RU2797629C1 - Method of modeling pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine, experimental veterinary surgery and experimental animal pathology.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for modeling tibial pseudoarthrosis in rabbits. Through the medial access to the tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw. The periosteum is destroyed and the bone marrow is removed from the bone fragments for 7 mm from the site of the osteotomy. A metal external fixation device is installed. The middle third of the diaphysis of the tibia should be free from it. The surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed in 7 days. In 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, an adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone at a rate of 0.05 mg/kg. In 60 days in rabbits, clinical and radiological signs of pseudoarthrosis of the middle third of the tibial diaphysis are recorded.

EFFECT: method allows to avoid time-consuming and multi-stage surgical interventions, additional consumption of materials in the form of implants, as well as minimize the impact of mechanical, chemical and physical factors in the fracture area due to the absence of repeated bone fractures, interposition between bone fragments of special artificial materials and autografts, additional injury to soft tissues, the impact of chemical and physical factors on bone fragments.

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Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to experimental veterinary surgery and experimental pathology of animals, in particular to the modeling of pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in animals

State of the art

Known methods for modeling pseudoarthrosis, which consist in interposition between fragments of synthetic materials (Regeneration and vascularization of bone tissue in non-united fractures and false joints / Balakina V.S. Vereshchagin A.P. et al. // Theoretical and clinical aspects of the treatment of bone fractures. - Leningrad , 1974. - issue 12. - p. 8-14), muscle fragments (Dmitriev M.L. Muscle tissue as the primary moment of Formation of false joints // Issues of orthopedics, traumatology and prosthetics. - Kharkov, 1957. - p. 133-136.) or an alginate film with a predetermined resorption time (Author's certificate SU 1736503 A1. Method for modeling a false joint of a long tubular bone No. 4868048: application. 09/21/1990 : publ. 05/30/1992 / Emelyanov V.G., Karpov V. I., Anisimov A.I., Varfolomeev A.P., Afinogenov G.E., Illarionova E.L., Kalashnikova N.N. Applicant Leningrad Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics named after R.R. Vreden. - bull. No. 20 - 3 pp.), as well as freezing bone fragments after osteotomy (Author's certificate No. SU 1146716. Method for modeling a false joint of tubular bones: No. 3595520 / 28-13: Appl. 05/20/1983: publ. 03/23/1985 / Rybachuk O.I., Binyashevsky E.V., Vaida V.M.; applicant Kiev Research Institute of Orthopedics. - bul. No. 11 - 3 pp.), additional bruising of soft tissues in the fracture area (Author's certificate SU 1603426 A1. Method for modeling a false joint No. 4471149: Appl. 08/01/1988: publ. 10/30/1990 / Pereslytskikh P.F.; Applicant Irkutsk Institute traumatology and orthopedics of the East-Siberian branch of SO USSR AMS. - bul. No. 40. - 2 p.), diastasis and exposure of the osteotomy area to 96% alcohol (Patent for invention 2788276 C1. Method for inducing pseudoarthrosis of the bones of the forearm in rabbits No. 2022120457 : Appl. I.I.R., Romidonov A.B., applicants Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education "Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology - MVA named after K.I. Skryabin" with limited liability "Therapeutic and Diagnostic Veterinary Center of the Moscow Veterinary Academy" - bull. No. 2. - 8 p.) and their infection (Author's certificate SU 1746397 A1. Method for modeling a post-traumatic infected pseudoarthrosis No. 4855401: Appl. 07.07.1992: publ. 31.07.1990 / Pereslytskikh P.F., Kolbovskaya T.M., applicant Irkutsk Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the East Siberian Branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. - bulletin No. 25. - 2With.). A method for modeling pseudarthrosis is described, in which the animals first undergo a bone fracture and osteosynthesis of fragments with a transosseous apparatus, after 7 days 2-3 ml of a sterile saturated sodium chloride solution is injected intraosseously at its temperature from +2°C to +20°C, and after 30 -35 days the device is removed and a manually repeated closed fracture of the same bone is performed (Author's certificate SU 1836934 A1. Method for modeling a false joint No. 4899140: Appl. 01/03/1991: publ. 08/30/1993 / P.F. traumatology and orthopedics of the East-Siberian branch of the SO AMS of the USSR - Bulletin No. 32. - 3 p.). The disadvantages of these methods include the need for repeated bone fractures, interposition between bone fragments of special artificial materials and autografts, additional injury to soft tissues, exposure to chemical and physical factors and bone fragments and their infection, which can lead to uncontrolled pathological processes, changes in anatomical features. soft tissues and distorted experimental results.

