RU2803046C1 - Complex for waste processing using non-waste and non-landfill technology - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention is intended for processing of solid municipal waste, industrial organic, sludge from sewage systems using a waste-free and non-landfill technology. The waste processing complex contains a waste sorting and processing unit, drying chamber (15) for hydrocarbon waste, at least one rotating drum-type pyrolysis unit (28) with a cylindrical combustion chamber, and an associated unit for generating singlet oxygen for supply to the burner of the combustion chamber and into the internal tank of unit (28), at least one condensation unit (30) of the vapour-gas mixture from pyrolysis unit (28), made with the possibility of obtaining pyrogenic water, pyrolysis gas and liquid, and a unit for converting carbonaceous solid the residue from pyrolysis unit (28) into solid fuel briquettes, consisting of storage bin (35) and solid fuel briquettes production line (36), installed in series and interconnected. The combustion chamber of unit (28) is equipped with swirlers inside, connected to tubular pyro coils and consists of a first section of a larger diameter and a second section of a smaller diameter connected to each other by a conical adapter, and is also made with the possibility of intensive swirling of the torch and formation of a laminar flow with a minimum temperature in its centre and the maximum temperature at the walls of the combustion chamber.

EFFECT: increased environmental safety and efficiency of processing wastes of various origins by organizing a complex process for sorting and recycling, as well as by increasing the intensity of thermochemical destruction of hydrogen-carbon wastes in an oxygen-free environment of a pyrolysis unit.

12 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of use in housing and communal services and industry and is intended for processing, using waste-free and landfill-free technology, solid municipal waste, industrial organic, mineral waste, sludge from sewage sewerage systems, agricultural waste, coal mining and coal processing, oil production and oil refining , peat processing enterprises, food industry, forestry and timber processing, and other industries that generate hydrocarbon-containing waste (hereinafter collectively referred to as waste).

Recycling refers to a set of actions aimed at reusing waste in economic activities and obtaining from them the maximum possible amount of useful substances. Recycling includes the following methods for handling environmentally hazardous waste:

- treatment is a set of preliminary actions that are carried out before further neutralization or disposal of waste. Processing involves sorting waste, separating it by type, material, and fraction. It is also the purification of waste from associated components for the subsequent use of secondary raw materials.

- neutralization - reducing the negative impact of waste on the environment. Neutralization involves reducing the mass and volume of waste, as well as changing the composition and properties. For example, neutralization can be carried out by burning waste - as a result, its mass decreases, but pollutants may be released into the atmosphere.

- recycling is a type of activity aimed at extracting useful components from waste for subsequent use in secondary production. Currently, new recycling methods are being actively developed, as they help obtain useful materials for various manufacturing industries.

Processing using waste-free and landfill-free technology involves comprehensive waste sorting, complete processing of the organic part - the so-called “tails” of sorting, waste without harmful emissions into the atmosphere and with the release of a number of commercial products such as pyrolysis gas, liquid boiler fuel, middle distillate, carbon black , carbonaceous residue or biocoke. At the same time, the inorganic part of the waste is taken through special separation equipment to a fine crushing line to obtain marketable products in the form of inert materials for sale to factories in the construction materials industry. Thus, in this technology there is no need to use landfills for disposal of sorting products, thermal or other processing.

A complex for processing household and industrial organic waste (RU 2392543 C2, published on June 20, 2010) is known from the prior art, containing a pyrolysis unit and a group of capacitors connected to a liquid separation unit. The operation of a pyrolysis unit involves dividing a vapor-gas mixture into fractions by separating the medium of liquid hydrocarbons from water, removing gaseous products, cooling and condensing them. Each of the capacitors is presented in the form of cooled external and internal cylinders. In the liquid separation unit, liquid pyrolysis products are collected and separated into components: liquid hydrocarbons and aqueous pyrolysis products.

The main disadvantage of this invention is the absence of an integrated landfill-free technology for waste processing, since there are no stages for their sorting and selection. Disadvantages also include the low efficiency of thermal destruction of organic substances, associated with the presence of a large amount of surface water in the processed waste, and the low quality of liquid fuel obtained after separation from water.

