RU2271656C2 - Method for increasing the level of natural body resistance and productive peculiarities in young swine under conditions of increased density of radiocesium-induced soil contamination - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: one should apply biologically active additive named "Midium" in feeding animals. Moreover, one should add the above-mentioned fodder additive daily in swine from the age of 4.5 mo up to 8.5 mo period at the dosage of 10 g/kg dietary dry matter. The innovation suggested improves health state in young swine, increases the intensity of their growth and quality of pork.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, to methods of raising pigs, and in particular to the field of preventive and recreational activities aimed at improving the health of young pigs, increasing the intensity of their growth, as well as improving the quality of pork, and can be used in industrial complexes for the production of pork, on small commodity farms with various technologies for raising animals, in breeding and farming enterprises.

Numerous studies have established that an increased content of ¹³⁷ Cs in soils determines a higher incorporation of this element in animal tissue and a decrease, under the influence of the chronic exposure of the radionuclide, of the functional activity of the body's defense systems providing homeostasis (Annenkov B.N., Yudintseva E.V. "Fundamentals of agricultural radiology ". M: Agropromizdat, 1991, 287 p.). A decrease in the body's natural resistance in animals entails a decrease in the minimum infectious doses of microorganisms for the development of the infectious process, an increase in the number of cases with a severe clinical course of the disease, an exacerbation of latent forms of infections with their transition to manifest ones. The productivity of animals under such conditions decreases, and the death rate increases.

Improving the body's resistance to adverse factors, including ionizing radiation, is an important, effective lever in a comprehensive program for maintaining animal health in an environmental disaster caused by environmental pollution by radionuclides and heavy metal salts.

Known methods for increasing the natural resistance of the body using biologically active substances. The richest source of biologically active drugs are the inhabitants of the oceans - mollusks, fish, mammals, in which substances with a different spectrum of biological activity and pharmacological effectiveness are found. The ability to increase the body resistance of the drug gangliin (tinrostim), which is obtained from the optical ganglia of a commercial type of squid, has been revealed. There is evidence of the anti-radiation activity of the drug MIGI-K - an acidic hydrolyzate of mussel meat, its ability to increase the overall resistance of the body. A by-product (precipitate) in the production of the mussel hydrolyzate of therapeutic and prophylactic use (MIGI-K LP), which is produced by Bioprogress VNITI Biological Industry CJSC (Shchelkovo, Moscow Region), is the Midium feed additive containing melanoidins, all essential amino acids , 15-40% lipids, with 30-50% unsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic. The feed additive contains 19-30% of minerals and trace elements, in particular Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, K, Ca, Mg.

The drug was previously proposed as a feed additive to the main diet in fur farming to increase the body's natural resistance and productive indicators of animals (RF patent No. 2097982 "Feed additive", MKI C1 6 A 23 K 1/10. Application No. 96102743/13. Claim 14.02 .96. Publish. December 10, 97. Bull. No. 3. Authors - Besedina TV, Novikova MV, Rekhina NI - prototype).

The authors of this invention to increase the natural resistance of the body and productive indicators of animals used "Midium" as a biologically active additive in the diet (previously diluted in 3 times the amount of water and mixed with food) in an amount of 3-4 g per 1 kg of animal weight, as continuously during the production period, and 10-day courses. The use of the Midium preparation in fur farming was approved by the Pharmaceutical Council on June 16, 1994 (protocol No. 2, registration number TAC 2.03.0115-94) and is carried out according to the Manual of the Department of Veterinary of the Ministry of Agriculture (No. 13-5-2 / 513 of 01.26.96) the use of the Midium feed product in fur farming.

Information on the use of feed medium Midium in the patent and scientific literature was not found in the patent and scientific literature on the use of pigs in rearing young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radioactive cesium and radionuclides.

The aim of the invention is to increase the functional activity of the mechanisms of nonspecific resistance of an organism in young pigs, to increase their body's resistance to a set of adverse factors contained in water, feed and air, including heavy metals and radionuclides, as well as to intensify animal growth, increase meat productivity and quality of pork with using the Midium feed additive.

In the present invention, the feed additive "Midium" in the amount of 10 g / kg of dry matter of the diet for 4 months is fed daily to pigs (from 4.5 to 8.5 months of age), contained in conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radioactive cesium, and receive effective indicators of increasing the level of nonspecific resistance of the organism, animal growth, and a decrease in the content of radiocesium and heavy metals in organs and tissues.

An essential sign is that the stimulating effect on the body of pigs kept in conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radioactive cesium is carried out by including within a period of 4 months (from 4.5 to 8.5 months of age) a multicomponent biologically active feed additive in the diet "Midium" of natural origin (based on the amount of dry matter of the diet) at a dose of 10 g / kg of dry matter of feed.

