RU89670U1 - DEVICE FOR DISPOSAL OF WET WASTE CONTAINING ORGANIC MATERIALS - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A device for the disposal of wet waste, comprising a thermally insulated body, inside which there is a thermal decomposition chamber connected to the combustion chamber, while the thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a gas tight device for loading recyclable waste and a gas tight device for unloading the pyrolysis products, while the combustion chamber is equipped with an outlet for flue gases connected through a heat exchanger to the chimney, and the thermal decomposition chamber is connected by a gas exhaust pipe to the combustion chamber, characterized by the fact that the thermal decomposition chamber is made in the form of a continuous charcoal burning retort, inside of which there is a rotor connected to the combustion chamber by a second gas exhaust pipe, the utilized waste is loaded with a gas-tight metering device, the combustion chamber is made in the form of a cyclone-vortex chamber and is equipped with blasting fans. ! 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the retort are determined by the required performance of the device, while the ratio of its length to diameter should be 15: 1 /! 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the retort is connected to a gas piston power plant. ! 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that as the wet waste containing organic materials, there may be chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt deposits, etc.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to devices for the disposal of organic waste with high humidity and a high concentration of harmful substances that are hazardous to the environment, by the method of thermochemical processing, in particular, chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt deposits, etc.

A known method of disposal of waste containing organic materials, according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2338122. A device that implements this method of disposal contains a thermally insulated body, in the internal volume of which there is a metal thermal decomposition chamber 2 (KTP) connected by a duct to a vertical cyclone furnace. The upper part of the thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a loading lock device containing an inert gas supply device, and the lower part of the chamber is equipped with a hatch for unloading the coke residue. The thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a mechanical mixing device and a heated inert gas supply system located in its lower part. A burner and devices for heating inert gases are placed in the casing of the installation. The known device according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2338122 adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known device are:

1. high energy intensity and lack of efficiency, since the use of external sources of heat and inert gas is required;

2. insufficient productivity, since it is impossible to continuously load recyclable waste and its continuous processing.

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of such a device for the disposal of organic waste, which would ensure high environmental safety of the proposed process, the possibility of recycling a wide range of waste, would have low energy consumption, high efficiency and productivity.

To solve this problem, it is proposed in a device for the disposal of wet waste, including a thermally insulated body, inside which there is a thermal decomposition chamber connected to the combustion chamber, while the thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a gas-tight device for loading recyclable waste and a gas-tight device for unloading pyrolysis products, whereas the combustion chamber is equipped with an outlet for flue gases, connected through a heat exchanger to the chimney, and the thermal decomposition chamber is connected Nena vapor pipe to the combustion chamber, the thermal decomposition chamber to carry out a continuous retort The charcoal. It is proposed to place a rotor inside the retort connected to the combustion chamber by a second gas exhaust pipe. It is proposed to load utilized waste using a gas-tight metering device. Whereas, the combustion chamber is proposed to be made in the form of a cyclone-vortex chamber and equipped with blow fans.

Additional differences of the proposed device is that:

- the dimensions of the retort are determined by the required performance of the device, while the ratio of its length to diameter should be 15: 1,

- that the retort is connected to a gas piston power plant.

- as wet waste containing organic materials, there may be chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt deposits, etc.

The proposed device is an energy technology unit that produces technological and energy products. To intensify the technological processing of waste, a cyclone-vortex burner device and the supply of flue gases into the rotor pipe are used. Figure 1 shows a diagram of a device for the disposal of wet waste containing organic materials, where:

one Cyclone-Vortex Combustion Chamber 2 Boron part 3 Retort four Gas tight discharge device 5 Spark trap chamber 6 Heat exchanger 7 Chimney 8 Rotor 9 Gas tight metering device 10 Gas tight loading device eleven Retort body 12 Ash pan with cooler 13 Rotor drive fourteen Metering drive fifteen Blow fans 16 Exhaust pipe 17 Second exhaust pipe

flue gas in the rotor

→ Disposable product

→ Thermal decomposition products

recyclable product (steam and gas)

→ Ash

→ Coal residue

→ Flue gas

→ Air

The cyclone-vortex combustion chamber 1 consists of 3 combustion zones, which are spaced apart along its height and are served by draft fans 15 with an adjustable supply of combustion air.

In the lower zone of the combustion chamber, coal residue is burned as solid fuel coming from retort 3.

In the middle and upper zone, the afterburning of the coal residue and the combustion of gaseous products from the retort 3 occur.

The excess air (α _T ) (on which the content of toxic NOx and SOx depends) is regulated in each zone within the necessary limits - 0.9 ÷ 1.16.

In the upper zone, a gas mixture is burned - pyrolysis gas + H ₂ O (steam) - steam and gas, which also suppresses the appearance of NOx and SOx in the combustion gases. The presence of a sufficient concentration of water vapor provides the conditions for reducing the content of NOx and SOx:

- temperature 1300-1100 ° C;

- injection into the combustion zone of H ₂ O.

