RU62403U1 - WATERPROOFING ROLL MATERIAL BASED ON SWELLING ALUMINUM SILICATES - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to rolled waterproofing materials using swellable aluminosilicates as the main component and is intended for waterproofing building structures of buildings and structures during construction work, during the reclamation of industrial and household waste landfills, for screening maps of oil storage facilities and fuels and lubricants, waste oil -Gas industry, working areas of gas stations.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the manufacture of a waterproofing material with improved strength characteristics due to the additional orientation of the mineral filler and less mechanical stress on the carrier layer in the manufacture of the material, with increased moisture-proof properties due to the use of aluminosilicates modified with organomineral complexing agents with a swelling coefficient K _f = 250-500 %, swelling rate of at least 25-40% in the first 5 minutes of interaction designs of material with an aqueous medium while simplifying and cheapening production technology. The problem is achieved in that in the waterproofing roll material based on swellable aluminosilicates consisting of a supporting polypropylene woven fabric, a synthetic cover non-woven fabric between which there is a layer of dispersed swellable aluminosilicates, fastened with a needle-punched method, as aluminosilicates, it contains modified organomineral complexing agents of aluminosilicate = 250-500%, swelling rate of at least 25-40% in the first 5 minutes of interaction Design of the material with an aqueous medium, with a granulometry of 0.1-2.0 mm and a bulk density layer of 4.5-5.0 kg / m ^2, and part of the layer is further oriented bundles of fibers from nonwoven needle-covering layer and the carrier layer of the woven fabric has a surface density of not less than 95 g / m ^2, the cover nonwoven fabric composed of a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibers in a ratio of 0.8-0.2 / 0.5-0.5 with length polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers is not less than 66 mm and having a linear density of not less than polypropylene fibers 2.2 tex, 0.84-1.76 tex polyester fibers, surface coating density nonwoven webs of 250-350 g / m ^2, and all layers are bonded so that the number of punctures carrier layer is not less than 5 per 1 cm ^2, which form the basic elements of the fastening structure and a developed surface on the outer side of the supporting woven material in the form of bundles of fibers elongated by needle-piercing of the entire material, and in the coating layer not less than 10 per 1 cm ² . 1 n.p. crystals, 1 ill., 2 tab.

Description

The utility model relates to rolled waterproofing materials using swellable aluminosilicates as the main component and is intended for waterproofing building structures of buildings and structures during construction work, during the reclamation of industrial and household waste landfills, for screening maps of oil storage facilities and fuels and lubricants, waste oil -Gas industry, working areas of gas stations.

Known waterproofing material based on bentonite for waterproofing any building structures and protecting foundations from aggressive waters (SU, copyright certificate 73737, E 02 B 3/16, E 02 D 31/02, 1949).

The closest in technical essence is waterproofing material, patent RU 2076914 IPC ⁸ E 02 B 3/16, 32 V 13/04 published on 04/10/1997, consisting of bentonite clay in two layers located between two layers of synthetic material, of which at least one non-woven, while one of the clay layers (finer) is applied to the outside of the coating layer, moistened, bonded with a needle-punched method and dried. It is proposed to use various materials as the carrier layer, preference is given to dense woven materials or multi-layer, a non-woven fabric is used as the coating material, the mineral filler is applied in two stages, while the finely dispersed part is applied on the outside of the coating layer, after which the whole structure is fastened with needle-punched by way, the coating layer with a partially embedded layer of powder clay is moistened and dried.

The main disadvantage of the prototype is the multi-stage process and the technological complexity of manufacturing the material associated with the need to use liquid-phase and then high-temperature processes, which leads to high energy costs and the cost of the material.

To ensure the best waterproof properties of waterproofing materials of this type, it is necessary to use the maximum swelling Na-forms of montmorillonite clays, which leads to increased requirements for the purity of clay rocks used as raw materials in the production of such materials and the high cost of production.