A waste processing complex (RU 2576711 C2, published on March 10, 2016) was selected as a prototype, containing a unit for selecting hydrocarbon waste from the total mass, including a sequentially interconnected separator, a sorting platform for manual selection of non-recyclable waste fractions, and a magnetic tape installed above it. a separator for selecting ferrous metals, as well as a crusher, at least one rotating drum-type pyrolysis unit with a cylindrical combustion chamber equipped with at least one burner and connected to a tubular pyrolysis coil, a condensation unit in the form of heat exchangers for obtaining pyrolysis products from the vapor-gas mixture from the pyrolysis unit gas and liquid, as well as storage tanks.

The disadvantages of the prototype are low productivity and increased energy costs due to the need for long-term cooling of the carbon residue in the reactor before unloading and subsequent heating of the reactor for pyrolysis, low quality of the resulting liquid fractions due to the ineffective separation of the vapor-gas mixture into water and fuel fractions in the heat exchangers used, as well as incomplete preliminary preparation of hydrocarbon waste before pyrolysis.

The technical problem to be solved by the proposed invention is the difficulty of organizing a landfill-free waste-free system for deep processing of waste by pyrolysis without access of oxygen through a sealed production cycle without direct contact of waste during the processing process with the environment. Such a system will make it possible to comprehensively sort waste, use the inorganic part after crushing in the form of inert materials for the construction industry, and completely recycle the organic part of waste without harmful emissions into the atmosphere with the release of various commercial products.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the environmental safety and efficiency of processing waste of various origins by organizing an integrated process for sorting and recycling, as well as by increasing the intensity of the thermochemical destruction of hydrocarbon waste in the oxygen-free environment of the pyrolysis unit.

The mentioned result is achieved by a waste processing complex containing sequentially installed and interconnected

- waste sorting and processing unit,

- drying chamber (15) for hydrocarbon waste,

- at least one rotating pyrolysis unit (28) of the drum type with a cylindrical combustion chamber equipped with swirlers inside, connected to tubular pyrolysis coils and consisting of a first section of a larger diameter and a second section of a smaller diameter interconnected by a conical adapter, and also designed with the possibility of intensive swirling of the torch and formation of a laminar flow with a minimum temperature in its center and a maximum temperature at the walls of the combustion chamber,

in this case, a block is connected to the pyrolysis unit (28) for the formation of singlet oxygen and its supply to the burner of the combustion chamber and into the internal container of the unit (28),

- condensation unit (30) of the vapor-gas mixture from the pyrolysis unit (28), designed to produce pyrogenic water, pyrolysis gas and liquid,

- a unit for converting the carbonaceous solid residue from the pyrolysis unit (28) into solid fuel briquettes, consisting of a storage hopper (35) and a line for the production of solid fuel briquettes (36).

The unit for selecting hydrocarbon waste from the total mass preferably includes a sequentially interconnected separator (2) for initial waste sorting, a bag breaker (8), a sorting platform (10) for manual selection of solid municipal waste, connected to a drying chamber (15), installed above platform (10) a belt magnetic separator (11) for selecting ferrous metals, as well as a crusher (4) connected to the separator (2) and sorting platform (10) for selected non-carbonic waste.

The separator is a gently inclined screen.

An induction melting furnace (13) is usually connected to the magnetic separator (11).

The hydrocarbon waste selection unit may include a tire shredder-shredder (37) installed after the separator with the ability to supply shredded tires to the sorting platform (10).

The complex may contain a sludge preparation unit connected to a drying chamber (15).

The sludge preparation unit mainly includes a sequentially interconnected moisture separator (17), a chamber (19) for mixing the sludge with sawdust, and a separator-water separator (22) connected to the drying chamber (15).

At the outlet of the pyrocoils, a conductor is installed to collect exhaust gases and subsequently supply them to the drying chamber (15).

The internal container of the pyrolysis unit (28) is sealed and the pyrolysis process takes place in it at temperatures from 450°C to 650°C.

The pyrolysis unit is equipped with multi-directional auger blades towards the center of the loading and unloading hatch, installed on the combustion chamber structure and pyrocoils, to level the loaded mass from the hatch to opposite sides of the internal capacity of the unit.

The complex may contain a gas piston station (33) connected to the condensation unit (30) through a storage tank (31) for generating electricity and thermal energy based on pyrolysis gas.

