RU2819252C1 - Granulated high-protein fodder for farm animals and method for its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to fodders intended for animals, with high content of proteins and fibre. Granulated high-protein fodder for farm animals is obtained from the above-ground part of plants consisting of 100% plant mass of Bassia prostrata (forage kochia), mowed in the growth phase of the stem and side shoots in the second and subsequent years of plant life. Method of fodder production includes preliminary cutting of kochia plants and drying to moisture content of 14–16%, additional cutting, crushing and grinding of the crushed mass with destruction of thickened stems, crushing to particle size of 1–2 mm. Obtained mass is mixed to create a mixture homogeneous in terms of granulometric composition, and then granulated.

EFFECT: use of the group of inventions enables to obtain high-protein nutrition for farm animals.

1 cl, 2 tbl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to feed intended for animals, high in protein and fiber.

Granulated food for moose is known, consisting of 50-70% twig food, crushed to a particle size of 5-20 mm. For long-term storage, the moisture content of the granules should not exceed 14%. [Copyright certificate SU 1729392A1, A23K1/161992 - analogue].

The disadvantage of this feed is the low quality of granulation due to the large particle size of the crushed mass of twig feed.

A known feed additive for farm animals, consisting of chopped grass collected during flowering [Patent RU 2054267 C1, A23K 1/16 (MPK ⁶ ) 1996 - analogue].

The disadvantage of this feed additive is that plant raw materials collected during the flowering period of the plant are characterized by insufficient protein content. Therefore, the use of this additive for fattening cattle is not effective.

The closest to the claimed invention, adopted as a prototype, is a feed additive for poultry, including chopped grass obtained by extracting the above-ground part of the grass mass collected during the growing season or mass budding before flowering [Patent RU 2202900 C2, A23K 1/16 ( MPK ⁷ ), A23K 1/00 (MPK ⁷ ), A01N65/00 (MPK ⁷ )2001 - prototype].

The disadvantage of this feed additive is that it cannot be used as an additive for ruminants, since it is intended for use in poultry farming for fattening broiler chickens.

There is a known method for the production of pressed feed from green plants, including high-temperature drum drying of grass cutting, separation of the leaf part, crushing of the stem part, mixing and granulation [Copyright certificate SU 1395268 A23K 1/14 MPK ⁴ 1998].

The disadvantage of this granulation method is that high-temperature drum drying of grass cuttings leads to overdrying of the leaf part and a decrease in its carotene and protein content. In addition, granulating the overdried crushed stem part mixed with a similar leaf part requires additional moisture and significant energy costs when pressing the granules.

The objective of the present invention is to create granulated feed for farm animals with a high content of protein and fiber and a method for its production.

The objective is achieved by the fact that granulated high-protein feed for farm animals and a method for its production, including the above-ground part of plants, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), mowed in the growth phase of the stem and lateral shoots in the second and subsequent years of life plants.

A method for producing granulated high-protein feed for farm animals including cutting, crushing the stem part, mixing and granulating; after cutting, the crushed mass is first dried to a moisture content of 14-16%, then additional step-by-step cutting, crushing and abrasion of the crushed mass is carried out with the destruction of the thickened kochia stems stretched (prutnyak), after which crushing is carried out to a particle size of 1-2 mm, mixing to create a mixture structure that is homogeneous in granulometric composition and its subsequent granulation.

The proposed invention is illustrated by illustrations.

In fig. Figure 1 shows the initial above-ground part of the plants, consisting of 100% of the plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), mowed during the growth phase of the stem and lateral shoots in the second and subsequent years of plant life.

In fig. Figure 2 shows high-protein granulated feed for farm animals, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig) after granulation.

In fig. 3 - above-ground part of plants, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), after initial cutting.

In fig. 4 - above-ground part of plants, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), after additional cutting.

In fig. 5 - above-ground part of plants, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), after crushing and abrasion.

In fig. 6 - above-ground part of plants, consisting of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (twig), after crushing, prepared for granulation.

