Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plate type bearing wall and a constructional column, a corresponding multi-layer assembled plate type building and a construction method thereof.
In one aspect, the invention provides a multi-storey fabricated panel building comprising foundations, panel load-bearing walls, constructional columns, building/roof boards, parapet walls and stairways and/or elevators, wherein:
the plate-type bearing wall comprises a plurality of concrete wallboards, wherein the concrete wallboards are used in a standing way, through long or discontinuous grooves are processed on the top surface of the concrete wallboards, vertical joints between the horizontally adjacent wallboards are generally staggered, and semicircular or polygonal grooves are formed in the vertical joints on the side surfaces of the wallboards;
The wallboard is connected with the constructional column, and a toothed rack is arranged on the wallboard at the connection part;
and horizontal lacing bars are arranged in the horizontal joint between the upper and lower layers of the wallboards and are connected with the constructional column.
The foundation is a common concrete foundation or a common masonry foundation.
The wallboard is prepared from aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete.
The vertical joints between the wallboards which are horizontally adjacent are generally staggered, the staggered distance is not less than half of the height of the wallboards, but when the vertical joints form through joints due to engineering implementation, lap joint connection reinforcing steel bars can be arranged in the horizontal joints, and vertical through reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the side surface concave grooves.
According to design requirements, cast-in-place concrete constructional columns are arranged at corner parts of the plate-type bearing wall, which comprise four corners of the outer wall, corresponding corners, four corners of a building/elevator room and the joint of the longitudinal and transverse walls.
The connection part of the wallboard and the constructional column can be staggered through installation to form a toothed joint, or the toothed joint is prefabricated at the connection part of the wallboard and the constructional column.
And when the plate-type bearing wall is an inner wall, the groove is positioned in the middle of the thickness of the wall body, and when the plate-type bearing wall is an outer wall, the groove is positioned on the inner side of the wall body, so that an L-shaped structure is formed at the top of the wall body.
The multi-layer assembled aerated concrete slab type building can be used for residential buildings such as houses, civilian hosts, rural hotels and the like.
The aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab adopted by the invention has high standardization degree and high industrial production efficiency. The secondary processing process of the component is all dry, the technology is simple, and the pollution is small. The building member has light dead weight, is convenient to transport and install, can meet the requirements of building self-heat preservation and building fire prevention, meets the requirements of assembled building development in China, and is especially suitable for housing construction in vast rural areas in China.
Detailed Description
In order that the manner in which the above recited features, advantages, objects and advantages of the present invention are obtained will become readily apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.
In one embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the multi-deck fabricated panel construction of the present invention comprises a foundation, a panel load bearing wall 110, a constructional column 120, a building/roof panel, parapet, and stairways and/or elevators, wherein:
the plate-type load-bearing wall 110 comprises a plurality of concrete wallboards 112, wherein the concrete wallboards 112 are used in a standing way, through long or discontinuous grooves 111 are processed on the top surface of the concrete wallboards, vertical joints 114a between the horizontally adjacent wallboards 112 are generally staggered, and semicircular or polygonal grooves 119 are formed in the side surfaces of the wallboards 112 at the vertical joints 114 a;
The wall panel 112 is connected to the constructional column 120 and the wall panel 112 is provided with a spline 140 at the connection;
horizontal tie bars are arranged in the horizontal joints 114b between the upper and lower wall boards 112 and are connected with the constructional columns 120.
The multi-layer assembled plate type building can be used for residential buildings such as houses, civilian hosts, rural hotels and the like. For example, the number of building layers is not more than 8, the layer height is not more than 3.6m, and the room is not more than 4.8m.
In one embodiment, the foundation is a plain concrete foundation or a plain masonry foundation.
The wallboard 112 is made of aerated concrete or lightweight aggregate concrete, and the strength grade of the board is LC2.5-LC15. The length of the plate is generally not more than 4.2m, the thickness of the plate is 200-400mm, the height of the plate is 200-600 mm, and the common plate heights are 300mm and 600mm.
The grooves 111 on the top surface of the wall plate 112 are 5-25mm deep, and the width of the grooves 111 is 40-100mm smaller than the thickness of the wall plate 112.
And a special mortar connection which is suitable for the strength grade of the material of the wall plate 112 is adopted between the upper layer, the lower layer and the horizontally adjacent wall plates 112, and the connection method comprises the steps of masonry connection and grouting connection after surface sealing reserved plate seams, for example, the net width of the plate seams is 3mm-20mm.
The vertical joints 114a between the wall boards 112 which are horizontally adjacent are generally staggered, the staggered distance is not less than half the height of the wall boards 112, but when the vertical joints 114a form through joints due to engineering implementation requirements, lap joint reinforcing bars can be arranged in the horizontal joints 114b, and the lap joint reinforcing bars adopt smooth round reinforcing bars or ribbed reinforcing bars. For example, the diameter of the steel bars is 6-10mm, the number of the steel bars is 2-3 along the thickness direction of the wall, and the lengths of the steel bars anchored into the two sides of the through seam of the plate type bearing wall 110 are 150-600mm.
According to design requirements, cast-in-place concrete constructional columns 120 are arranged at corner parts of the plate-type bearing wall 110, which comprise four corners of the outer wall, corresponding corners, four corners of a building/elevator room and the joint of the longitudinal and transverse walls.
The section of the constructional column 120 is square, rectangle, L-shaped, T-shaped or cross-shaped, the main side dimension is not less than 190mm, the wall thickness of the external wall with heat preservation and insulation requirements is larger than the section width of the constructional column 120, the constructional column 120 is arranged on the inner side of the external wall, and the wallboard 112 with reduced local thickness is arranged on the outer side of the constructional column 120, so that a heat-proof bridge structure 125 (see figure 6) at the constructional column 120 is formed.