The complex may also contain a mini-refinery (34) connected to a condensation unit (30) to produce analogues of fuel oil, diesel fuel, low-octane gasoline and/or kerosene based on pyrolysis liquid.

First of all, the environmental safety and efficiency of processing waste of various origins is ensured by increasing the intensity of the thermochemical destruction of hydrocarbon waste in the oxygen-free environment of the pyrolysis unit, which became possible due to the inclusion of a drying chamber for hydrocarbon waste in the complex, the supply of singlet oxygen to the internal container of the pyrolysis unit and to the burner combustion chamber, installing swirlers inside the chamber and making it out of two sections of different diameters with the possibility of intense swirling of the torch and the formation of a laminar flow with a minimum temperature in its center and a maximum temperature on the walls of the combustion chamber. This also makes it possible to improve the quality of the resulting pyrolysis products.

The invention is illustrated using Figs. 1, 2.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a complex for processing waste such as municipal solid waste, industrial waste, sludge from the sewerage system and car tires using waste-free, landfill-free technology.

Figure 2a shows a cross-section of the pyrolysis unit.

Figure 2b shows a section A-A of the pyrolysis unit in Figure 2a.

Figure 2c shows a diagram of the exhaust gas outlet from the pyrolysis unit.

The proposed waste processing complex can be used for sorting and recycling using waste-free and landfill-free technology of various types of waste: solid municipal and industrial waste, mineral waste, agricultural waste, coal mining and coal processing, oil producing and oil refining, peat processing enterprises, food industry, forestry and timber processing. , and other industries that generate carbon-hydrogen-containing waste, as well as sludge from wastewater from sewerage systems.

The waste processing complex contains a waste sorting and processing unit, an associated drying chamber 15 for hydrocarbon waste, after which at least one rotating drum-type pyrolysis unit 28 is installed, and behind it are installations designed for processing pyrolysis products and converting them into commercial products: at least a condensation unit 30 for producing pyrogenic water, pyrolysis gas and liquid from a vapor-gas mixture and a unit for producing solid fuel briquettes from carbonaceous solid residue.

The waste sorting and treatment unit typically starts from the unloading area, and in a preferred embodiment has the following configuration. The unloading area is connected by means of a conveyor 1 with a separator 2 for the initial sorting of waste, made in the form of a gently inclined screen operating on the gravitational principle. By means of a screen, waste with a high specific gravity is selected, which is then removed from the total mass; as a rule, waste with mineral content is selected: concrete, brick, ceramics, etc. Two conveyors 3 and 7 depart from separator 2: conveyor 7 is connected to a bag breaker 8, and conveyor 3 is connected to a crusher 4 for selected waste that does not contain hydrocarbons, from which conveyor 5 extends to a storage hopper 6 of carbon-free waste. The waste in bin 6 is a commercial product and is supplied, for example, to concrete mortar and asphalt plants. A conveyor 9 extends from the bag breaker 8 to a sorting platform 10, intended for manual waste selection. Above the platform 10 there is a belt magnetic separator 11 for selecting ferrous metals and feeding them to a conveyor 12 connected to an induction melting furnace 13. Also connected to the platform 10 is a conveyor 14 connected to a crusher 4 for supplying manually selected waste that does not contain hydrocarbons.

The conveyor of the sorting platform 10 is directed to the entrance of the drying chamber 15, intended for processing the remaining hydrocarbon waste in the total mass. Chamber 15 is a longitudinal sealed container, the temperature in which, according to the preferred embodiment of the complex, is maintained by exhaust gases from the pyrolysis unit 28, but other heating options are also possible. In the preferred embodiment, the drying chamber 15 includes several conveyors located one above the other for moving the processed waste so that it is fed onto the upper conveyor and discharged through the lower one. Three conveyors with a length of about ten meters can be installed.

Additionally, a tire shredder 37 is installed in front of the sorting platform 10, to which tires are supplied from the loading area. Shredder-grinder 37 is connected to conveyor 7 or 9.

In some embodiments, the waste sorting and processing unit contains a unit for preparing sludge from wastewater sewerage systems, which is performed as follows. The conveyor 23 of the sludge preparation unit is directed to the entrance of the drying chamber 15. This block includes a moisture separator 17, to which sludge is supplied by a screw conveyor 16, a conveyor 18 connecting the moisture separator 17 and a chamber 19 for mixing the sludge with sawdust supplied by the conveyor 20, and a separator-water separator 22 connected by a conveyor 23 to the drying chamber 15 , connected by conveyor 21 to mixing chamber 19.

