RU68586U1 - HYDROMECHANICAL PUNCH PERFORATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The perforator is designed to create perforations in the production casing, cement stone and rock. In the case, consisting of five parts (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), there is a plunger-piston (11) and a retractable cutting tool made in the form of cutting disks (22) mounted on the axes (21) with an extension mechanism including rocker arms (20) mounted on the central axis (19), in the shoulders of the rocker arms (20) there are mounted axes (21) of the cutting discs, while the rocker arms are rotatable using a plunger-piston (11), and the hydraulic nozzles (18). The center distance from the central axis (19) of the lower cutting disc is greater than the center distance to the central axis of the upper cutting disc, is determined by the diameter of the column, and is selected in the ratio of 1.15-1.25, which provides improved operating technology and increased productivity due to a sufficient exit of the lower cutting disc beyond the operational the column. 2 s.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of drilling and well operation, in particular, to a device for creating perforations in the casing, cement stone and rock.

The prior art hydromechanical borehole perforator containing a housing, a cutting tool in the form of a rolling disk, a hydraulic nozzle, a hollow rod filter located in two hydraulic cylinders, a piston-pusher with hydraulic channels associated with the axis of the rolling disk located in the guide grooves of the side plates, which cover a wedge groove containing removable plates (patent RU No. 2182221 C1. IPC7 E21 B 43/114, 05/10/2002.).

With a unilateral impact of the cutting tool on the production casing, additional efforts are required, since when the device is pressed against it, it is necessary to overcome the friction forces when moving the device up and down, which leads to rapid wear.

In addition, due to the complexity of the design of the device, its reliability and manufacturability during operation are reduced.

The closest analogue, selected as a prototype, is a slotted hydromechanical Hammer, according to the patent RU No. 2249678, C2, IPC E 21 B 43/112.

The perforator contains a housing, a piston-pusher placed therein and a retractable cutting tool made in the form of cutting discs with an extension mechanism mounted on the axes, with the possibility of cutting diametrically located slots in the column by the cutting discs, while the disk extension mechanism includes rockers mounted on the central axis, in the shoulders of which the axes of the cutting discs are installed in the holes and

which are made with the possibility of rotation when moving the plunger piston, hydraulic nozzles.

The disadvantage of this punch is the inability to achieve the required width of the diametrically opposite slit in the production casing from the second cutting disc and the complete absence of its formation during prolonged operation of the punch, because the shoulder of the forces of the first cutting disc is greater than that of the second cutting disc and intensive wear of the discs is observed, which often does not allow the second cutting disc to go beyond the outer wall of the production casing.

Another disadvantage of the perforator is the inefficient treatment of the bottomhole zone during the hydromonitoring treatment of cement stone and rock behind the column, because the pressure that the pipes withstand and the hammer is not enough to destroy the rocks.

In addition, hydraulic nozzles made of insufficiently strong material, for example, metal, have low wear resistance, and, in the case of using a hydroabrasive opening fluid, quickly wear out and fail.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to improve the technology of perforation and provide increased productivity.

The technical result that the present invention provides is to change the design of the cutting unit, in particular, to change the ratio of the axial distances of the upper and lower cutting disks from the central axis, to use hydroabrasive liquid as an opening fluid, as well as to use more durable hydraulic nozzles.

To solve the problem in a well-known perforated hydromechanical slotted drill containing a housing, a pusher-piston placed therein and a retractable cutting tool in the form of cutting disks mounted on the axes with a mechanism for their extension, with the possibility of cutting two diametrically located slots,

wherein the mechanism for sliding the disks includes rocker arms mounted on a central axis, in the shoulders of which axes of the cutting discs are mounted, while the rocker arms are rotatable when the plunger piston is moved, and the hydraulic nozzles, according to a utility model, the ratio of axial distances to the central axis of the lower and upper cutting discs are determined by the diameter of the production casing and is respectively 1.15-1.25. Besides:

- hydraulic nozzles are made of hard alloy metals or ceramics, or using stone;

- hydroabrasive fluid is used as an opening fluid.

Increasing the distance between the axis of the lower disk and the axis of the punch allows the lower disk to reach a much greater distance compared to the prototype, and, therefore, guarantee the size of the slit obtained from the lower disk, which significantly improves the perforation technology.

The manufacture of hydraulic nozzles from high-strength materials allows the use of hydro-abrasive fluid, which, ceteris paribus, can reliably destroy, for example, cement stone behind the production casing.

The proposed slotted hydromechanical hammer drill is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 - schematic representation of the device in its original position (vertical section); figure 2 is a schematic illustration of a cutting unit explaining the operation of the device; figure 3 is a transverse section aa of figure 1.

The hydromechanical slotted rotary hammer contains a housing consisting of five parts: poses: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, where 1 is a coupling for connecting tubing, in which a shear circulation valve 6 and shear pins 7. upper cylinder 2 is located

spring-loaded piston 9 spring 9 with a hollow rod filter 10 associated with the piston-pusher 11.

The upper hydraulic cylinder 2 is connected to the lower hydraulic cylinder 3, in which a medium separator 12 is placed, which is a support for the spring 8 and seals the upper and lower hydraulic cylinders, and the rod filter 10 between themselves, which has a central channel with a seat for the ball valve 13, overlapping the central flushing channel 14 of the piston-pusher 11. The upper part of the piston-pusher 11 (piston) of circular cross section is equipped with a device for fixing the lower end of the spring 15, the upper end of which is fixed by the device 16 located in the upper part ti cylinder 3 and the lower part of the piston-pusher 11 is formed as a wedge plug.

