,5), the design of which ensures tightness and preventing contact of the reaction mass with atmospheric oxygen. The reactor (2), made in the form of a thermally insulated stainless steel retort, is equipped with a thermometer (10) and a manometer (9). As a source of infrared radiation, a pipe made of stainless or heat-resistant steel with a burner located inside, or electric heating elements, are used. The installation has a device for separating the solid residue of waste processing and a device for introducing the adsorbent and / or catalyst into the gas-vapor mixture leaving the reactor (11).

The operation of the installation is illustrated by the following example.

Household waste 150 kg. evenly loaded through a device equipped with a sealed buffer chamber-dispenser with a purge of heated inert gas, which then enter the gutter of the trellised conveyor (6). The burner of the infrared radiation source (7) is turned on, to which the natural gas pipeline is connected, and water vapor is supplied to the convector-superheater (3), coming through the pipeline from the boiler room with a pressure of 0.03 MPa. At a temperature in the reactor of 300 ° C, a conveyor drive and an activated carbon feed device are included (11). The pressure and temperature in the reactor are controlled by a manometer (9) and a thermometer (10) mounted on the reactor, the set parameters are adjusted (pressure not higher than 0.07 MPa, temperature 250-580 ° C) by supplying steam to the superheater (3) and supplying natural gas entering the burner. Hydrocarbon degradation products formed during the reaction are discharged into the system in the gas-vapor phase

separation of the vapor-gas mixture (4). A solid product for processing household waste is recovered consisting of a carbon solid residue and an inorganic part of the waste through an unloading means (5) equipped with a buffer chamber with a cold inert gas purge. The cooled components of the waste are separated, for their further use, in the device (8) into fractions: carbonaceous residue, metal, glass, stone.

The volume of household garbage loaded into the installation was 2.4 cubic meters, the volume of solid residue discharged was 0.42 cubic meters.

The composition and yield of degradation products of the organic part of household waste amounted to% wt.:

1. Hydrocarbon gas 3-10% 2. Hydrocarbon fraction 65-180 ° C 12-20% 3. The hydrocarbon fraction of 180-360 ° C 16-30% 4. Carbon solid residue 20-40% 6. Losses 5-10%

The proposed installation for the processing of the organic part of domestic and industrial waste has the following advantages:

1. rational use of mass-heat transfer processes in technology has allowed to reduce specific energy consumption per unit of finished products, 2. a closed process cycle can reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, 3. the use of water vapor significantly increases fire safety and explosion safety, 4. simplicity and adaptability of the reactor design, 5. the solid residue of waste processing is environmentally friendly; 6. the use of hydrocarbons in the process as energy carriers reduces the cost of processing ku.

Claims (5)

1. Installation for thermochemical processing of organic raw materials into fuel components, containing a means for loading raw materials, a reactor for thermochemical processing, a device for preparing a gaseous coolant and a device for introducing a gaseous coolant into a reactor, a vapor-gas mixture separation system, a means for unloading carbonaceous solid residue, characterized in that the processing of the organic part of household and industrial wastes is carried out by direct thermal exposure to them with an infrared source radiation located inside the reactor in a medium circulating at a speed of 0.01-3.5 m ³ / min stream of water vapor and / or gas. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the input, output and movement of waste in the reactor is carried out by a conveyor method in a continuous mode. 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device for separating the solid residue of waste processing. 4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the overheating of water vapor and / or gas is carried out in a pipeline with a varying inner diameter located inside the reactor. 5. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a device for introducing adsorbent and / or catalyst into the gas-vapor mixture exiting the reactor.