RU56560U1 - INSTALLATION FOR JOINT GASIFICATION AND BURNING OF SOLID FUELS AND BIOMASS - Google Patents

Abstract

The installation for the joint gasification and combustion of solid fuels and biomass belongs to the field of energy technology equipment and can be used for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste and heating of industrial premises and other household facilities.

The objective of the utility model is to increase the maneuverability of the energy technology device and its efficiency, as well as to reduce energy consumption and simplify the design.

It is decided that the installation will have a gasification chamber with a pinch equipped with biomass supply devices, an ignition device, primary air supply nozzles, a solid fuel supply device, an ash and slag waste removal device and an afterburner equipped with secondary air supply nozzles , in its upper part, passing into the exhaust pipe. The gasification chamber and the afterburner are made together in a vertical arrangement. In the afterburner and the exhaust duct there are multi-way recuperators for heating the mains water, equipped with a shut-off valve, and a nozzle with a valve for sampling the generator gas is also provided.

The technical result - reducing energy consumption and simplifying the design for the combined gasification and combustion of biomass with coal, is achieved due to the better organization of gasification of solid fuel together with biomass, with the possibility of both the afterburning of gasification products in the afterburner and the production of combustible generator gas, which can be used to obtain thermal energy for the purpose of heating industrial premises and other economic facilities.

1 pf, 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of energy technology equipment and can be used for the disposal of domestic and industrial waste and heating of industrial premises and other economic facilities.

Known furnace with a gas furnace for separate and co-combustion of various types of fuel (RF application No. 2002105599), containing a gas generation and gas afterburning furnace with nozzles for supplying air and with throttle controllers for gas generation and thermal power. On the bottom of the gas generator chamber, in a parallel-parallel fashion, inside the gas-permeable shell there are placed registers for uniform distribution of gas and air, inside the capillary shell there are placed registers for uniform distribution of liquid fuel, fuel oil and air, and a layer of furnace is placed over these layers of gas, liquid fuel and fuel oil burning chambers for generating gas from solid fuels.

The disadvantages of the device are the design complexity, which increases the cost of the combustion process and complicates the use of the device, and the inability to burn non-traditional fuels (biomass).

Known gas generator for solid fuels (RF patent No. 2147601), designed for gasification of solid fuels, which can be used for gasification of peat, peat briquettes, firewood, wood waste, plant residues, household and industrial waste, in installations for heating various rooms, heating water and air, drying wet materials, grain fuels and other purposes. The gas generator for solid fuel comprises a housing with a lining and a furnace door, a fuel hopper with a loading hatch, an ash chamber and a vaulted divider. The ash chamber has a door for its removal and a device for supplying and regulating primary air. A vault divider is installed inside the housing. Under the vaulted divider there is an opening for the removal of gases with a flame tube inserted into it and a grate with a movable with the possibility of raising and lowering. The flame tube has a device for supplying and regulating secondary air. The gas generator is equipped with rotary blades mounted inside the housing. The axis of rotation of the blades are parallel to the divider. The divider in the upper part is equipped with a vertical plate. The rotary blades, the divider and the vertical plate are provided with transverse ribs.

The disadvantage of this device is the narrow use, i.e. the possibility of gasification of either solid fuels or various wastes. The device does not provide for the possibility of joint gasification of these fuels.

