RU86705U1 - LOW TEMPERATURE VORTEX FURNACE - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A low-temperature vortex furnace containing a combustion chamber with walls passing at the bottom into a funnel, at least one burner directed downward and located in the wall of the combustion chamber, as well as blast nozzles mounted on the opposite wall, one of which is in the lower part of the funnel directed opposite the burner, characterized in that a water-cooled grate has been installed in the funnel, equipped with a water-cooled screwing bar. ! 2. The swirl chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is located under the burner. ! 3. The swirl furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall above the burner has a section mounted with an inclination inward to the combustion chamber. ! 4. The vortex furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the wall section inclined above the burner is closed by a brickwork. ! 5. Vortex furnace according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that a nozzle mounted on the opposite wall is directed under the wall section inclined above the burner.

Description

The utility model relates to the organization of vortex burning of solid fuel and can be used in furnaces, industrial and energy boilers during their reconstruction and the development of new equipment.

Known used in the energy sector is a low-temperature vortex furnace containing a combustion chamber with walls passing in the lower part to a funnel, at least one burner directed downward and located in the wall of the combustion chamber, as well as blast nozzles mounted on the opposite wall, one of which in the lower part of the funnel directionally opposite the burner.

Due to the fuel-air jets, a vortex is created in the furnace, which provides stable ignition and low-temperature burning of combustible particles of fuel. [Patent RU No. 2253801].

The disadvantages of this firebox are:

- low profitability, due to poor particle retention in the furnace, large fuel particles fall out through the funnel without burning, on the other hand, in a low-temperature furnace, the particles burn out slowly and the small entrained particles do not completely burn out;

- low reliability of the furnace, the nozzle installed in the lower part of the funnel leads to wear of the opposite wall and the furnace screens by an upward gas-ash flow.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence to the claimed device, selected as a prototype, is a low-temperature vortex furnace, containing: a combustion chamber with walls passing into the funnel at the bottom, directed downward and located on the front wall of the burner combustion chamber, a blast nozzle slotted form mounted on the opposite wall, in the lower part of the funnel and directed counter, located in the funnel air-cascade classifier.

Due to the fuel-air jets, a vortex is created in the furnace, which provides stable ignition and low-temperature burning of combustible particles of fuel. Particles of fuel falling into the funnel are returned by a stream of blast to the combustion chamber through an air-cascade classifier. At the same time, crushed coals can be burned in the furnace without using an expensive fire and explosive system for fine grinding of fuel. [Kotler V.R. Special furnaces of power boilers. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990, p. 54, Fig. 26 and 27].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- low efficiency and low reliability of the furnace: in a low-temperature furnace, the burning of particles is slowed down and small entrained particles do not completely burn out, and large particles cannot be held by an air-cascade classifier. An increase in the holding ability of the classifier by adding blast to the air-cascade classifier leads to intensive wear of the front screen and an increase in heat loss with flue gases. [Kotler V.R. Special furnaces of power boilers. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990, p. 55].

The objective of this utility model is to increase the efficiency and reliability of a low-temperature vortex furnace.

The problem is solved in that in a low-temperature vortex furnace containing a combustion chamber with screens formed by walls, passing at the bottom into a funnel, at least one burner directed downward and located in the wall of the combustion chamber, as well as a blast nozzle mounted on the opposite side a wall, one of which is directed toward the burner in the lower part of the funnel, according to the proposed utility model, a water-cooled grate has been installed in the funnel equipped with a water-cooled screwing bar.

Compared with the prototype, the furnace does not require intensive blasting into the lower nozzle, large particles of fuel that are not held in a whirlwind fall out and burn out on the grate, and thus, underburning of fuel with a dip and entrainment and wall wear by lower blasting are reduced. Ash from the furnace is unloaded with a screwing bar. The implementation of the grate and the screwing strap water-cooled increases the reliability of their work.

In addition, the grate can be located under the burner, and the wall above the burner can have a section mounted with an inclination inside the combustion chamber and closed by a lining, and a nozzle mounted on the opposite wall is directed under the part of the wall inclined above the burner. This allows you to further improve the burnout conditions of small entrained particles and increase the efficiency of the furnace.

In the drawings 1 and 2 schematically shows variants of the proposed low-temperature swirl furnace.

The low-temperature vortex furnace, figure 1, includes a combustion chamber 1, which is formed by walls (screens) 2, passing in the lower part to the funnel 3. A burner 4 is mounted in one of the walls 2 of the combustion chamber 1, directed downward, into the funnel 3. In the lower part of the funnel 3 there is a slotted nozzle 5 directed counter to the burner for supplying blast to the lower part of the combustion chamber 1, as well as a nozzle 6 for supplying blast to the upper part of the combustion chamber 1. In the funnel 3 there is a water-cooled grate 7 equipped with a water-cooled shura Lanka 8.