The horizontal tie bars arranged in the horizontal joint 114b of the plate-type load-bearing wall 110 are smooth round bars or ribbed bars, the diameter is 6-10mm, the number of the tie bars is 2-3 along the thickness direction of the wall, the distance along the height direction of the plate-type load-bearing wall 110 is 300mm and 600mm, and the length of the steel bars anchored into the plate-type load-bearing wall 110 is not less than 1m.
The slab-type bearing wall 110 is provided with a concrete ring beam 116 at each floor/roof, the section width is not less than 190mm, and the section height is not less than 120mm.
The height of the teeth-shaped joints 140 is 300 or 600mm, the clear distance is 300 or 600mm, and the concave-convex staggered size of the teeth-shaped joints 140 is 60mm.
In the multi-layer fabricated panel-type building, when the panel height of the wall panel 112 is 300mm, the joint between the wall panel 112 and the constructional column 120 can be staggered by about 60mm through installation to form a 300mm high-level toothed rack 140, and when the panel height of the wall panel 112 is 600mm, the joint between the wall panel 112 and the constructional column 120 can be staggered by about 60mm through installation to form a 600mm high-level toothed rack 140, and also the 300mm high-level toothed rack 140 can be prefabricated.
At the concrete girt 116, a through-length groove 111 is processed on the top surface of the wall plate 112 below the concrete girt 116 to form the lower contour of the concrete girt 116, the width of the groove 111 is consistent with the width of the section of the concrete girt 116, the depth of the groove 111 is determined by the height of the section of the girt 116 and the thickness of the building/roof deck, when the plate-type bearing wall 110 is an inner wall, the groove 111 is positioned in the middle of the thickness of the wall, and when the plate-type bearing wall 110 is an outer wall, the groove 111 is positioned on the inner side of the wall, thereby forming an L-shaped structure at the top of the wall.
The plate-type bearing wall 110 is provided with a lintel 130 above a door opening 117 or a window opening 118, the lintel 130 can be a common precast concrete lintel, a lintel combined with a reinforced wallboard 112 or a cast-in-place concrete lintel, the top surface of the wallboard 112 below the lintel 130 can be processed into a through long groove 111 to form the lower profile of the lintel 130, the width of the groove 111 is consistent with the width of the section of the lintel 130, and the depth of the groove 111 is determined by the height of the section of the lintel 130 and the thickness of a building/roof plate.
The parapet wall adopts ordinary cast-in-place concrete, aerated concrete slab or lightweight aggregate concrete slab, wherein when adopting the aerated concrete slab or lightweight aggregate concrete slab, the aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab is connected with the constructional column 120 or the roof collar beam 116 through connecting reinforcing steel bars.
The building/roof slab adopts a wood structure slab, an aerated concrete slab, a lightweight aggregate concrete slab, a concrete prefabricated laminated slab or a steel bar truss solid formwork building support slab of cast-in-place concrete according to the requirements.
The wall plate 112, the aerated concrete plate or the lightweight aggregate concrete plate adopted by the building/roof board are provided with common smooth round steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to design requirements, the diameter of the steel bars is 6-14mm, and the bidirectional spacing is 50-400mm. The reinforced bars of the aerated concrete plate or the lightweight aggregate concrete plate adopted by the wallboard 112 are generally of a double-layer bidirectional structure, and the reinforced bars of the aerated concrete plate or the lightweight aggregate concrete plate adopted by the building/roof board are of a double-layer bidirectional structure or a single-layer bidirectional structure. According to engineering requirements, the steel bars can be subjected to corrosion prevention treatment.
The equipment pipeline in the plate type building can be laid on site by reserving holes of the pipeline and a box hole of the pipeline in the component in advance, or alternatively, the pipeline is fixed on the side surface of a wall body and the lower surface of a building/roof plate through connecting pipeline clamps and covered by an assembled wall surface and a suspended ceiling facing.
The aerated concrete plate or the lightweight aggregate concrete plate can be manufactured in a factory customized mode according to design requirements, or the aerated concrete plate or the lightweight aggregate concrete plate of a standard plate type is purchased and manufactured through secondary processing of a simple processing tool on the basis of the standard plate type.
For buildings with high heat preservation requirements, the thickness of the outer wall of the building is larger than the width of the ring beam and the constructional column 120 so as to avoid the formation of a thermal bridge on the outer wall of the building, and the related wallboard 112 is prefabricated in a factory according to the constructional requirements of the ring beam and the constructional column 120. Optionally, the building outer wall can also adopt a postpositive heat-insulating and decorating integrated plate.
The floor slab and the roof slab adopt wood structure plates, aerated concrete plates, lightweight aggregate concrete plates, concrete prefabricated laminated slabs or steel bar truss solid-mould floor support plates of cast-in-place concrete and the like according to requirements.
The aerated concrete slab or the lightweight aggregate concrete slab used for the slab-type load-bearing wall 110 and the floor slab (roof slab) is configured with common smooth steel bars or ribbed steel bars according to design requirements.
The stairs are concrete stairs, steel stairs or wood stairs.
In the description herein and in the drawings, the products and methods of the present invention are described as particular shapes, materials or process sequences, and certain detailed parameters are provided for illustrative purposes for some specific embodiments. It should be understood, however, that these specific descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, i.e., modifications and variations in shape, materials, or sequence of processes are still included within the scope of the invention.