RU2827831C1 - Method for correction of physiological and biochemical status, increase of milk productivity and quality of milk in holstein cows in winter stall period - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used as a biologically active feed additive for correction of physiological and biochemical status, increase of milk productivity and quality of milk of Holstein cows in winter stall period. To increase activity of herbal blend based on black currant leaves and redhaw hawthorn fruits with correction of physiological and biochemical status, increase of milk productivity and quality of milk in cows under stressful conditions of industrial maintenance during winter stall period is used as an additional source of fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins, as well as B vitamins, ascorbic acid, macroelements, microelements and organic acids – flax seeds and rosehips. Herbal blend is fed additionally to the basic diet of cows in the following composition g/head: black currant leaves 7, rosehips 7, redhaw hawthorn fruits 7, flax seeds 4.

EFFECT: achievement of reference values or approximation to them by a number of hematological and metabolic blood parameters in highly productive Holstein cows under stressful conditions of an industrial complex, which helps to reduce the negative effect of stress on the animal's body and correction of the physiological and biochemical status, which is an important condition for the formation of animal productivity.

1 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a biologically active feed additive to correct the physiological and biochemical status, increase milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows during the winter stall period.

One of the main conditions for the optimal flow of physiological and biochemical processes in the blood, increasing milk productivity and milk quality in cows kept in stressful conditions of an industrial complex during the winter stall period is obtaining the optimal amount of mineral elements, vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates and lipids from hay, concentrated and bulky feeds that promote better development of the digestive system and are energy and plastic sources.

A method for correcting stress-induced disturbances in the composition of physiological and biochemical parameters is known, together with an increase in milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows [Yarovan N.I., Polyansky D.I. The effect of a composition of black currant leaves and hawthorn fruits on the physiological and biochemical status and milk productivity of cattle // In the collection: Scientific, technical and socio-economic potential for the development of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. Proceedings of the All-Russian scientific and practical conference named after the Honored Scientist of the KBR, Honored Agronomist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor M.Kh. Khaniev. Nalchik, 2022. pp. 155-158. https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=50207225]. The known method used a feed mixture in the form of a herbal infusion based on blackcurrant leaves and hawthorn berries. The adaptogenic preparation was prepared as follows: 15 grams of crushed and dried blackcurrant leaves and 15 grams of crushed and dried hawthorn berries were mixed. The resulting mixture was added to the main diet and given to the animals. Since the animals ate the feed mixture completely, there was no doubt about the complete consumption of the studied herbal infusion. The course of taking the herbal infusion was 30 days - once a day in the morning with food.

The disadvantages of this product include a relatively low content of fat-soluble vitamins, vitamins of group B, C, macroelements, microelements and organic acids that increase the rate of metabolism and adaptation processes of cows in stressful conditions of an industrial complex during the winter stall period, which undoubtedly contributes to the correction of the physiological and biochemical status and an increase in milk productivity and quality. According to some authors, fatty acids in cow feeding improve the quality of milk and increase milk productivity by increasing the synthesis of protein and milk fat, depositing fat in the animal's body and actively participating in metabolic processes. In turn, it is organic acids that contribute to better absorption of a number of vitamins, including fat-soluble ones - A, D, E, K, which are, according to some authors, the most important vitamins for dairy cattle, due to the normalization of sexual cycles, improvement of defense mechanisms, prevention of gynecological diseases, improvement of adaptation processes and an increase in milk productivity. In addition, vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₄ enhance the production of digestive enzymes, and vitamins B ₆ and B ₉ normalize the nervous system and are important components in feeding highly productive cows. Macro- and microelements affect the functions of hematopoiesis, endocrine glands, protective reactions of the body, microflora of the digestive tract, regulate metabolism, participate in protein biosynthesis, permeability of cell membranes and are of great importance in increasing milk productivity, which, according to some authors, is a problem of modern dairy production. Vitamin C is an active participant in metabolism, maintaining the normal state of the vascular walls, being one of the most powerful antioxidants.

The objective of the proposed method is to correct the physiological and biochemical status, increase milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows during the winter stall period using a composition that includes blood-red hawthorn fruits, rose hips, blackcurrant leaves and flax seeds in the form of a herbal mixture.

The technical result of the proposed method is the achievement of reference values (or approaching them) for a number of hematological and metabolic blood parameters in highly productive Holstein cows located in stressful conditions of an industrial complex, which helps to reduce the negative impact of stress on the animal's body and correct the physiological and biochemical status, which is an important condition for the formation of animal productivity.