All of the listed elements of the waste sorting and processing unit are known from the prior art and are implemented by methods understandable to a specialist.

The complex mainly contains two rotating pyrolysis units 28, operating without air access and completely sealed. Each unit 28 (Fig. 2) is a drum-type steel container, inside of which is mounted a two-section cylindrical combustion chamber 40 with fixed swirlers 41 inside it and a burner capable of operating on various types of fuel: diesel, stove, biofuel, boiler, natural gas or pyrolysis. Pipe pyrozine coils 42 are welded to chamber 40, located at the same distance from each other throughout the internal volume of the pyrolysis unit 28. At the outlet of pyrolysis coils 42 from unit 28, a conductor 43 is usually installed to collect exhaust gases from chamber 40 and supply it with a fan 44 through a gradient filter - separator 45 into the drying chamber 15 (Fig. 1). After dryers 15, the exhaust flue gas is released into the atmosphere by a fan through a gradient separator filter.

The combustion chamber 40 has two sections: the first with a larger diameter and the second with a smaller diameter. The sections are interconnected by a conical adapter (Fig. 2). In the preferred embodiment, the first section of the chamber 40, in which the torch from the burner is formed, has a diameter of 500 mm, and the second section has a diameter of 320 mm, while the first swirler 41 is located at a distance of 1.8 m from the burner, the second - at a distance of 1. 4 m from the first swirler 41, and the third - at a distance of 1.4 m from the second, but there may be other parameters. Thus, chamber 40 is a high-speed gas-dynamic channel and is designed so that the exit of the torch from the burner from the zone of its formation to the pyrocoils 42 acquires an Intense Swirling Negatively Stressed flow (ISON flow), that is, due to the two-section combustion chamber 40, as well as stationary swirlers 41 provide intense swirling of the torch. This makes it possible to maintain the laminar structure of the flow and obtain high values of the static pressure gradient across the cross section of the separation channel, resulting in the effect of reducing the temperature in the central zone of the rotating gas flow with a simultaneous increase in temperature in the peripheral zone of the torch flow at the walls of the chamber 40, i.e. the effect of energy redistribution occurs in the rotating flare flow, with equal heating of all pyrolysis coils 42 and uniform heating of the mass of waste loaded into the internal container of the pyrolysis unit 28.

A person skilled in the art will understand the parameters of the combustion chamber 40 and the location of the swirlers 41 for the formation of an ISOFlow when developing a pyrolysis unit of one or another power.

It became possible to increase the efficiency of the process and at the same time significantly lower the temperature of the process while reducing the cycle time by mastering methods for excitation of reacting molecules and initiating branched chain reactions in the process of thermochemical decomposition of waste in pyrolysis units 28, as well as in the process of organizing combustion in the combustion chamber 40 for indirect heating waste by initiating branched chain reactions in the incoming pyrolysis gas and/or liquid fuel to the burner, thereby increasing the calorific value by three to five times.

A singlet oxygen generation unit is installed in safe proximity to the pyrolysis unit 28, which processes the air through electrical discharges or laser radiation. The isolated singlet oxygen is supplied to the burner to form a combustible mixture and to the internal container of the unit 28 to intensify the pyrolysis processes, reduce the temperature and time of formation of the vapor-gas mixture, which allows for high-speed deep decomposition and processing of various organic-containing compositions and media at low temperatures.

The pyrolysis unit 28 is mounted on rollers (bearings) on a frame and, through an electric drive and a chain system, is capable of rotating both clockwise and counterclockwise. To ensure uniform loading and unloading of waste, auger blades 46 are installed on the structure of the combustion chamber 40 and pyrocoils 42 in different directions to the center of the loading and unloading hatch 47.

Attached to the unit 28 is a compensation coupling (not shown in Fig.), through which the vapor-gas mixture released during the process of thermochemical destruction passes through a gradient filter-separator 29 through gas exhaust pipes and enters the condensation unit 30 (Fig. 1), which can be made for example, in the form of distillation columns or heat exchangers. In general, one skilled in the art will understand the possible designs of the condensation unit 30, in which pyrogenic water, as well as pyrolysis gas and liquid, are formed in several stages during the condensation of the vapor-gas mixture.

