RU2836229C1 - Method of erecting a building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and is intended for use in erection of residential and public buildings from reinforced concrete. Method of erection of a building consists in the fact that on a preliminarily prepared foundation consisting of piles and beams, a three-layer floor panel is installed, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, or a single-layer floor panel consisting of reinforced concrete, on the floor panel wall panels are installed: three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle – for external walls, and single-layer or three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and core in the middle – for inner walls. In places of openings, a wall panel with an opening or a wall beam element is used, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle for external walls, and single-layer or three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and core in the middle for internal walls, then covering panels or coverings are installed, one-layer panel is used, coating panel – three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, floor panels, walls, floors and/or coating have a width of not more than 2600 mm, wall panels are made as high as the whole floor, wall panels additionally have a version in the form of an angle consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, both reinforced concrete layers in all three-layer elements are load-bearing. In wall elements both bearing reinforced concrete layers are connected to each other during installation.

EFFECT: increased speed of construction, expanded range of methods of building construction, increased operational characteristics of wall blocks.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of construction and is intended for use in the execution of works on the construction of residential and public buildings from reinforced concrete.

Currently, a solution is known under Russian patent 2501920, which provides for a method of construction and a design of a multilayer universal lightweight block for its implementation. The disadvantage of this solution is the need to erect a frame in the form of reinforced concrete monolithic structures, which extends the period of construction work and requires the use of additional structural elements. In addition, this solution provides for the use of a universal lightweight block made in the form of a metal box, which is not resistant to corrosion, which significantly reduces the service life of the building and its suitability for living/being inhabited by people.

Currently, according to the Russian Federation patent 2585316, a method for constructing buildings and structures using load-bearing corner wall structural prefabricated elements is known, aimed at reducing labor intensity, increasing productivity and construction speed, increasing the strength and seismic resistance of the building. However, this solution provides for the floor-by-floor installation of load-bearing walls from wall structural prefabricated elements in the direction opposite to the sequential installation of wall structural prefabricated elements on the previous floor, which complicates the process of calculating the ultimate load on the foundation and/or floor slabs.

Also known is a method for manufacturing a large-sized ready-made volumetric module and a method for constructing a building from large-sized ready-made volumetric modules (RU Patent No. 2712845). The said solution has the following main drawback: a monolithic reinforced concrete volumetric module is a ready-made block manufactured on robotic conveyors with utility lines, interior and exterior finishing, interior partitions and/or installed built-in furniture, which creates inconvenience during direct construction, since a module manufactured in advance according to certain parameters can no longer be replaced/modified at the construction site of the building.

Also known is the method RF 2806998, according to which the installation of a building block in the form of a three-layer angular structural prefabricated element, a three-layer ordinary wall block, a three-layer beam wall block is performed on a pre-prepared foundation. The connection of the blocks to each other is carried out only in the inner layer of reinforced concrete by welding.

The disadvantage of this method is the presence of welding, which increases the requirements for the qualifications of personnel, the connection of blocks is carried out only along the inner layer of reinforced concrete, as a result of which the outer layer of concrete has the ability to open at the junction of the blocks

The technical result of the declared solution is an increase in the speed of construction, an expansion of the range of methods for constructing buildings, and an increase in the operational characteristics of wall blocks.

A pile reinforced concrete foundation is installed, the piles are placed taking into account the geological situation and loads on the pile. It is possible to use driven or bored piles. Beams, metal or reinforced concrete, are attached to the piles from the side or from above. Three-layer floor panels are installed on top of the beams, additional vertical reinforcement is possible in places where the walls rest and in places where the floor panels rest on the beams.

Wall panels are installed on the floor panels, three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and insulation in the middle for external walls and single-layer or three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and insulation in the middle for internal walls. Three-layer wall panels are connected to each other along the internal load-bearing and external load-bearing reinforced concrete layer. The wall panel is additionally made in the form of a three-layer angle, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and insulation in the middle in the form of a beam for the external wall, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and insulation in the middle.

If there is an opening wider than 2000 mm, it is possible to use a beam three-layer or single-layer wall element to support the floor and/or roof slabs; if there is an opening less than 2000 mm, it is advisable to use a ready-made wall panel with an opening. Floor and/or roof slabs are laid on the walls. In the case of a flat roof, it is possible to install roof slabs along the slope to organize drainage; in the case of a pitched wooden roof, it is possible to install it on top of the roof slab. The width of the floor, wall, ceiling and/or roof panels is no more than 2600 mm, and the wall panels are the height of the entire floor. This allows using standard transport dimensions and eliminating the use of panel trucks, which will reduce the delivery speed and increase the construction speed. In all three-layer elements, both reinforced concrete layers are load-bearing. This solution increases the moment of inertia of the section, allows, with the required load-bearing capacity of the wall, to use panels with a lower weight due to more efficient joint operation of both reinforced concrete layers. Reducing the weight of the panel also increases the construction speed.

This method does not require additional operations for insulation of external walls, floors, and coverings, eliminates wet processes at the stage of forming the building's warm contour, which means independence from the ambient temperature appears, and the requirements for the qualifications of the working personnel are reduced. All this allows increasing the speed of construction. The range of products with a width of less than 2600 mm significantly expands the arsenal of panel application, allows implementing more diverse architectural forms with an additional increase in construction speed. The connection of both concrete layers of the walls improves the operational characteristics of the walls, since the joint does not have the ability to open.

Sources of information:

1. Patent of the Russian Federation 2501920 C2 dated 05/24/2010.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation 2585316 C1 dated 15.05.2015.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation 2712845 C1 dated 11/30/2018.

4. Russian Federation Patent 2806998 C1 dated 09.12.2022 (analog).

Claims (1)

A method of constructing a building, according to which a three-layer floor panel consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, or a single-layer floor panel consisting of reinforced concrete is installed on a pre-prepared foundation consisting of piles and beams, wall panels are installed on the floor panel: three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle - for external walls, and single-layer or three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle - for internal walls, in the places of openings a wall panel with an opening or a wall beam element is used, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle for external walls, and single-layer or three-layer, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle for internal walls, then floor or roof panels are installed, a single-layer floor panel is used, a three-layer roof panel is used, consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, panels the floor, walls, ceiling and/or roof have a width of no more than 2600 mm, the wall panels are made the height of the entire floor, the wall panels additionally have an option of being made in the form of an angle consisting of two layers of reinforced concrete and a core in the middle, both reinforced concrete layers in all three-layer elements are load-bearing, and in adjacent wall panels both load-bearing reinforced concrete layers are connected to each other during installation.