The combustion chamber 1 with its boron part 2 is connected with a thermally insulated housing 11, in which the retort 3 is placed, and the retort 3 is in turn connected with the combustion chamber 1 with a gas-tight discharge device 4 and a gas exhaust pipe 16.

Through the boron part, combustion gases from the furnace enter the housing 11, where along the path of their movement to the chimney 7, through the spark-collecting chamber 5 and the heat exchanger 6, the walls of the retort and the utilized product moving inside it are heated.

The movement of the utilized product and its intensive mixing is ensured by being placed in the retort 3 body by the rotor 8. The rotor 8 is a pipe to which the blades are welded (screw).

The movement of the utilized product from the metering device 9 to the unloading device 4 occurs along the inner surface of the retort 3 with a temperature from 100 ° C to 800 ° C inside the retort 3. As a result, thermal decomposition of the utilized product occurs. The products of thermal decomposition of coal residue and combined-cycle gases through the discharge device 4 and the exhaust pipe 16 are fed into the combustion chamber 1 for low-temperature combustion. If necessary, the coal residue can be discharged separately as a technological product, and pyrolysis gases can be discharged to a gas piston power plant. Through the exhaust pipe 17 flue gases enter the rotor, increasing the hot contact surface, for additional heating of the utilized product.

The design of the retort 3 (its dimensions - length and diameter) is determined by the required performance of the device. Determining is the necessary contact surface of the heating, along which the utilized product moves.

The ratio of the length of the retort to its diameter ≥15: 1 was derived experimentally and by calculation, so for a productivity of 500 kg / h the length of the retort is 9 m and its diameter is 0.6 m. In this case, the useful (contact) heating surface is 8.5 m ² .

The operation of the device is as follows.

To bring the device into operating mode, a pre-dried fuel is loaded into the receiving hopper 10 with a metering device 9 equipped with level sensors of the feed material (this can be a recyclable product or other fuel, such as sawdust). Based on 30-50 minutes of operation of the device.

The drive of the device’s transport system is activated (metering device drive, retort mixer drive, draft fan drive).

When dried fuel passes through the entire system and enters the combustion chamber, it is ignited. It burns. As a result, the retort 3 heats up to a temperature> 800 ° С in its front part, located above the boron part of the combustion chamber 1, for ~ 30 minutes.

From this time, the feed of the product to be utilized starts from the metering device 9 and the device goes into operating mode.

As you move through the constantly warmed retort and, intensively mixing, the utilized product goes through the stage of drying - evaporation, heating and pyrolysis. As a result, the coal residue heated to a temperature of ~ 700 ° C enters the unloading device 4, and the vapor-gas mixture enters the gas exhaust pipe 16, which enter the combustion chamber for combustion. The energy of combustion provides constant heating of the retort.

The burning of coal residue occurs in the lower part of the combustion chamber and is provided by its blow fan 15.

Combustion of a gas-vapor mixture occurs in the upper part of the combustion chamber and is supported by a torch from burning coal residue. The air supply to the upper and middle part of the combustion chamber is also carried out by separate blower fans 15.

Cyclonic air supply by fans provides:

- repeated circulation of burning fuel particles and due to this, stable and complete combustion;

- high pressure in the combustion chamber prevents the coal residue and ash from settling to the bottom.

The high pressure in the combustion chamber, which is created by the blower fans, provides excessive pressure in the entire system without the use of a smoke exhaust (fan for smoke removal) and the effective operation of the gravitational spark trap 5.

When there is enough energy for burning a gas-vapor mixture to support the utilization process, the entire coal residue is discharged into the quencher hopper.

Using the proposed device for the disposal of wet waste can reduce the volume, tonnage and hazard class of waste disposed, thereby reducing the environmental burden on the environment and significantly reducing the cost of waste disposal and maintenance.

Ash and coal residue, consisting of 29% activated carbon and 71% of the mineral component, resulting from the operation of the device have a wide range of applicability - from feed additives and fertilizers to fillers and binders in the construction industry.

Claims (4)

1. A device for the disposal of wet waste, comprising a thermally insulated body, inside which there is a thermal decomposition chamber connected to the combustion chamber, while the thermal decomposition chamber is equipped with a gas tight device for loading recyclable waste and a gas tight device for unloading the pyrolysis products, while the combustion chamber is equipped with an outlet for flue gases connected through a heat exchanger to the chimney, and the thermal decomposition chamber is connected by a gas exhaust pipe to the combustion chamber, characterized by the fact that the thermal decomposition chamber is made in the form of a continuous charcoal burning retort, inside of which there is a rotor connected to the combustion chamber by a second gas exhaust pipe, the utilized waste is loaded with a gas-tight metering device, the combustion chamber is made in the form of a cyclone-vortex chamber and is equipped with blasting fans. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the dimensions of the retort are determined by the required performance of the device, while the ratio of its length to diameter should be 15: 1 / 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the retort is connected to a gas piston power plant. 4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that as the wet waste containing organic materials, there may be chicken droppings, excrement of other domestic animals, lignin, wood waste, silt deposits, etc.