The set task is achieved by adding flax seeds and rose hips in the form of a mixture to the main diet of herbal mixture based on blackcurrant leaves and blood-red hawthorn fruits for 30 days by mixing with the feed mixture in the following composition g/head: blackcurrant leaves 7, rose hips 7, hawthorn fruits 7, flax seeds 4.

The proposed herbal collection, in contrast to the prototype, contains a greater amount of fat-soluble vitamins (Vitamin A is 434 μg more; Beta-carotene is 2.6 mg more; E is 2 mg more; Gamma-tocopherol is 19.34 mg more; Vitamin K is 30.1 μg more), B vitamins (B ₁ is 1.69 mg/m3 more; B ₂ is 0.291 mg more, B ₄ is 90.7 mg/m3 more; B ₅ is 1.7 mg more, B ₆ is 0.549 mg/m3; B ₉ is 87 μg/g), vitamin PP is 3.78 mg more, vitamin C is 0.6 mg more, macroelements (K is 836 mg/g more; Ca is 283 mg/g more; Mg is 400 mg/g more; P is 650 mg/g), microelements (Fe is 7 mg/g more; Zn – 4.59 mg/g; Se – 25.4 μg/g; Cu – 1220 μg/g), 3.7 g more saturated fatty acids, 7.5 g more monounsaturated fatty acids; 28.73 g more polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The above-mentioned nutrients improve the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the animal's body, and normalize the activity of the nervous system, enhance adaptation mechanisms, which undoubtedly contributes to the correction of the physiological and biochemical status and an increase in milk productivity and milk quality.

At the present stage of development of animal husbandry, the problem of providing animals with energy and plastic sources, as well as vitamins and minerals, can be solved by introducing new additives based on feed mixtures into practice. As such, it is proposed to use a feed mixture in the form of a herbal collection, including the fruits of hawthorn blood-red, rose hips, black currant leaves and flax seeds.

At the initial stage of the study, the following composition and dosage of herbal mixture was used: 3 g of blood-red hawthorn fruit, 3 g of rose hips, 3 g of blackcurrant leaves and 2 g of flax seeds per head by mixing with the feed mixture. The average live weight of cows in the control and experimental groups was 500-510 kg.

This method of correcting the physiological and biochemical status and increasing milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows did not give the expected results, since the indicators of the biochemical status of the blood after 30 days of the experiment did not reach the reference values (Table 1), and the indicators of milk productivity remained at the same level as before the start of the experiment (Table 2).

Table 1. Changes in the level of the main biochemical parameters of the blood of Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on 3 g of hawthorn fruits, 3 g of rose hips, 3 g of blackcurrant leaves and 2 g of flax seeds

Days of experience Basic biochemical blood parameters Glucose level, mg/dl Alkaline phosphatase level, U/L Urea level, mg/dl - before the start of the experiment 70 165 8 - in 10 days 72 163 8 - in 20 days 70 163 11 - in 30 days 70 161 9

Table 2. Average daily milk yield of Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period using a herbal mixture based on 3 g of hawthorn fruits, 3 g of rose hips, 3 g of blackcurrant leaves and 2 g of flax seeds

Days of experience Average daily milk yield, l/day - before the start of the experiment 6-7 - in 10 days 6 - in 20 days 6 - in 30 days 6-7

It was decided to increase the dose of each component of the herbal mixture under study: hawthorn berries, rose hips and blackcurrant leaves up to 7 g of each component and flax seeds up to 4 g per head.

In the updated dosage, the use of a herbal collection in the form of a mixture of blackcurrant leaves 7 g, rose hips 7 g, hawthorn fruits 7 g, flax seeds 4 g per head has proven itself as a good way to correct the physiological and biochemical status and increase milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows in industrial complex conditions, since the values of the studied blood parameters and milk productivity reached or approached the reference values, which was confirmed by further studies.

The need to further increase the dose of the herbal mixture components was no longer necessary, since the research goals had already been achieved.

Production tests of the herbal mixture based on the fruits of hawthorn blood-red, rose hips, black currant leaves and flax seeds were carried out during the winter stall period at the Romanenko peasant farm, controlled by the State Budgetary Institution of the Zheleznogorsk District and the city of Zheleznogorsk.

The object of the study was cows of the third lactation, three months after calving, of the Holstein breed. The experiment was conducted on two groups (control and experimental) of animals with 5 heads in each, selected according to the principle of pairs - analogues. The average live weight of cows in the control and experimental groups was 500-510 kg.