In the piston-pusher 11 there are three hydraulic channels: a central flushing 14 and two side-17, the lower ends of which are equipped with hydraulic nozzles 18. The housing 4 of the cutting unit is connected to the lower hydraulic cylinder 3. In the housing 4 there is a central axis 19 on which the rocker arms 20 in the form of two shaped plates, between which the cutting discs 22 are located on the axes 21.

The rocker arms 20 at their ends contact in the upper part with the wedge fork of the piston-pusher 11, and in the lower part - with the wedge support-fork 23, which is connected with the piston-pusher 11 using two rods with grooves (not shown in the figure) for the central axis 19.

The device operates as follows.

On the string of tubing (tubing), the perforator is lowered into the well to the place of perforation. After installing the device in the well, direct washing of the pipe cavities and the device cavity from scale and mechanical impurities that enter the pipe cavity during geophysical work on binding the device to the cutting interval is carried out. Then a small diameter ball of 19 mm is lowered into the pipe cavity, which, passing through

the tubing suspension, the shear circulation valve 6, the hollow rod filter 10, is lowered into the seat 13 of the piston - the piston rod of the rod filter 10 and closes the central washing channel 14 of the piston-follower 11. Then, the hydroabrasive liquid is poured into the tubing through the hydraulic nozzle 18 and create operating pressure by pump unit. When creating a working pressure in the pipe cavity, the liquid medium acts on the piston 9, simultaneously passing through the holes in the rod filter 10, acts on the cavity of the lower hydraulic cylinder 3, translationally moving the pistons 9 and 11. Acting on the piston-pusher 11, which moves translationally along the axis device, the latter with its wedge fork turns through the axis 19 of the rocker arm 20 and pushes the cutting unit with the cutting discs 22 to the stop with the production casing.

Creating a step pressure from 1.0 to 8.0 MPa in the tubing cavity, the device is moved up and down, gradually cutting the cutting disks 22 into the wall of the production string.

After the formation of perforation gaps in the production casing, the pressure in the pipe cavity is raised to 20 MPa, realizing the hydro-monitor effect of the jets. The jets of a water-abrasive mixture, for example, with sand, leaving the hydraulic nozzles at a high speed, destroy the cement stone and the rock behind the production string under the action of strong pressure. Thus, there is a guaranteed washing of the cavity along the entire length of the gap. After washing the cavity, the pressure in the pipes is reduced to atmospheric pressure and the perforator is raised.

An example of a specific implementation is illustrated using figure 2-3., Where:

h ₁ - output of the upper cutting disc;

h ₂ - output of the lower cutting disc;

l ₁ - the center distance of the upper cutting disc (80 mm);

l ₂ - the center distance of the lower cutting disc (96 mm);

S is the wall thickness of the production casing (10 mm);

t is a one-way gap between the perforator and the inner wall of the column (t = (146-2S) -Dn);

Dn - punch diameter (115 mm).

R is the radius of the blade (57 mm).

Rp - working stroke of the cutting disc (28 mm).

In existing drills, the center distance of both cutting discs are equal (prototype).

The prototype uses a pair of rockers with a center distance of the upper and lower cutting discs and a central axis equal to 80 mm ..

The distance from the Central axis of the punch to the top of the disks in the working position is l ₁ = l ₂ = 28 + Rp = 28 + 57 = 85 mm.

When a gap is formed, the upper cutting disc extends to a maximum distance outside the outer diameter of the production string, because the absence of the impact of forces on the lower cutting disc allows you to move the punch to contact with the inner diameter of the column.

The output of the upper cutting disc will be:

h ₁ = 85-1 / 2Dn-S = 85-115 / 2-10 = 17.5 mm.

The output of the lower cutting disc will be:

h ₂ = 85-1 / 2Dn-tS, where t = (146-2S) -Dn = (146-20) -115-11 mm, then

h ₂ = 85-115.2-11-10-6.5 mm.

Thus, the drawback of the existing design is clearly visible.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed punch, when the center distance of the lower cutting disc and the Central axis is, for example, 96 mm

In this case, the working stroke of the upper cutting disc is also 28 mm, and the lower - 33.6 mm. With this ratio of the interaxal distances, the output of the upper cutting disk will be, as in the above example, h ₁ = 17.5 mm, and the lower cutting disk, according to the calculations, will be - h ₂ = 6.5 + (33.6-28) = 12.1 mm.

The advantages of the proposed hammer drill are as follows:

1. By increasing the center distance of the lower cutting disc with a central axis, two diametrical slots are guaranteed to form.

2. The use of the proposed hydraulic nozzles allows you to destroy the cement stone and rock behind the production casing to the required depth.

3. The use in the composition of the liquid opening the abrasive can guarantee the destruction of the rock behind the production casing.

Therefore, we can conclude that the proposed technical solution as a utility model is new, because the prior art is not known solutions having a similar constructive solution, allowing to obtain the specified result. In addition, the proposed solution is industrially applicable.

Claims (3)

1. A hydromechanical slotted puncher, comprising a housing, a pusher-piston placed therein and a retractable cutting tool in the form of cutting disks mounted on the axes with a mechanism for their extension, with the possibility of cutting two diametrically located slots, while the disk extension mechanism includes rocker arms installed on the central axis, in the shoulders of which the axes of the cutting discs are installed, while the rocker arms are rotatable when the piston of the pusher is moved, and the hydraulic nozzles, excellent The fact is that the ratio of the axial distances of the lower and upper cutting discs to the central axis is 1.15-1.25, respectively. 2. The hammer drill according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic nozzles are made of hard alloy metals or ceramics, or using stone. 3. The hammer drill according to claim 1, characterized in that as an opening fluid for hydromonitor processing of the bottomhole zone, a hydroabrasive liquid is used.