Midium, exhibiting antiradical and antioxidant properties due to the presence of melanoids, consisting of high and low molecular weight nitrogen-containing substances with the presence of aromatic and heterocyclic structures, activating the antioxidant-antiradical defense system enzymes, neutralizes free radicals generated in an increased amount resulting from peroxidation lipids in conditions of chronic tissue irradiation with incorporated radiocesium, and prevents the formation of new products of oxidation of nene saturated lipids. In addition, the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the Midium feed additive that helps stabilize biomembranes, as well as biogenic macrocells, low molecular weight nitrogenous compounds, explains its optimizing effect on metabolic processes in animals. As a result of the intake of Midium, neutralization and a decrease in the rate of formation of lipid peroxidation products, normalization of the state of cell membranes, which prevents premature aging and destruction of cells, normalizes metabolic processes in the body, enhances phagocytic and cellular immunity, and as a result, an increase in the body's resistance to disease, growth intensification and an increase in product quality.

The calculation form of the feed additive, based on the amount of dry matter of the diet, is the most technologically advanced and allows you to use the drug without significant labor costs, which helps optimize the zootechnical, physiological and biochemical parameters characterizing the functional activity of the body's defense mechanisms.

Example. A method has been tested to increase nonspecific resistance, meat productivity and quality of meat of young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radiocaesium by including the Midium biologically active feed additive in the diet, which was used in feeding young pigs daily from 4.5 to 8.5 -monthly age.

To study the effectiveness of the use of the Midium biologically active feed additive for growing young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination of the farm with radioactive cesium, a scientific and economic experiment was conducted at the STF SKHPK Rodina, Novozybkovsky District, Bryansk Region (15-40 Ku / km ² ). Taking into account live weight and growth intensity, 4 groups (12 goals each) of gilts of large white breed of 4.5 months of age with an average live weight of 45.40 kg were formed on the principle of paired analogues. Animals of group 1 (control) received the main diet, which was balanced by basic nutrients in accordance with generally accepted standards. In addition to the main diet, animals of groups 2, 3, and 4 (experimental) were fed with Midium daily at doses of 5 g / kg, 10 g / kg, and 15 g / kg of dry matter, respectively, for 4 months. Midium feed additive was provided by Bioprogress CJSC VNITI Biological Industry (Shchelkovo, Moscow Region). 4 months after the start of feeding the drug, individual animals were weighed and blood samples were taken for analysis.

According to the combination of zootechnical and physiological and biochemical parameters, the most effective and recommended dose of the Midium biologically active feed additive contributes to an increase in the level of nonspecific resistance of the organism, meat productivity and meat quality of young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radiocaesium from pigs used in feeding young cattle 4.5 to 8.5 months of age compared with the traditional raising of pigs on household diets is a dose of 10 g / kg dry weight of the diet.

The experimental material shown in the table on the combination of zootechnical and physiological-biochemical parameters indicates the advantages of the proposed method of raising young pigs over the traditional (control group).