Known methods for modeling pseudoarthrosis based on unstable intramedullary osteosynthesis (Narbutov A.G. Clinical aspects in modeling false joints // Medical Bulletin of the North Caucasus. - 2009. - No. 1 - S. 161a; Patent for invention RU 2323695 C2. Method for modeling pseudoarthrosis No. 2005135521/14 : application 11/15/2005 : published 05/10/2008 / Samoshkin I.I., Slesarenko N.A., Samoshkin I.B., Kapustin R.F.; Applicant FGOU VPO "Belgorod State Agricultural Academy". - bul. No. 13. - 11 p.), the disadvantages of which include destruction of the bone marrow throughout the length of the tubular bone, a high probability of axial and torsion deformities of the limbs and damage to adjacent joints.

There are methods for modeling pseudoarthrosis based on rather laborious and not always available retraction-distraction methods and structures for their reproduction (Patent for invention RU 2523622 C1. Method for modeling a false joint in fracture of the bones of the lower leg and a device for its implementation No. 25.03.2013 : published 20.07.2014 / Qiao G., Tishkov N.V., Goldberg O.A., Lepekhova S.A., Gumanenko V.V., Tikhonov E.V.; applicant Federal state budgetary Institution "Scientific Center for Reconstructive and Restorative Surgery" of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences (FGBU "NTsRVKh" SB RAMS), Qiao Guanda - Bulletin No. 20 - 15 pp. Author's certificate SU 1680116 A1. Method for modeling a false joint in an experimental animal No. 4607942 : Applicant 23.11.1988 : Published 30.09.1991 / Barabash A.P., Kochetkov Yu.S. : Applicant Blagoveshchensk State Medical Institute - Bulletin No. 36 - 2 pp. Patent for invention RU 2539627 C1. Method for modeling a defect-pseudoarthrosis of the limb bone No. 2013151502/14: dec. 11/19/2013 : publ. 20.01.2015 / Yemanov A.A., Gorbach E.N., Mitrofanov A.I. ; Applicant Federal State Budgetary Institution "Russian Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics" named after Academician G.A. Ilizarov" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. - bul. No. 2. - 6 p.).

The closest in technical essence and achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors as a prototype is a method for modeling pseudoarthrosis by segmental resection (5 mm) of the middle third of the tibia, dilution of bone fragments by 5 mm, removal of the periosteum and bone marrow over 5 mm, followed by daily destabilization fracture in the external fixator. (Experimental model of normotrophic pseudoarthrosis of the rabbit tibia / Smirnov S.S., Shchepkina E.A., Shilenko L.A. et al. // Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal). - 2022. - V. 7, No. 5-2. - S. 268-279.). The disadvantages of this model of pseudoarthrosis include the need for daily destabilization of the fracture in the external fixation apparatus.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to develop an effective and simple model of pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits that does not require retraction-distraction methods, instability and subsequent destabilization of the fracture, interpositions of artificial materials and autografts, additional injury to soft tissues, repeated bone fractures, as well as exposure to additional chemical and physical factors on bone fragments and their infection.

The technical result that can be achieved with the help of the present invention is that the method of modeling pseudarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits helps to avoid time-consuming and multi-stage surgical interventions, additional consumption of materials in the form of implants, as well as to minimize the impact of mechanical, chemical and physical factors in the area of the fracture.

The technical result of the invention is achieved using a method for modeling pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits, including the introduction of an animal into anesthesia, fixation on the operating table with the preparation of the operating field in the tibia, through the medial access to the tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw , then the periosteum is destroyed and the bone marrow is removed from the bone fragments over a distance of 7 mm from the osteotomy site, a metal external fixation device is installed, while the middle rub of the tibial shaft should be free of it, the surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed after 7 days, then, 7, 14, and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, an adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone at a rate of 0.05 mg/kg, and after 60 days, clinical and radiological signs of pseudoarthrosis of the middle third of the tibial diaphysis are recorded in rabbits.