All animals received the standard basic diet of the farm. Cows in the control group received the basic diet, animals in the experimental group were given a herbal mixture in addition to the basic diet in the following composition: blackcurrant leaves 7 g, rose hips 7 g, hawthorn fruits 7 g, flax seeds 4 g per head by mixing with the feed mixture for 30 days.

The diets of the experimental animals were composed taking into account the nutritional value of the feeds and were periodically changed during the study. In general, the diets were balanced in terms of the main nutrients in accordance with detailed feeding standards (A.P. Kalashnikov et al., 2003).

The lifetime assessment of correction processes was carried out based on the main physiological and biochemical parameters of cows’ blood, average daily milk yields and milk quality (Tables 3, 4, 5).

In the cows of the experimental group, which received a supplement in the form of a herbal mixture (blackcurrant leaves, rose hips, hawthorn fruits, flax seeds, etc.) together with the main diet, positive changes in the main hematological parameters of the blood were observed (Table 3).

Table 3. Changes in the level of hematological parameters of the blood of Holstein cows under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period when using a herbal mixture based on the fruits of hawthorn blood-red, rose hips, black currant leaves and flax seeds.

Group Indicators Days of research Day 10 Day 20 Day 30 Control (OR) Erythrocytes 10 ¹² /l 5.17±0.21 5.09±0.36 5.15±0.38 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 12.14±0.70 12.21±0.62 13.36±0.28 Hemoglobin g/l 85.2±3.91 84.5±2.22 85.7±1.87 Prototype (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves) Erythrocytes 10 ¹² /l 5.11±0.29 5.45±0.21 5.97±0.61 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 10.49±0.35 9.83±0.69 8.9±0.98 Hemoglobin g/l 87.4±5.03 89.4±6.23 94.1±2.67 Experimental (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves + rose hips + flax seeds) Erythrocytes 10 ¹² /l 5.34±0.57 6.71±1.37 8.24±0.13 Leukocytes 10 ⁹ /l 10.98±0.36 9.02±0.28 7.1±0.6 Hemoglobin g/l 86.2±1.7 99.6±2.4 115.2±3.8

As an indicator of the influence of stress factors on the physiological and biochemical composition of blood, hepatobiliary and excretory systems, the content of glucose, alkaline phosphatase and urea, respectively, were considered. During the entire experiment, the blood serum glucose levels in the control group cows remained relatively high, while a significant decrease in glucose levels was observed in the experimental group cows. The alkaline phosphatase indicator in the control group cows was at the upper limits of the reference values throughout the experiment, while a significant decrease was observed in the experimental group cows. The urea level in the experimental group cows normalized compared to the animals of the control group (Table 4).

Table 4. Changes in the level of glucose, alkaline phosphatase and urea in the blood of Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period using a herbal mixture based on hawthorn fruits, rose hips, black currant leaves and flax seeds.

Biochemical parameters studied Control group (CG) Prototype (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves) Experimental (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves + rose hips + flax seeds) Urea 8-13 16-25 31-34 Glucose 70-72 61-69 54-56 Alkaline phosphatase 160-164 140-150 114-130

The percentage of protein, fat, density, and average daily milk yield were considered as indicators of milk productivity and milk quality. Throughout the experiment, the indicators of milk productivity and milk quality remained relatively low in the cows of the control group, while a noticeable increase in values was observed in the cows of the experimental group (Table 5).

Table 5. Changes in milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows kept under industrial stress conditions during the winter stall period using a herbal mixture based on hawthorn berries, rose hips, blackcurrant leaves and flax seeds.

Milk productivity and milk quality indicators Control group (CG) Prototype (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves) Experimental (OR + hawthorn berries + blackcurrant leaves + rose hips + flax seeds) Protein, % 2.6-2.7 2.9-3.1 3.1-3.3 Fat, % 1.30-1.8 2.0-2.2 2.7-2.9 Density, kg/ ^m2 1,028-1,030 1,030-1,031 1,031 Average daily milk yield, l/day 6-7 7-7.5 8-9

Claims (2)

A method for correcting the physiological and biochemical status, increasing milk productivity and milk quality in Holstein cows during the winter stall period, consisting of feeding, together with the main diet, a herbal mixture based on blackcurrant leaves and bloody-red hawthorn fruits for 30 days by mixing the herbal mixture with the feed mixture, characterized in that flax seeds and rose hips are added to the herbal mixture in the form of a mixture in the following composition g/head: blackcurrant leaves 7 rose hips 7 fruits of hawthorn blood-red 7 flax seeds 4