Table
Pig growth and indicators characterizing the state of defense mechanisms, protein and mineral metabolism (duration of experiment - from 4.5 to 8.5 months of age) Indicators Control The proposed method one 2 3 The number of animals in groups 12 12 one 2 3 Live weight of pigs, kg: at the beginning of the experiment 45.25 ± 1.81 45.00 ± 1.35 at the end of the experiment 92.17 ± 4.01 97.58 ± 2.43 The average daily gain in live weight during the experimental period, g 404.45 ± 21.31 453.30 ± 19.44 Costs per 1 kg of live weight gain Feed units 6.55 5.85 Metabolic energy, MJ 70.39 63.07 Digestible protein, g 507.93 457.12 Cost-effectiveness of the drug Gross gain of one head per experience, kg 46.92 52,58 The cost of feed, rub 421,402 421,402 The cost of 1 kg of additives, rub fifty Realization price of 1 kg of live weight, rubles. 27 27 Sales revenue, rub 1266.84 1419.66 Profit from sales, rubles 845,438 879,258 Additional income, rub 33.82 Indicators of nitrogen balance in pigs after 4 months of the experiment (g / head per day) Accepted 57.84 ± 0.00 58.42 ± 0.00 Highlighted with feces 8.25 ± 0.93 8.49 ± 0.32 Overcooked 49.60 ± 0.93 49.93 ± 0.32 Excreted in urine 34.39 ± 1.83 34.23 ± 1.16 Allocated 42.64 ± 1.55 42.72 ± 1.23 Held in body 15.21 ± 1.55 15.71 ± 1.23 one 2 3 % to accepted 26.29 ± 2.68 26.88 ± 2.10 % to digested 30.69 ± 3.17 31.44 ± 2.39 Indicators of calcium balance in pigs after 4 months of the experiment (g / head day) Accepted 17.40 ± 0.00 17.60 ± 0.00 Highlighted with feces 10.12 ± 0.73 9.80 ± 0.23 Overcooked 7.28 ± 0.73 7.80 ± 0.23 Excreted in urine 2.39 ± 0.43 3.08 ± 0.13 Allocated 12.51 ± 0.85 12.88 ± 0.20 Held in body 4.89 ± 0.85 4.72 ± 0.20 % to accepted 28.10 ± 4.91 26.82 ± 1.14 % to digested 66.32 ± 7.42 60.49 ± 1.48 Indicators of phosphorus balance in pigs after 4 months of the experiment (g / head per day) Accepted 16.00 ± 0.00 16.00 ± 0.00 Highlighted with feces 10.04 ± 0.28 10.53 ± 0.17 Overcooked 3.95 ± 0.34 3.36 ± 0.21 Excreted in urine 2.90 ± 0.39 2.55 ± 0.05 Allocated 12.95 ± 0.36 13.08 ± 0.17 Held in body 3.06 ± 0.36 2.92 ± 0.17 one 2 3 % to accepted 19.10 ± 2.27 18.27 ± 1.08 % to digested 78.12 ± 9.38 86.98 ± 1.70 Ca / P ratio in feed 1,1 1,1 Ca / P ratio of elements retained in the body 1.84 ± 0.08 2.34 ± 0.19 Indicators of control slaughter of pigs after 4 months of the experiment Slaughter live weight, kg 95.33 ± 2.33 99.00 ± 0.00 Carcass weight, kg 63.96 ± 3.18 68.11 ± 1.81 Weight int. fat kg 2.43 ± 0.32 2.26 ± 0.42 Slaughter yield,% 69.58 ± 1.32 71.08 ± 2.21 The composition of the carcass; Meat kg 32.97 ± 1.78 36.47 ± 0.43 % to carcass 51.54 ± 1.23 53.60 ± 1.2b Fat, kg 22.16 ± 1.49 23.31 ± 1.87 % to carcass 34.61 ± 1.16 34.13 ± 1.96 Bones, kg 8.84 ± 0.25 8.33 ± 0.32 % to carcass 13.85 ± 0.33 12.27 ± 0.71 The output of meat per 1 kg of bones, kg 3.73 ± 0.14 4.39 ± 0.15 * The specific activity of ¹³⁷ Cs in muscles, Bq / kg 137.77 ± 18.82 106.20 ± 11.44 heavy metal content, mg / kg Copper Liver 16.562 ± 0.62 15.909 ± 1.02 Kidney 29.88 ± 4.88 35.73 ± 2.86 Muscle 3.018 ± 0.78 1.839 ± 0.11 Bone 4.668 ± 0.39 3.970 ± 0.12 Zinc Liver 103.78 ± 4.30 113.38 ± 11.26 one 2 3 Kidney 123.88 ± 12.9 180.26 ± 5.80 * Muscle 64.19 ± 1.16 46.45 ± 4.48 * Bone 100.86 ± 4.48 85.50 ± 3.74 Nickel Liver 6.362 ± 0.72 2.966 ± 0.12 * Kidney 3.845 ± 0.91 2.824 ± 0.44 Muscle 4.541 ± 0.84 1.966 ± 0.30 * Bone 6.193 ± 0.20 6.900 ± 0.48 Lead Liver 1.534 ± 0.02 1,800 ± 0,28 Kidney 1.984 ± 0.09 1.654 ± 0.15 * Muscle 1.091 ± 0.08 0.793 ± 0.07 * Bone 3.90 ± 0.81 3,481 ± 1,15 Cadmium Liver 0.135 ± 0.013 0.165 ± 0.032 Kidney 0.189 ± 0.02 0.204 ± 0.02 Muscle 0.047 ± 0.01 0.033 ± 0.009 Bone 0.041 ± 0.026 0.017 ± 0.010 Pig hemogram after 4 months of experiment Red blood cells, 10 ¹² / l 6.82 ± 0.89 7.54 ± 0.43 Hemoglobin, g / l 85.40 ± 10.42 91.20 ± 10.74 White blood cells, 10 ⁹ / L 19.22 ± 2.05 17.12 ± 1.26 Neutrophils,% 27.86 ± 3.52 17.37 ± 1.68 * Eosinophils,% 5.31 ± 0.93 4.77 ± 0.95 Basophils,% 0.78 ± 0.24 0.88 ± 0.20 Monocytes,% 4.06 ± 0.37 2.54 ± 0.32 * Lymphocytes,% 62.17 ± 4.34 74.46 ± 2.41 * Absorption capacity of neutrophils of blood of pigs after 4 months of the experiment Phagocytic basal indicator,% 55.88 ± 5.11 57.60 ± 9.53 one 2 3 Phagocytic indicator stimulated,% 66.70 ± 3.17 70.53 ± 5.69 The basal phagocytosis index, cu 4.47 ± 0.35 4.90 ± 0.36 Index of phagocytosis stimulated, cu 4.24 ± 0.17 5.26 ± 0.19 * Indicators of the microbicidal ability of neutrophils in pig blood after 4 months of experiment * HCT-positive basal,% 7.40 ± 0.60 21.50 ± 5.13 * HCT-positive stimulated% 50.23 ± 3.38 52.27 ± 4.47 Basal neutrophil activation index 0.08 ± 0.01 0.28 ± 0.08 * Neutrophil activation index stimulated 0.71 ± 0.09 0.83 ± 0.08 The average cytochemical coefficient 0.45 ± 0.13 0.86 ± 0.21 Indicators of the immune status of the organism of pigs after 4 months of the experiment T-lymphocytes,% 73.07 ± 3.08 76.07 ± 1.98 T-suppressors / killers,% 28.47 ± 4.17 25.58 ± 4.82 T-helpers / inductors,% 44.60 ± 2.68 50.48 ± 5.81 T-helpers / T-suppressors 1,57 1.97 B-lymphocytes,% 26.33 ± 1.97 29.58 ± 2.83 IgG, mg / ml 25.48 ± 1.28 25.68 ± 0.35 IgM, mg / ml 4.19 ± 0.26 4.29 ± 0.23 IgA, mg / ml 0.87 ± 0.12 1.02 ± 0.12 Biochemical blood parameters of pigs after 4 months of the experiment Total protein, g / l 76.70 ± 1.98 76.82 ± 1.01 Albumin, g / l 23.68 ± 1.23 22.97 ± 1.19 α-globulins, g / l 13.70 ± 0.82 15.52 ± 0.74 β-globulins, g / l 11.09 ± 0.33 11.88 ± 0.95 γ-globulins, g / l 26.45 ± 1.30 28.34 ± 2.46 * HCT nitro blue tetrazolium
Note. * - P <0.05 with respect to the control group

