RU38041U1 - BOILER FOR COAL BURNING IN A BOILING LAYER - Google Patents

Description

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Boiler unit for the combustion of coal in a fluidized bed.

The invention relates to the field of power engineering.

Known firebox for burning solid fuel in a fluidized bed 1. It consists of a narrow, movable grate with side seals. located inside the grate of a secluded blown duct and located on both sides along the upper branch of the grate, the cooling surface of the grate.

The closest analogue is the boiler unit KVR-1.5 2. It includes a mechanical furnace device - a movable grate on the entire width of the boiler. Above the firebox are heating surfaces - screens and a convective beam, which gases pass in one turn. A plate feeder with a rotary spreader is used to supply fuel. The supply of air necessary for combustion is carried out in a blow box, under the grate.

This analogue has several disadvantages:

The grate-grate for the entire width of the boiler has a large mass, low reliability;

-layer burning on a wide grate grate leads to heavy losses from mechanical underburning, does not allow the use of low-grade coal grades with high ash content, humidity, a large number of small fractions;

-gases pass the heating surface in one move, which increases losses with exhaust gases and mechanical underburning;

all air is supplied under the grate, which increases the entrainment of solid particles of fuel and slag from the furnace;

- a plate feeder with a tapion pusher has low reliability.

The objective of the invention is to improve the reliability of the design of the device, the possibility of burning low-grade coals, increasing efficiency, increasing heat production and environmental performance of the boiler.

These tasks are solved due to the fact that:

To burn fuel, a mechanical furnace device is used in the form of a narrow, mobile, grate inclined to the horizon, which implements the technology of burning fuel in a high-temperature fluidized bed. According to this technology, the fuel layer is blown by an intense stream of air supplied from below through the grate. In this case, the fuel particles begin to mix intensively. Due to the active mixing of coal particles, intensive washing with air, quick removal of the crust of ash from the outer surface of the pieces of fuel, it is possible to burn the combustible mass by 98-99%. High speed of blast air significantly reduces losses from mechanical incompleteness of fuel combustion with a failure. This allows this boiler to operate with high efficiency on low-grade coals with high ash content, humidity, low heat of combustion, a large number of small fractions.

The narrow grill is less prone to jamming due to distortions and thermal expansions, easier to operate and repair.

In the convective gas-tight screen is made, providing a turn of gases in a vertical plane. This makes it possible to precipitate particles of slag and unburned fuel carried away from the furnace.

An air ejector transports ablation into the furnace for afterburning. This increases the efficiency of fuel burnout, transfers part of the ablation to slag and reduces emissions of particulate matter with flue gases.

A two-stage air supply is applied. Air is directed under the grill and into the superlayer space. Air supplied to npocTiiaHCTBO superlayer. forms a screen (air surface) that prevents VHOCV from being part of the lysepseous material, which increases the efficiency of burning noodles and reduces the loss of fly ash with entrainment.

The fuel supply is drained; it is carried out by a mechanical feeder on the accelerating plate, from where it enters the furnace under the influence of gravitational forces. The exception of the rotary spreader simplifies the design, increases the reliability of the work.

In the combustion chamber along the grate, an additional heating surface is installed, a cooling panel included in the boiler circulation circuit. The cooling panel is made of a series of pipes placed close to each other. Each pipe has a U-shaped layout in plan. An additional heating surface provides active control of the temperature level of the boiling water; its layer prevents the ash from melting and slagging of the grate, which ensures an increase in the efficiency of fuel combustion and an increase in heat output.

The proposed design of the boiler was not identified from land, the current level of development of technology. This allows us to conclude that the criterion of “novelty.

The proposed design of the boiler unit is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 is a side view, and FIG. 2 front view.

The boiler includes a combustion chamber and a convective bundle (9). The combustion chamber consists of a cooling panel (2), front-ceiling

The convective beam (9) is located immediately behind the combustion chamber. The exit of gases behind the combustion chamber is carried out in the upper part of the rear wall in a horizontal outlet, in which the convective bag is located. dialed from pipes staggered horizontally.

The main technological element of the firebox is a narrow horizontal grate (1) inclined to the horizon. The device also includes a frame with an air box located inside it, divided into blow zones (4), a grill drive, and also lateral and transverse (interzone) seals.

The fuel is fed by a mechanical feeder (3) from the hopper to the accelerating plate, acquires a certain speed and enters the active combustion zones in the initial part of the grate, where it warms up and burns in suspension above the canvas. Formed, slag, sticking together into large agglomerates, is lowered onto the grate and removed from the boiler.

The small particles not burnt out and partially burnt out that are taken out of the layer, falling into the expanded part of the furnace, lose their speed and some of them fall onto the grate.

Part of the air necessary for the combustion of fuel is supplied to the blast zones (4). The rest of the air enters the sharp blast system.

Flue gases exiting directly from the fluidized bed contain gaseous products of incomplete combustion and unburned solid parts of the fuel. SCHOOLS of the OST DOOT, served in a meeting with the SSAC nnvrv. colliding, spread over the lattice, preventing the removal of particles from the active combustion zone.

In order to reduce heat loss with mechanical underburning and to reduce the concentration of solid emissions, an ablation recovery system is used. For this, the boiler is equipped with a special rotary chamber and an ablation deposition chamber located under it. PTZ camera

highlighted under the convective part (9) partially by the gas-tight rear screen of the furnace (10), the rotary screen (11) and the rear screen of the boiler. In the case of the pecolor FcoMv, a significant amount of coarse entrainment particles are separated before and shortening the speed of the HMMORKIX.

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it echoes with the help of an ejector it is returned taking away (5} to the zone of active combustion, where unburned ablation carbon is burned up, and the fly ash is converted to slag.

The above allows us to conclude that the criterion of "industrial application.

1. Description of the invention “A furnace for burning solid fuel in boiling water: a layer No. 99111727 of the authors Yu. V. Yuferev, V. Yu. Voronov, V. A. Popov, A. E. Lukichev.

2. Design documentation of the Kusinsky MSZ for the boiler KVR-1.5.

A.V. Smirnov iw. 13.1 fs; re R Yu RonoHOR S. A Knysh M. A. Karpov

Claims (1)

Coal burning boiler, consisting of a mechanical furnace device, heating surfaces, fuel feeder, ejector, characterized in that the furnace device is made in the form of a narrow, movable, grate grate for burning fuel in a high-temperature fluidized bed, heating surfaces have gas-tight screens providing a gas reversal for the organization of the ablation return system, the air ejector provides the ablation supply to the furnace for afterburning, the fuel is supplied by gravity especially with the help of a mechanical feeder, air is supplied under the grate and into the superlayer space, in the combustion chamber along the grate an additional heating surface is included, included in the boiler circulation circuit.