RU2836905C1 - Feedstuff for fattening cattle in stall period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and may be used in feeding cattle in stall period. Compound feed contains barley, wheat bran, premix P 63-1, monocalcium phosphate, table salt, processed food products of animal and vegetable origin in the form of pork ham on bones, Atlantic salmon, pollock, liver pork sausage, beef ribs, broiler chicken meat of 2nd category, eggshell, white cabbages. All components are used at a certain ratio.

EFFECT: use will make it possible to obtain balanced feedstuff for fattening cattle in stall period.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for feeding fattening cattle during the stall period.

A complete granulated compound feed is known based on a crushed and granulated mixture of grass meal, oats, barley, wheat bran, sunflower meal, molasses, table salt, feed chalk, premix for herbivorous animals P-90-1 and a mineral additive with binding capacity, bentonite, with an additional content (up to 5%) of sawdust of deciduous trees. The method for producing this compound feed consists in successive crushing, mixing and granulating the feed mixture with the addition of molasses and a mineral additive at a pressure of 0.28-0.33 MPa and a temperature of 140-150°C (see US Patent No. 2379943, IPC A23K 1/00, 2007).

The disadvantage of this feed is the absence of the stage of hydrothermal treatment of wood sawdust, as a result of which the digestibility of the feed is reduced. Another disadvantage of the invention is the high cost of the resulting product due to the high content of grain components (more than 40%) and grass meal (up to 20%).

A well-known compound feed for cattle, which includes, along with other components, processed products of agricultural and other plants (RU Patent 2028791, class A23K 1/16, 20.02.1995) includes, by weight: barley 11.0 - 30.9, cottonseed meal 15.0, grass meal 5.0, wood flour 3.5, mineral additive /phosphate/ 1.0, table salt 1, premix 1, pre-hydrolyzed cocoa shell pulp 17.6 - 30.0, pre-hydrolyzed sugar beet pulp 10.0 - 17.0, wheat bran - the rest.

The disadvantage of this compound feed is that the use of cakes, oilcakes and/or meal in the compound feed causes a decrease in digestibility, assimilation of nutrients, and increases feed consumption per unit of production.

The KK-65 compound feed for fattening cattle during the stall period was selected as a prototype, mass %: barley - 15, grain mixture - 35%, wheat bran - 22, sunflower husk - 7, sunflower cake - 10, limestone flour - 2, table salt and premix (VIZH) P 63-2 - 1 each.

The disadvantage of this compound feed is the low energy level and low content of crude protein at a relatively high cost price. In 1 kg of this compound feed, instead of the required 11-12 MJ, the concentration of exchange energy does not exceed 8.3 MJ, and the crude protein is only 140 g.

The essence of the invention is the composition of compound feed for cattle during fattening in the stall period, ensuring its high nutritional value, quality and low cost due to its use for the manufacture of food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result of the invention is the production of a balanced compound feed for cattle fattened in the stall period with a high nutritional value from food products of animal and plant origin with an expired shelf life.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in addition to barley, wheat bran, and premix, the following processed food products are introduced into the feed for fattening cattle during the stall period: pork ham on the bone, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, beef ribs, category 2 broiler chicken meat, eggshells, white cabbage in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Barley 24.2 Wheat bran 45.0 Table salt 1.0 Monocalcium phosphate 1.0 P 63-1 young animals from 6-18 months and fattening in the stall period 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 1.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 1.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Boiled pork sausage 1.0 Beef ribs 1.0 Meat of broiler chickens category 2 1.0 Eggshell 0.8 White cabbage 20.0 Total 100,0

A significant distinguishing feature of compound feed for fattening cattle during the stall period is the use of expired animal and plant food products as raw materials.

High requirements are imposed on the ingredients included in the compound feed, such as good quality, absence of signs of spoilage and rancidity, digestibility of nutrients. The quality and safety of expired food products complied with the requirements of regulatory documentation. The quality characteristics and safety indicators of processed expired food products (in natural form) used in granulated compound feed are given in Table 1.

Table 1

Name of the indicator Name of food product Pork ham on the bone Atlantic salmon Pollock Pork liver sausage Boiled pork sausage Beef ribs Meat of broiler chickens 2 category White cabbage Physicochemical indicators: Protein, % 16.57 19.4 15.3 15.1 9.9 21.29 19.2 1.8 Fat, % 10.61 7.6 0.8 27.6 26.9 6.20 14.6 0.2 Moisture, % 67.99 71.7 82.4 52.6 60.4 70.28 64.8 90.4 Ash, % 4.83 1.3 1.5 2.8 2.5 2.23 1.4 0.7 Carbohydrates, % - - - 1.9 0.4 - - 4.7 Energy value, kcal / kJ 162 / 677 146 / 611.3 68.4 / 286.4 316 / 1325 283 / 1186 141 / 589 208 / 872 28 / 117 Microbiological safety indicators: QMAFAnM, CFU/g 5.2 x 10 ⁶ 3.2 x 10 ⁵ 2.3 x 10 ⁴ 2.1 x 10 ³ 2.6 x 10 ³ 4.2 x 10 ⁴ 1.4 x 10 ⁴ - BGKP (coliform bacteria) Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found - Salmonella bacteria Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found Not found -

The nutritional value of the declared compound feed is given in Table 2.