The prototype of the proposed utility model is a furnace for combustion and gasification in a fluidized bed (RF patent No. 2229073), used for the disposal of various grades of coal. The gasification furnace and the combustion furnace are combined with each other. The fluidized-bed furnace is divided by a plurality of partitions into a gasification furnace, a main combustion chamber of a combustion furnace and a heat recovery chamber of said combustion furnace, said gasification furnace and heat recovery chamber being completely separated from one another. The gasification chamber, the coal combustion chamber and the heat recovery chamber are adjacent to each other in a horizontal arrangement. The fluidized-bed furnace is divided by a first partition into a gasification furnace and a combustion furnace; the first partition has openings, so that the gasification furnace and the combustion furnace communicate with each other in the lower and upper parts. The second wall between the heat recovery chamber and the coal combustion chamber is a vertical wall, the upper end of the second wall extends to a position near the upper surface of the fluidized bed, an opening is provided in close proximity to the furnace hearth. The heat recovery chamber contains submerged heat transfer pipes.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the ability to gasify and burn only traditional solid fuels - coal. Joint gasification and burning of biomass with coal are not provided. The horizontal layout of the gasification furnace, the main combustion chamber of the combustion furnace and the heat recovery chamber require additional devices to ensure the circulation of gas flows. The creation of sufficiently high pressures in the flow of hot generator gas, with its further use, is fraught with technical difficulties. Not specified device for feeding and unloading bulk material, a device for ignition.

The prerequisites for creating the proposed utility model are the following factors. The parameters of biomass to be disposed of and burned can vary greatly in moisture, ash, and chemical composition. The biomass market is seasonal. Coal additives can reduce these differences. With a small percentage of biomass in the fuel, their presence has practically no effect on the technological cycle of coal combustion during layered combustion and fluidized bed burning (CS). There is no need to develop and build special waste incineration plants. With high ash content of coal burned, additives of potassium compounds contained in biomass ash change the properties of coal slag. An additional inert bulk material is used to create a fluidized bed during biomass burning. With a high percentage mass fraction of biomass in relation to coal, the supply of coal as bulk material will solve two problems at once - the creation of a fluidized bed and maintaining the required temperature due to the gradual burning of coal.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to increase the maneuverability and efficiency of an energy-technological device operating on various types of fuel, reduce energy consumption and simplify the design during joint gasification and combustion of biomass with coal.

The problem is solved in that the installation for the joint gasification and combustion of solid fuels and biomass includes a gasification chamber with a device for feeding biomass and blast nozzles for supplying primary air. In addition, the gasification chamber contains a device for ignition, a pipe for removing ash and slag waste, and a device for loading bulk material (coal is used as bulk material). The gasification chamber has an aerodynamic pinch located frontally, and the gas distribution grill is inclined to the plane of the ignition device at an angle α (the angle of inclination depends on the type of biomass used). Moreover, the gasification chamber is made in a vertical arrangement together with the afterburning chamber, which contains nozzles for supplying secondary air and multi-pass recuperators, which in its upper part forms a gas exhaust duct, also having multi-pass recuperators and equipped with a gate valve. The afterburner has a nozzle for sampling the generator gas, equipped with a valve.

The technical result - reducing energy consumption and simplifying the design - is achieved due to the better organization of gasification of solid fuel together with biomass, with the possibility of both the afterburning of gasification products in the afterburner, and the production of combustible generator gas, which can be used to generate thermal energy for heating production premises and other objects of economic purpose.

Installation for the joint gasification and combustion of solid fuels and biomass is presented in figure 1.

The installation comprises a gasification chamber 1 and an afterburner 2, made together in a vertical arrangement. The gasification chamber 1 is equipped with blast nozzles 3 for supplying primary air located on the bottom of the installation 4 and devices for supplying biomass 5 located frontally. In the lower part of the gasification chamber 1 there is an inclined distribution grill 6, under which there are air chambers 7. In the lower part of the inclined distribution grill 6, at the bottom of the bottom 4, there is a pipe for removing ash and slag waste 8. The gasification chamber 1 is equipped on one side with an ignition device 9, and on the other hand, a device for loading bulk material 10. The gasification chamber 1 has a pinch in the upper part 11. In the afterburner 2, located above the gasification chamber 1, there are nozzles 12 for supplying air. The upper part of the afterburning chamber 2 passes into the exhaust gas duct 13. In the afterburning chamber 2 and the exhaust gas duct 13, there are multi-way recuperators 14 having a shut-off valve for the water duct 15 and heating

network water 16 for consumers with exhaust flue gases 17. The device has a pipe 18 for sampling the generator gas, equipped with a valve 19. The gas outlet 13 is equipped with a valve 20.