Brief description of drawings and other materials:

In FIG. 1 osteotomy of the middle third of the tibial shaft through the medial approach.

In FIG. 2 injection into the zone of osteotomy of adrenaline solution at the rate of 0.05 mg/kg under X-ray control.

In FIG. 3 X-ray of simulated pseudarthrosis of the tibia of a rabbit.

In FIG. 4 X-ray of the tibia of a rabbit that underwent only osteotomy through the medial approach with the installation of a metal external fixation device, where complete consolidation of the fracture is recorded.

Implementation of the invention

The method for modeling pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits is that under anesthesia the animal is fixed on the operating table with the preparation of the operating field in the leg area. Through the medial access to the tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw (Fig. 1), then the periosteum is destroyed and the bone marrow is removed from the bone fragments for 7 mm from the osteotomy site. Next, a metal external fixation device is installed, while the middle third of the tibial shaft should be free of it. The surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed after 7 days. After 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, an adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone at the rate of 0.05 mg/kg in order to realize the vasoconstrictor effect (Fig. 2). After 60 days in rabbits, clinical and radiological signs of pseudoarthrosis of the middle third of the tibial shaft are recorded (Fig. 3), while in rabbits of the control group, which underwent only osteotomy of the tibia with the installation of a metal external fixation device, complete consolidation of the fracture occurs (Fig. 4).

1. An example of a specific implementation of the method.

Outbred rabbit at the age of 8 months and weighing 4.3 kg is anesthetized and fixed on the operating table with the preparation of the operating field in the region of the right leg. Through the medial access to the right tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw, then the periosteum is destroyed and the bone marrow is removed from the bone fragments for 7 mm from the osteotomy site. Next, a metal apparatus for external fixation is installed, while the middle third of the diaphysis of the right tibia is left free of it. The surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed after 7 days. 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, 0.22 ml of 1% adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone. After 60 days, the rabbit recorded clinical and radiological signs of pseudarthrosis of the middle third of the diaphysis of the right tibia.

2. An example of a specific implementation of the method.

Outbred rabbit at the age of 9 months and weighing 4.5 kg is anesthetized and fixed on the operating table with the preparation of the operating field in the region of the left leg. Through the medial access to the left tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw, then the periosteum is destroyed and the bone marrow is removed from the bone fragments for 7 mm from the osteotomy site. Next, a metal apparatus for external fixation is installed, while the middle third of the diaphysis of the left tibia is left free of it. The surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed after 7 days. 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, 0.23 ml of 1% adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone. After 60 days, the rabbit recorded clinical and radiological signs of pseudarthrosis of the middle third of the diaphysis of the left tibia.

The method for modeling pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits makes it possible to obtain an objective clinical result without time-consuming, technically complex and multi-stage manipulations.

The present invention in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

- It does not require time-consuming and not always available retraction-distraction methods;

- No need for interpositions of artificial materials and autografts;

- No daily destabilization of the fracture is required;

- No need for additional soft tissue injury;

- There is no need for the impact of additional chemical and physical factors on bone fragments and their infection;

- It does not require the implementation of unstable osteosynthesis, repeated fractures and re-introduction into anesthesia.

Claims (1)

A method for modeling pseudoarthrosis of the tibia in rabbits, including the introduction of an animal into anesthesia, fixation on the operating table with preparation of the operating field in the tibia, through the medial access to the tibia, its osteotomy is performed at the level of the middle third of the diaphysis using an oscillatory saw, then the periosteum is destroyed and removed bone marrow from bone fragments over a distance of 7 mm from the osteotomy site, a metal external fixation device is installed, while the middle third of the tibial shaft should be free of it, the surgical wound is closed with knotted sutures, which are removed after 7 days, then after 7, 14 and 21 days after the operation, under X-ray control, an adrenaline solution is injected into the osteotomy zone at a rate of 0.05 mg/kg, and after 60 days, clinical and radiological signs of pseudarthrosis of the middle third of the tibial shaft are recorded in rabbits.

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