To achieve maximum bonding strength and uniform and reliable distribution of granules of mineral filler in the frame structure of two or more (with a multilayer carrier layer to increase its strength) layers of synthetic materials and transverse needle-punched fibers, which ensures the integrity of the waterproofing layer, it is necessary to apply needle piercing with a minimum distance between the needles. This leads to the destruction of the structure of the supporting woven material, violates the integrity of the structure as a whole and requires further operations to ensure the integrity of the main waterproofing layer of granules of mineral filler - the use of protection (mineral, bitumen, film). In addition, at the maximum frequency and full depth of needle stitching due to the abrasive properties of the clay itself and because of the need to use the most dense (durable) materials as the basis for ensuring the integrity of the material structure and its main component of the mineral filler layer, the needles prematurely wear out and fail needle-stitching machines.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the manufacture of a waterproofing material with improved strength characteristics due to the additional orientation of the mineral filler and less mechanical stress on the carrier layer in the manufacture of the material, with increased moisture impermeability due to the use of aluminosilicates modified with organomineral complexing agents with a swelling coefficient δ = 250-500% , the swelling rate of at least 25-40% in the first 5 minutes of interaction to instructions of the material with the aquatic environment while simplifying and cheapening the production technology.

The problem is achieved in that in a waterproofing roll material based on swellable aluminosilicates consisting of a supporting polypropylene woven fabric, a cover synthetic non-woven fabric between which there is a layer of dispersed swellable aluminosilicates, bonded using a needle-punched method, as aluminosilicates, it contains modified organomineral complexing agents δ aluminosilicates with = 250-500%, swelling rate of at least 25-40% in the first 5 minutes of interaction structures of the material with an aqueous medium, with a particle size distribution of the layer 0.1-2.0 mm and a filling density of 4.5-5.0 kg / m ² , moreover, part of the layer is additionally oriented by fiber bundles from the non-woven cover layer by needle piercing, and the carrier layer from the woven fabric has a surface density not less than 95 g / m ² , cover non-woven fabric, consists of a mixture

polypropylene and polyester fibers with a ratio of 0.8-0.2 / 0.5-0.5 with a length of polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers of at least 66 mm, with a linear density of polypropylene fibers of at least 2.2 tex, polyester fibers of 0.84-1.76 tex, and a surface density of 250-350 of the non-woven fabric g / m ^2, and all layers are bonded so that the number of punctures carrier layer is not less than 5 per 1 cm ^2, which form the basic elements of the fastening structure and developed surface on the outer side of the carrier material in the form of woven bundles Volok drawn at needling all the material in the covering layer and at least 10 per 1 cm ^2.

To solve the main problem - the uniform distribution of granules of the mineral filler in the structure of the material (integrity of the waterproofing layer), it is proposed to use needles of different lengths and configurations when fastening the structure of the non-woven surface fabric and the woven supporting fabric, which, when flashing, provides orientation of the granules inside the woven and non-woven synthetic frame canvases, and part fastens these canvases, forming on the outer side of the woven cloth a developed surface used for additional hydrochloric fixing strength waterproofing covering by pouring concrete or cementitious screed. The use of such a mode of needle-punched bonding provides the most optimal orientation of the mineral filler in the structure, adjustable bonding strength of the paintings and maximum wear resistance, and equipment durability. As a mineral filler, it is proposed to use modified aluminosilicates (montmorilonite, mixed-layer clay), organo-mineral complexing agents (mixture: alkaline reagents, polymers such as polyacrylamide) that are applied in dry powder form. The advantages of modified aluminosilicates due to higher hydrophilicity have been experimentally discovered: the values of the rate and pressure of swelling and, accordingly, higher anti-filtration rates. The dispersion of the mineral filler in the above bonding mode may not be separated and is in the range of 0.01-2.0 mm

For a better understanding of the essence of the utility model, Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of the material, where 1 is the carrier layer of a woven polypropylene fabric, 2 is a layer of a cover non-woven fabric consisting of a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibers, between which the first and second layers are a layer of modified aluminosilicates with a particle size distribution of the layer of 0.1-2.0 mm, a filling density of 4.5-5.0 kg / m ² , and part of the layer is additionally

oriented by bundles of fibers 5 from a nonwoven cover layer 2 by needle piercing. Layers 1, 2, 3 are bonded by needle-piercing forming on the outer side of the woven fabric a developed surface in the form of bundles of fiber 4 from a non-woven cover layer 2.