The difference from the prototype is:

- vertical layout of the gasification chamber and afterburner, which increases the maneuverability of this device;

- the absence of partitions between the gasification chamber having pinch and the afterburner, which simplifies the installation design, without changing the parameters of the generator gas;

- the presence of a device for ignition and a device for loading bulk material in the gasification chamber.

Installation for the joint gasification and combustion of solid fuels and biomass works as follows. The valve 19 is in a position that overlaps the pipe 18 for sampling the generator gas. The valve 20 of the exhaust pipe 13 is open. Conduit shutoff valve 15 is open. Bulk material is fed into the gasification chamber 1 onto the inclined distribution grid 6 using the device 10 to create a fluidized bed. As bulk material, solid fuel is used - coal - with a particle diameter of up to several millimeters. Pre-crushed biomass (particles have a size of up to several millimeters) by means of a biomass feeding device 5 is fed into the gasification chamber 1 above the level of the initial coal loading. At the same time, air is supplied to the gasification chamber 1 using blasting nozzles 3 for supplying primary air located on the bottom 4 of the installation, under gas distribution chambers 7 at a speed of 5 m / s with α = 0.5 to create and maintain a process of incomplete oxidation of the fuel (biomass together with coal) and the formation of combustible generator gas. In this case, the combustion temperature decreases from 2000 ° C to 850 ° C. To initiate the combustion (gasification) process, after starting the supply of fuel and primary air, the ignition device 9 is briefly turned on. In the upward flow of air, the layer of suspended fuel particles acquires the properties of a liquid (viscosity, fluidity, surface tension) and, using pinch 11 in the gasification chamber 1 , a circulating fluidized bed is formed over the entire cross section of the installation. The generated generator gas consists mainly of CO, H ₂ , impurities of CH ₄ , CO ₂ and other hydrocarbons are possible. The generator gas enters the afterburning chamber 2, where, using nozzles for supplying secondary air 12, air is supplied in an amount sufficient to completely oxidize the generator gas. Further, the combustion products enter the exhaust gas path 13. The afterburning chamber 2 and the gas exhaust path 13 are equipped with multi-pass recuperators 14, in which, when the shut-off valve of the air duct 15 is open, the mains water 16 is heated for consumers with exhaust flue gases 17. The temperature of the exhaust gases decreases. The ash and slag waste generated during the combustion process is removed through a pipe for the removal of ash and slag waste 8. In the case where there is no need for heating network water for consumers, or,

when there is a need for additional consumers in the generator gas, the supply of secondary air to the nozzles 12 is stopped, the shut-off valve of the waterway 15 is closed, the valve 20 is closed, the valve 19 is opened and the generator gas begins to flow into the pipe 18.

Thus, the proposed utility model allows combining the processes of utilization of various household and industrial wastes with the process of generating combustible generator gas, which can be used to generate thermal energy for the purpose of heating industrial premises and other household facilities.

Claims (1)

Installation for the joint gasification and combustion of solid fuels and biomass, containing a nozzle for sampling generator gas, tubular recuperators, nozzles for supplying primary air, a device for removing ash and slag waste, a gasification chamber equipped with devices for supplying solid fuel, and an afterburner containing nozzles for secondary air supply, characterized in that the gasification chamber, in its upper part having a pinch, is made in a vertical arrangement together with the afterburner, the gasification chamber It is located below the afterburner and is equipped with a device for igniting and supplying biomass on the one hand, and a device for supplying solid fuel on the other, as well as air chambers with nozzles for supplying primary air located on the bottom under an inclined distribution grill, and a nozzle for sampling The generator gas is equipped with a gate valve and is located in the afterburner, which is also equipped with multi-way recuperators for heating mains water, equipped with a shut-off valve.