The supply of blast through the burner 4 and the nozzle 5 forms in the combustion chamber 1 an intense vortex with a horizontal axis of rotation and a path 9 of the output of the upward burning flow from the combustion chamber 1 under the burner 4. The walls of the combustion chamber are mainly formed by screens, which, due to the retention of particles in the vortex, a step feed blasting and active aerodynamics provide low-temperature combustion without slagging of the furnace and with minimal emissions of harmful oxides.

It does not require intense blasting into the lower nozzle 5, because grate 7, allows you to burn out falling fuel particles in the stream of blast passing through the grate. Hazardous wear of the screens, the flow of blast through the nozzle 5 is reduced. The screwing bar 8 automates the removal of slag from the grate 7, and water cooling ensures their reliable operation. Thus, the proposed low-temperature vortex furnace provides an increase in efficiency and reliability.

In the second embodiment, figure 2, the grate 7 can be located under the burner 4, and the wall (screen) 2 above the burner 4 has a section 10 mounted with an inclination inward of the combustion chamber 1, and this section of the screen 10 can be closed by a wadding 11. In addition Moreover, a nozzle 6 mounted on the opposite wall 2 can be directed under the section 10. The inclined section of the screen 10, insulated by the lining 11, additionally provides the afterburning of fuel particles carried away from the combustion chamber 1, amplified in the blast stream supplied from the nozzle 6.

The proposed low-temperature vortex furnace works as follows. The air-fuel mixture is introduced through the burner 4, ignites and burns in the combustion chamber 7 in a stream that is directed downward towards the funnel 3. Next, the burning stream is reflected from the funnel wall 3, is picked up by the oncoming blast stream flowing out of the nozzle 5, and is directed under the burner 4 along a conventional path 9, providing reliable ignition and stable burning of the torch, starting from the root of the burner 4. In this case, large particles fall out of the vortex onto the grate 7 and burn in the blast stream passing through it, and the slag is periodically burned is pressed from the combustion chamber 1 by a screwing bar 8. Due to the active aerodynamics and intensive heat transfer to the clean screens forming the walls 2 of the combustion chamber 1, a low-temperature combustion process is supported in it. Water cooling of the grate 7 and the screwing bar 8 ensures their reliable operation.

When the grate 7 is displaced under the burner 4, the flow rising from the layer burning on the grate further contributes to lower ignition of the air-fuel mixture from the root of the burner 4. After passing through the burner 4, the upward flow deviates into the combustion chamber with a slope of 10. This improves mixing flow and combustion of fuel carried away. Combustion fuel burning in the flow is enhanced when section 10 is closed (insulated) by wiring 11, and further due to the supply of blast to this zone through a nozzle 6 mounted on the opposite wall 2. The inclined section 10, especially insulated by wiring 11, provides additional afterburning combustion chamber 1 of fuel particles, amplified in the flow of blast supplied from the nozzle 6. In addition, due to thermal radiation from the heated lining 11, the upper ignition of the fuel-air mixture introduced through the burner is intensified at 4. Thus, at the outlet of the combustion chamber 1 due to the insulation screens, and the fresh air blast is provided deep burning of combustible particles and submitted increase efficiency.

In the proposed low-temperature vortex furnace, as in the prototype [Kotler V.R. Special furnaces of power boilers. - M .: Energo-atomizdat, 1990, p. 54, Figs. 26 and 27], the burning of crushed fuel can be organized with the retention of particles in a vortex. Large particles are burned on a mechanized grate with the removal of focal residues in the ash removal system with a screwing bar. This ensures the elimination of mechanical underburning with a fuel failure without supplying a powerful blast that wears out the firebox screens. Water cooling of the grate and the screwing bar supports their reliable operation.

The vortex occupying the entire furnace, intense heat and mass transfer and uniform filling of the furnace with a burning stream of emitting particles provide increased efficiency, intensive heat removal to the screens and low-temperature furnace process with a minimum of emission of harmful oxides.

Claims (5)

1. A low-temperature vortex furnace containing a combustion chamber with walls passing at the bottom into a funnel, at least one burner directed downward and located in the wall of the combustion chamber, as well as blast nozzles mounted on the opposite wall, one of which is in the lower part of the funnel directed opposite the burner, characterized in that a water-cooled grate has been installed in the funnel, equipped with a water-cooled screwing bar. 2. The swirl chamber according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate is located under the burner. 3. The swirl furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the wall above the burner has a section mounted with an inclination inward to the combustion chamber. 4. The vortex furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the wall section inclined above the burner is closed by a brickwork. 5. Vortex furnace according to claims 1, 3 and 4, characterized in that a nozzle mounted on the opposite wall is directed under the wall section inclined above the burner.