High-protein granulated feed for farm animals from 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata (Prutnyak) (Fig. 2), mowed in the growth phase of the stem and lateral shoots in the second and subsequent years of plant life (Fig. 1) has a number of advantages with similar granules made from alfalfa plant matter.

Firstly, the quality indicators of granulated feed from Kochia prostrata, obtained in the testing laboratory of the North Caucasus branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Center for Grain Quality Assessment” (Table 1), are not inferior to the quality indicators of alfalfa feed (Table 2).

Table 1 - Results of tests of IL of the North Caucasus branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Center for Grain Quality Assessment" of granulated high-protein feed for farm animals from 100% plant mass of kochia prostrate (prutnyak)

Table 2 - Comparative indicators of the quality of crushed plant mass of Kochia prostrata (prutnyak) of alfalfa

No. Indicator name Chopped plant mass of twigs Ground alfalfa plant matter 1. Metabolic energy, MJ/kg 12.0 8 2. Moisture, % 5.16 16.2 3. Crude protein,% 13.01 15.4 4. Crude fat, % 1.5 2.1 5. Crude fiber, % 31.6 27.6 6. BEV, % 56.39 31.8 7. Calcium,% 1.2 2.0 8. Phosphorus, % 0.23 0.33

In addition, the presence of crude fiber in the crushed plant mass of kochia prostrate (prutnyak) (Table 1), one of the main indicators affecting the productivity of cattle, increasing appetite and increasing weight gain, is 14% higher than in alfalfa hay (Table 2 ).

Secondly, kochia prostrata (prutnyak) grows in arid areas, with high air temperatures that have large daily fluctuations, and does not require irrigation.

Thirdly, twig is a perennial phytomeliorative plant that has the ability to grow for 7-10 years without sowing seeds on the same lands, which can be used as pastures.

The essence of the method for producing granulated high-protein feed for farm animals is as follows.

After mowing kochia prostrate (twig) in the growth phase of the stem and lateral shoots in the second and subsequent years of plant life (Fig. 1), the green mass is subjected to preliminary cutting and drying to a moisture content of 14-16%.

This is due to the fact that in this phase the green mass of the twig has a highly heterogeneous fractional composition in size and moisture content in the leaves and stem parts (Fig. 3).

Then step-by-step additional cutting is carried out (Fig. 4), crushing and abrasion until the thickened stems are destroyed and crushed (Fig. 5).

After this, crushing is carried out to a particle size of 1-2 mm and mixing in order to create a mixture structure that is uniform in granulometric composition (Fig. 6) and its subsequent granulation.

The granulated high-protein feed for farm animals obtained in this way has good organoleptic characteristics, an aromatic odor with a wormwood flavor, a uniform dark greenish color, as well as a smooth, dense cylindrical shape without voids and cracks. Such granules retain their nutritional properties well during long-term storage. The density of the granules is 1220 kg/m ³ , which makes it possible to significantly (almost 8 times) reduce storage volumes compared to storing chopped hay.

The use of granulated feed from kochia prostrata (prutnyak) and the method of its preparation will make it possible to obtain high-protein nutrition for farm animals, increase their productivity during fattening, reduce the energy intensity of the set of technological operations of granulation and will provide the possibility of repeated use of kochia prostrate (prutnyak) crops in arid areas for feed preparation.

Claims (2)

1. Granulated high-protein feed for farm animals, including the above-ground part of plants, characterized in that it consists of 100% plant mass of Kochia prostrata - twigs, mowed in the growth phase of the stem and lateral shoots in the second and subsequent years of plant life. 2. A method for producing granulated high-protein feed for farm animals, including mowing the plant mass of Kochia prostrata - twigs, chopping its stem part, mixing and granulating, characterized in that after mowing the crushed mass is dried to a moisture content of 14-16%, then additional step-by-step cutting is carried out , crushing and abrasion of the crushed mass with the destruction of the thickened stems of Kochia prostrata - prutnyak, after which crushing is carried out to a particle size of 1-2 mm, mixing to create a homogeneous granulometric composition of the mixture structure and its subsequent granulation.