Characteristics used in material layers.

Carrier layer (according to GOST 30090-93).

1. Polypropylene yarn fabric

2. Type of fabric - canvas / twill

3. A surface density of at least 95 g / m ²

4. Breaking load, kgf, not less than:

Based - 80

Duck - 80

5. The presence of a UV stabilizer in the composition of the threads: Tinuvin 783 - 0.26%

Relative lengthening on a basis and a weft: no more than 15%

Cover nonwoven fabric.

Covering non-woven fabric, consists of a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibers with a ratio of 0.8-0.2 / 0.5-0.5 with a length of polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers of at least 66 mm, with a linear density of polypropylene fibers of at least 2.2 tex, polyester fibers 0.84-1.76 tex, surface the density of the cover non-woven fabric 250-350 g / m ² .

Layer of mineral filler.

Modified aluminosilicates, organo-mineral complexing agents: a mixture of alkaline reagents from sodium hydroxide in an amount of 0.5-2.5% and polymers such as polyacrylamide in an amount of 0.02-0.05% by weight of clay with career moisture. The moisture content of the mineral filler is not more than 12%. The average granule size is 0.1-2.0 mm.

Backfill density 4.5-5.0 kg / m ²

Water absorption, as a value characterizing the degree of swelling,% - not less than 400, GOST 5180-84 "Soils. Laboratory methods for determining physical characteristics." The degree of swelling δ,% - 400-500 determined by the method of Vasilyev on the basis of GOST 24143-80 "Methods for laboratory determination of swelling and shrinkage".

The mass of the mineral filler, kg / m ² - 4.5-5.0

The thickness of the layer of mineral filler, mm - 5-7

Table 1. Functional characteristics of the mineral filler before and after modification with organomineral complexing agents. Type of filler Water absorption,% Power
swelling δ,
% Speed
swelling,% per
5 minutes Bentonite clay (Sarigyuhinskoe site) 190 224 fifteen Bentonite clay
(Askansky place) 250 300 eighteen Bentonite clay
(Sarigyukhinskoe place)
+ complexing agent 410 400 25 Bentonite clay
(Askansky place) +
complexing agent 450 500 40

Getting waterproofing roll material.

The production of the material begins with the acceptance and verification of compliance with the requirements of components for the manufacture of waterproofing roll material based on swelling aluminosilicates: mineral filler granules, coating non-woven fabric and woven carrier fabric. The granulate is checked for compliance of its fractional composition with the declared characteristics of the granule size, control sieving and humidity, weighing with control evaporation in accordance with GOST 5180-84 "Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of physical characteristics."

Non-woven and woven fabric is checked for compliance with surface density. After the control operations, the supporting polypropylene woven fabric is placed on the lower unwinding mechanism of the needle punching machine and refueled on a conveyor, which moves the substrate along the table surface under the dispenser. Using a dispenser from the feed hopper, a layer of mineral granulate is poured onto a substrate passing along the table. After passing through the dispenser table, the substrate with an already poured layer of granulate is covered with a non-woven cover sheet coming from the upper unwinding mechanism, and then transferred to the stitching area of the needle punching machine. For fastening the material, needle-type machines AIN-1600, AIN-1800 are used with equipped needle beds so that in the carrier layer the number of punctures is at least 5 per 1 cm ² , which form the main fastening elements of the structure and the developed surface on the outside of the carrier woven material in the form of bundles of fibers elongated by needle-piercing of the entire material, and in the coating layer of at least 10 per 1 cm ² , and part of the mineral filler is additionally oriented by fiber bundles from the non-woven coating layer.