The complex usually provides a storage tank for pyrogenic water (not shown in the figure), from which it can then be discharged to treatment tanks for purification, neutralization and further use as process water.

There is also a storage tank 31 for condensed pyrolysis gas with a filter 32 connected to a gas storage tank 38 and/or, for example, to a gas piston cogeneration station 33 for generating electrical and thermal energy.

The condensation units 30 used are primarily connected by pipelines to a mini-refinery 34 for processing pyrolysis liquid and producing biosimilars of diesel fuel, low-octane gasoline, and kerosene. For mini-refinery products 34, storage tanks 39 can be installed.

In addition, the waste processing complex is equipped with a block for the production of solid fuel briquettes from carbon solid residue from the pyrolysis unit 28. This block consists of a carbon residue storage hopper 35 and a line for the production of solid fuel briquettes 36.

The declared complex is capable of processing all types of waste containing hydrocarbons and can also be used for the production of charcoal, acetone, resins and the disposal of various wastes:

- solid municipal waste;

- waste from the coal mining and coal processing industry, oil refining industry;

- waste from the agro-industrial complex, waste from the forestry and wood processing industries, waste from meat processing plants;

- other hydrocarbon-containing wastes and materials.

The present invention is used in its most preferred configuration as follows.

From the unloading area, the total mass of waste is conveyed by conveyor 1 to the separator 2 in the form of a gently inclined screen, through which glass containers, cullet, aluminum cans, concrete, ceramics and other waste that do not contain hydrocarbons, which are removed from the total mass, are removed from the total mass. 2, conveyor 3 is fed to crushers 4, where it is crushed into a homogeneous mass and fed by conveyor 5 into storage hopper 6. The remaining waste after separator 2 is fed by conveyor 7 through a bag breaker 8 and by conveyor 9 to the sorting platform 10. Also, car tires are supplied from another loading platform into the shredder-grinder 37, the material after which goes to the conveyor 7 or 9 to the sorting platform 10. A belt magnetic separator 11 is installed above the platform 10, through which ferrous metals are selected, and non-ferrous metals and other non-carbon-containing waste are selected manually on the platform 10. Selected metals are fed by conveyor 12 into the induction melting furnace 13, where they are smelted into commercial products, and manually selected waste, for example, aluminum cans, glass containers, by conveyor 14 is fed to crusher 4. The remaining carbon-hydrogen-containing waste is fed into the drying chamber 15.

Along another line of the complex, with a screw conveyor 16, the sludge is fed into a screw-press moisture separator 17, then with a screw conveyor 18, the sludge is fed into the mixing chamber 19, where the sawdust is fed with a conveyor 20. In chamber 19, sawdust is mixed with sludge, after which the mixture is fed by conveyor 21 to a separator-water separator, for example, VO-70 22 and then conveyed by conveyor 23 to drying chamber 15.

The described configuration is the most comprehensive in organizing the process of sorting and recycling waste using landfillless technology.

Hydrocarbon-containing waste is fed into the longitudinal drying chamber 15 from above onto conveyors located in three levels so that they are removed from the chamber 15 by the lower conveyor. Drying of waste is carried out using exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 40 of the pyrolysis unit 28.

From the drying chamber 15, the prepared waste is loaded by a conveyor 24 into a storage hopper 25 and then fed by a conveyor 26 onto a reversible conveyor 27 for loading drum-type pyrolysis units 28 with a cylindrical combustion chamber 40, which is equipped with swirlers inside 41 and connected to tubular pyrolysis coils 42. In units 28 process organocontaining compositions and media without air access under complete sealing and a temperature of 450-650°C, at which it is possible to obtain the optimal ratio of volumes of gaseous, liquid and solid pyrolysis products.

For uniform loading and unloading of waste, auger blades 46 are used installed on the structure of the combustion chamber 40 and pyrocoils 42, multi-directional to the center of the loading and unloading hatch. Thus, by rotating the unit 28 clockwise at the time of loading waste, the loaded mass is leveled from the hatch 47 in opposite directions. sides of the internal container of the unit 28, and when rotating it counterclockwise at the time of unloading, the solid residue after the pyrolysis process is moved from opposite sides of the container of the unit 28 towards the hatch 47, through which the unloading occurs.