Table 2

Name of the indicator Content Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 12.00 Dry matter, % 87.93 Crude protein, % 16.59 Crude fat, % 4.23 Crude fiber, % 9.24 LPU (Starch + sugar) 41.24 Vitamin A, thousand IU/kg 8.00 Vitamin D, thousand IU/kg 2.00 Vitamin E, mg/kg 1.00 Ca, % 0.64 P, % 0.88 NaCl, % 1.05 Cu, mg/kg 5.00 Zn, mg/kg 8.00 Mn, mg/kg 4.00 Co, mg/kg 1.50 I, mg/kg 1.50 Se, mg/kg 0.10

The method of producing compound feed includes several stages: preparation of raw materials, cleaning of raw materials from metal-magnetic and large non-feed impurities, grinding of raw materials, dosing of feed components, mixing of feed components, packaging of finished products (Fig. 1).

Preparation of raw materials. Preparation of raw materials is carried out in the following sequence:

1) fish: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 15 minutes), vacuum drying in two stages, at the first stage the temperature is 75-80°C, duration 60 minutes and the second stage at a temperature of 85-90°C, duration 50-60 minutes (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

2) meat: washing, grinding, cooking (temperature 100°C, process duration 30 minutes), vacuum drying (at a residual pressure of 2666.44 Pa) at a temperature of 90-100°C, duration 80-90 minutes and re-grinding of the ingredient to a particle size of 2-3 mm;

3) fruit and vegetable raw materials: sorted with separation of foreign impurities and fruits with signs of rotting and/or mold. The sorted fruits are washed and cut on a cutting machine into bars no more than 5 mm thick. The resulting product is dried to a moisture content of no more than 15%. The dried product is crushed using hammer crushers with installed sieves with a hole diameter of 2-4 mm.

The lines for grain, flour, mineral raw materials, processed food products, pressed large-piece components and dosing-mixing are mandatory for any feed mill. Preparation of raw materials also includes cleaning them from impurities, if necessary - grinding, peeling, drying. Flour types of raw materials are cleaned from metal-magnetic impurities on electromagnetic separators or magnetic columns with static magnets.

The crushed products are sent to the dosing module’s over-dosing bins.

Dosing. The components, separately prepared for introduction into compound feed, are fed to the over-dosing bins of this line. Then the components are sent to weigh batchers and batch mixers. When preparing components separately, several multi-component weigh batchers of different capacities are most often installed to ensure the required dosing accuracy. Dosing is divided into volumetric and weight, continuous and discrete. To perform volumetric continuous dosing, disc, drum, screw, vibration, belt, and combined dosing are used.

Mixing. Mixing can be continuous or periodic. For continuous mixing, SM mixers are offered, for periodic mixing - SGK, DSG, BSG. Mixers can be installed in parallel or in series. When installing mixers in series, the mixing time on each of them is usually reduced by 2 times.

Packing. To catch the metal-magnetic impurity, a magnetic column is installed in front of the finished product bin. A belt conveyor is installed under the weigh batcher. and bag sewing machine.Bags with packaged compound feed are placed on a pallet and transported by an electric forklift to the warehouse of finished products in containers. In order to increase the level of industrial safety of the explosive facility, aspiration by local filters is provided in the production workshops.

To study the efficiency of using the declared granulated compound feed in the vivarium of the Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology-Main Veterinary Academy named after K. I. Skryabin, 2 groups of Holstein cows were formed for fattening them during the stall period, 3 heads in each. The selection into groups was made on the principle of analogs by breed, age and live weight . The cows of the control and experimental groups were fed a diet consisting of cereal hay, corn silage, feed phosphate, table salt and premix. As a concentrated feed, the cows of the control group were included - standard compound feed, and the experimental - the declared compound feed in the amount of 4 kg per head per day. The duration of fattening was 30 days. During the experiment, the following indicators were taken into account: change in the live weight of cows, average daily gains. The research results are presented in Table 3.

Table 3

Zootechnical indicators when using the declared compound feed (n=3)

Indicator Control group Experimental group
(declared
compound feed) Deviation from control, % Average live weight at the beginning of the experiment 1 head, kg 489.20±2.1 487.12±1.8 99.55 Average live weight at the end of the experiment, 1 head, kg 514.57±1.9 515.68±1.6 100.18 Live weight gain during the experimental period, 1 head, kg 25.37 28.56 112.7 Average daily gain of 1 head, g 845 952 112.7

When weighing and forming groups for the experiment, the average live weight of the control cows was 2.1 kg higher than that of the experimental cows. At the end of the experiment, the average live weight of the experimental cows was 515.68 kg, while that of the control cows was 1.1 kg lower. That is, the cows in the experimental group gained live weight faster than the control. The average daily gain of cows over 30 days of the experiment was 845 g in the control group and 952 g in the experimental group.

The obtained data confirm the quality of the declared compound feed, which helps to achieve high productivity in fattening cows.

Claims (2)

Compound feed for fattening cattle in the stall period, characterized by the fact that it contains barley, wheat bran, premix P 63-1 for fattening young animals from 6 to 18 months, monocalcium phosphate, table salt, processed food products in the form of pork ham on the bone, Atlantic salmon, pollock, pork liver sausage, boiled pork sausage, beef ribs, meat of category 2 broiler chickens, eggshells, white cabbage, with the following ratio of components in wt.%: Barley 24.2 Wheat bran 45.0 Table salt 1.0 Monocalcium phosphate 1.0 Premix P 63-1 1.0 Pork ham on the bone 1.0 Atlantic salmon 1.0 Pollock 1.0 Pork liver sausage 1.0 Boiled Pork Sausage 1.0 Beef ribs 1.0 Meat of broiler chickens category 2 1.0 Eggshell 0.8 White cabbage 20.0

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