At the exit from the working zone of the needle punching machine, already cross-linked material is fed to a cutting and winding device, where an uneven lateral edge is cut with the help of disk knives at the web and where the measured pieces of material are coiled. The use of such a regime of needle-punched bonding provides the most optimal orientation of the mineral filler in the structure, adjustable bonding strength of the paintings, manufacturability of the storage processes of transportation and use of the material, as well as maximum wear resistance and durability of the equipment.

Table 2 shows the options for rolled waterproofing material with various technical characteristics, depending on the variation in the characteristics of raw materials.

Table 2. When measures Bearing layer Cover layer Mineral filler Material properties Surface Density g / m ² Surface density, g / m ² Backfill mass The degree of swelling 5% The force at break, N / cm Punching Force, N Elongation at break,% Filtration coefficient, m / day Resistance to hydrostatic pressure, MPa one 95 250 4,5 400 60 650 7 10 ^-7 Not less than 0.5 2 120 350 5,0 500 130 900 5 10 ^-8 Not less than 0.6

Analysis.

Table 2 shows the technical characteristics of two modifications of rolled waterproofing material intended for waterproofing building structures of buildings and structures during construction work, during the reclamation of industrial and household waste landfills, for screening maps of oil storage and fuels and lubricants, waste products of oil and gas industry, workers areas of gas stations. The principle of operation of the material is based on the ability of swelling aluminosilicates to increase in volume during hydration. Upon contact with water, the granules of the mineral filler form a homogeneous layer of a dense mineral gel that does not allow water compressed in a frame made of bonded needle-punched between the supporting woven and integumentary non-woven fabric. The developed surface on the outside of the woven fabric, which is a pile of synthetic fibers formed by bonding the material with a needle-punched method, provides additional strength for fixing the waterproofing coating when pouring concrete or cementitious screed. The modifications of rolled waterproofing material presented in Table 2 are used at various sites depending on the requirements for the strength characteristics of materials and the hydrogeological conditions of the waterproofing site.

During the tests, the following regulatory documentation was used.

GOST 2678 "Roll-up roofing and waterproofing materials. Test methods", GOST 24143-80 "Laboratory methods for the determination of swelling and shrinkage." GOST 5180-84 "Soils. Methods of laboratory determination of physical characteristics." 25584-90 Soils. Laboratory method for determining the filtration coefficient. GOST R 51517-99. Sewing products. Method for determining the maximum tensile load of a seam during tensile testing of a strip, VSN 49-86, EH ISO 12236: 2003

Claims (1)

A waterproofing roll material based on swellable aluminosilicates consisting of a supporting polypropylene woven fabric, a cover synthetic non-woven fabric, between which is a layer of dispersed swellable aluminosilicates, bonded with a needle-punched method, characterized in that as a layer of aluminosilicates it contains 400 aluminosilicates modified with organomineral complexing agents = δ aluminosilicate -500%, swelling rate of at least 25-40% in the first 5 minutes of interaction of the mother’s design Ala with an aqueous medium, with a particle size distribution of 0.1-2.0 mm layer and a backfill density of 4.5-5.0 kg / m ² , moreover, part of the layer is additionally oriented by fiber bundles from a non-woven cover layer by needle-piercing, and the carrier layer from woven the fabric has a surface density of at least 95 g / m ² , the cover non-woven fabric consists of a mixture of polypropylene and polyester fibers in a ratio of 0.8-0.2 / 0.5-0.5 with a length of polypropylene fibers and polyester fibers of at least 66 mm , with a linear density of polypropylene fibers of at least 2.2 tex, polyester x 0,84-1,76 fiber tex, a surface density of the coating nonwoven 250-350 g / m ^2, and all layers are bonded so that the number of punctures carrier layer is not less than 5 per 1 cm ^2, which form the main fastener elements structures and developed surface on the outer side of the supporting woven material in the form of bundles of fibers, elongated by needle-piercing of the entire material, and in the coating layer not less than 10 per 1 cm ² .