The exit of the torch from the burner of the combustion chamber 40 from the zone of its formation to the pyro coils acquires an “ISON flow”. Due to the use of stationary swirlers 41 inside the combustion chamber 40, as well as its implementation in the form of a high-speed gas-dynamic channel, consisting of a first section of a larger diameter connected by a conical adapter and a second section of a smaller diameter (Fig. 2a-2b), intensive swirling of the torch is carried out while maintaining a laminar structure of the flow, which has a minimum temperature in the central zone and a maximum temperature in the peripheral zone of the flare flow at the walls of the combustion chamber 40, while equal heating of all pyrolysis coils 42 is carried out, as well as uniform heating of the mass of waste loaded into the pyrolysis unit 28, which helps to increase the intensity thermochemical destruction of hydrocarbon waste.

In the singlet oxygen generation unit, located in a safe proximity to the units 28, the air is exposed to electrical discharges or laser radiation and oxygen is produced in the singlet state, which is then supplied to the burner of the combustion chamber 40 and into the internal container of the unit 28. Such oxygen significantly accelerates the formation of atoms O, H and OH radicals, which are carriers of the chain mechanism, compared to O ₂ molecules in the ground electronic state. This intensifies the chain processes in the fuel-air mixtures supplied to the burner of the combustion chamber 40, while reducing the induction period and lowering the ignition temperature. Oxygen in the singlet state in the internal containers of pyrolysis units 28 also intensifies the pyrolysis processes, reducing the temperature and time of formation of the vapor-gas mixture.

By means of oxygen in the singlet state, it is possible to carry out high-speed deep decomposition and processing of various organic-containing compositions and media at low temperatures, for example, even at a temperature of 130 – 250 ° C, the emerging and subsequent processes occur at a speed and to a depth of processing higher than with conventional combustion with a temperature of 2000°C.

The exhaust gas is removed through the pyrocoils 42 from the unit 28 into the conductor 43 for collection and is then supplied by a fan 44 through a gradient filter-separator 45 into the drying chamber 15 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2c). After the dryers 15, the exhaust flue gas is released into the atmosphere by a fan through a gradient separator filter. Using the heat of exhaust gases and filtering them before release helps improve environmental safety and the efficiency of processing waste of various origins.

The vapor-gas mixture released in the pyrolysis unit 28 during the thermochemical destruction of the waste mass is directed through gas exhaust pipes through a compensation coupling (not shown in Fig.) and a gradient filter-separator 29 to the condensation unit 30 (Fig. 1), where condensation is performed to obtain pyrogenic water, pyrolysis gas and liquid. The carbonaceous solid residue from the pyrolysis units 28 is collected in a storage hopper 35 and then fed to the solid fuel briquettes production line 36.

Pyrogenic water is directed to a storage tank (not shown in the figure), from where it is discharged to treatment tanks for cleaning and neutralization and further use as technical water. The condensed pyrolysis gas is sent to a storage tank 31 and then through a filter 32 to a storage tank 38 or, for example, to a gas piston cogeneration station 33 to produce electrical energy and heat. The pyrolysis liquid from the storage tanks of the condensation units 30 is supplied through pipelines for processing in the mini-refinery 34 (Fig. 1) to obtain biosimilars of diesel fuel, low-octane gasoline, kerosene, while the pyrolysis liquid fuel can be used without processing: the thick fraction as an additive in carbon residue for the production of solid fuel briquettes, and liquid fuel for liquid burners in boiler houses. Mini-refinery products 34 are served in storage containers 39.

Experimental launches of the waste processing complex were carried out in the described preferred configuration and the following data were obtained.

Total weight of loaded waste 12.0 t.

Of them:

- tires 2.5 t - plastic, foam 1.2 t - municipal solid waste 3.0 t - roofing felt, waste oils, tar 0.5 t - sludge from sewage treatment plants 4.8 t.

The pyrolysis process began 1 hour 30 minutes after turning on the burners at a temperature of 160 - 180 ° C of the pyrolysis unit, the process time was 8-10 hours. The maximum temperature was recorded at the 5th hour of operation at 460°C.