The studied indicators characterizing the state of protective mechanisms, protein and mineral metabolism, confirm the pronounced stimulating effect on the body of young pigs of the proposed method of growing. If young pigs of large white breed of the control group kept under conditions of soil contamination density with radiocaesium of 15-40 Ku / km ^{2 are} found to discoordinate the absorption and microbicidal functions of blood neutrophils, as well as exceeding the maximum permissible concentration (MAC) of certain heavy metals in tissues and organs, then daily feeding of Midium to pigs at a dose of 10 g / kg of dry matter of the diet led to an increase in the body's natural resistance, optimization of the T-lymphocyte immune composition Istemi, the state of the protein and mineral metabolism, increase productivity and meat quality of pork. Evidence of this is: activation of lymphopoiesis (an increase in the number of lymphocytes by 19.77%) and the ability of blood neutrophils to absorb foreign material (an increase in the phagocytic index by 24.06%); increased reactivity of microbicidal oxidase systems (increase in the number of HCT-positive blood neutrophils in basal conditions by 190.54%, neutrophil activation index by 250.00%); the tendency to optimize the T-helper / suppressor ratio and to decrease the specific activity of radiocesium in the muscles by 22.90%. At the same time, the animals showed a decrease in nickel in the liver by 53.38%, in the kidneys by 34%, muscles by 56.70%, and lead in the kidneys by 16.6% and in muscles by 27.3% , which was accompanied by optimization: protein metabolism, as evidenced by an increase of 17.69% in meat yield per 1 kg of bones in a pig carcass and a tendency to increase by 3.29% in the amount of nitrogen retained in the body; calcium-phosphorus nutrition of animals, as indicated by an increase in the calcium-phosphorus ratio in the assimilated part of these mineral elements (up to 2.34 ± 0.19 versus 1.84 ± 0.08 in the control) compared with their ratio in the diet (1, one).

The activation of the body’s protective mechanisms, optimization of protein and mineral metabolism in pigs fed 10 g / kg dry matter of the Midium diet ration contributed to a reduction in the cost of feed units (by 10.69%), metabolic energy (by 10.40%) and digestible protein (by 10.00%) per 1 kg of gain in live weight with a tendency to an increase in average daily gain (by 12.08%), which ensured additional income of 33.82 rubles per head. The inventive method is simple, cheap and technologically advanced.

Claims (1)

A method of increasing the natural resistance of the body and the productive qualities of young pigs under conditions of increased density of soil contamination with radioactive cesium, which involves the use of the Midium dietary supplement in feeding animals, characterized in that pigs are fed daily from 4.5 to 8.5 months of age Midium feed additive in a dose of 10 g / kg of dry matter of the diet.