Received:

- pyrolysis gas, residual from condensation 5400 m ³ - liquid boiler fuel (middle distillate) 2.5 t - biocoke (carbonaceous residue) 1.4 t - pyrogenic water 2.3 m ³ .

During all subsequent experimental launches, various wastes were processed: waste from poultry farms, meat processing plants, sludge from sewage treatment plants, cardboard factories, sawdust, solid municipal waste, packaging waste, plastic, peat, ash and slag waste. As a result, the following averaged results were obtained.

Loading volume depending on the type of waste 10-12 t Minimum process start temperature 180°С Maximum process temperature 460°С Time to reach the minimum temperature at the start of the process 1 hour 30 minutes Pressure of gas obtained from pyrolysis 0.32 – 0.45 bar Process duration 8-10 hours.

When processing 1 ton of waste, on average, the following is obtained:

- gas 320 – 540 m ³ - liquid fuel 150 – 250 l - temperature of circulating water in the heat exchanger 75 – 85°С - recycling depending on the volume of loaded waste 87 – 93%.

As a result of all tests, an increase in environmental safety and efficiency of processing waste of various origins was confirmed due to the organization of an integrated process for sorting and recycling, as well as by increasing the intensity of the thermochemical destruction of hydrocarbon waste in the oxygen-free environment of the pyrolysis unit.

Thus, when using the proposed invention, the stated technical result is achieved.

Claims (18)

1. Complex for waste processing, characterized by the fact that it contains sequentially installed and interconnected - waste sorting and processing unit, - drying chamber (15) for hydrocarbon waste, - at least one rotating pyrolysis unit (28) of the drum type with a cylindrical combustion chamber equipped with swirlers inside, connected to tubular pyrolysis coils and consisting of a first section of a larger diameter and a second section of a smaller diameter interconnected by a conical adapter, and also designed with the possibility of intensive swirling of the torch and formation of a laminar flow with a minimum temperature in its center and a maximum temperature at the walls of the combustion chamber, in this case, a block is connected to the pyrolysis unit (28) for the formation of singlet oxygen and its supply to the burner of the combustion chamber and into the internal container of the unit (28), - condensation unit (30) of the vapor-gas mixture from the pyrolysis unit (28), designed to produce pyrogenic water, pyrolysis gas and liquid, - a unit for converting the carbonaceous solid residue from the pyrolysis unit (28) into solid fuel briquettes, consisting of a storage hopper (35) and a line for the production of solid fuel briquettes (36). 2. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste sorting and processing unit includes a sequentially interconnected separator (2) for initial waste sorting, a bag breaker (8), a sorting platform (10) for manual selection of solid municipal waste, connected with a drying chamber (15), and a belt magnetic separator (11) installed above the platform (10) for selecting ferrous metals, and also includes a crusher (4) connected to the separator (2) and the sorting platform (10) for selected non-carbonic solid municipal waste . 3. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the separator is a gently inclined screen. 4. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that an induction melting furnace (13) is connected to the magnetic separator (11). 5. The complex according to claim 2, characterized in that the waste sorting and processing unit includes a tire shredder-shredder (37) installed after the separator (2) with the ability to supply shredded tires to the sorting platform (10). 6. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a unit for preparing sludge from wastewater sewerage systems, connected to a drying chamber (15). 7. The complex according to claim 6, characterized in that the sludge preparation unit includes a sequentially interconnected moisture separator (17), a chamber (19) for mixing sludge with sawdust, and a separator-water separator (22) connected to the drying chamber (15) . 8. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that a conductor is installed at the outlet of the pyrocoils to collect waste gases and subsequently supply them to the drying chamber (15). 9. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal container of the pyrolysis unit (28) is sealed and the temperature in it is set from 450°C to 650°C. 10. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that the pyrolysis unit (28) is equipped with auger blades multidirectional to the center of the loading and unloading hatch, installed on the combustion chamber structure and pyrolysis coils, to level the loaded mass from the hatch to opposite sides of the internal capacity of the unit. 11. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a gas piston station (33) connected to the condensation unit (30) through a storage tank (31) for generating electricity and thermal energy based on pyrolysis gas. 12. The complex according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a mini-refinery (34) associated with a condensation unit (30) for producing analogues of fuel oil, diesel fuel, low-octane gasoline and/or kerosene based on pyrolysis liquid.