RU2795347C1 - Method for cultivation of early potatoes under drip irrigation under the conditions of the north-western caspian sea region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes autumn tillage, pre-plant cultivation, planting tubers. Autumn tillage is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m, spring harrowing, pre-planting background application of a complex mineral fertilizer azophoska - 400 kg/ha with N₁₆P₁₆K₁₆ content. Double superphosphate and potassium chloride are used as the main fertilizer. Ammonium nitrate is added as top dressing with irrigation water in the flowering phase and in the fruiting phase, the total amount of mineral fertilizers applied during the growing season was N₁₂₀P₁₂₀K₈₀. Carry out pre-plant cultivation and inoculation - soaking the tubers in the microbiological preparation Azotovit, with a drug consumption rate of 30 ml/1 l of water 30 minutes before planting, a spacing of tubers of 56 thousand pvs./ha, with an irrigation rate of 5200 m³/ha.

EFFECT: ensuring high yields of early potatoes in the zone of arid agriculture.

1 cl, 5 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used as a basic element in the intensive technology of early potato cultivation under drip irrigation.

A known method of growing early potatoes, including the introduction of biofertilizer into the soil locally simultaneously with the planting of potato tubers. The biofertilizer was obtained as a result of fermentation for 5 days of a mixture of chicken manure and peat at a ratio of components of 50 × 50, with its preliminary alkalization with a 0.5% aqueous solution of caustic potassium in the amount of 1.5 liters per 1 kg of the mixture and subsequent introduction into the mixture simultaneously wheat bran in the amount of 3 wt. %, citric acid in the amount of 0.1 wt. % and magnesium acetic in the amount of 0.1 wt. % mixture. Simultaneously with biofertilizer, mineral fertilizers are applied locally in a dose equivalent to the NPK content in 3 tons of biofertilizer. Patent for invention No. 2710319. IPC A01G 22/25 (2019.05); А01С 21/00 (2019.05). A method for increasing the yield of potatoes / Rabinovich G.Yu., Tikhomirova D.V. Application 2019108749; Declared 03/26/2019; Published 25.12.2019, Bull. No. 36.

The disadvantages of this method of growing early potatoes include a long period of a number of agrotechnological operations and high production costs.

There is also known a method of growing potatoes using biotechnology. As a predecessor, perennial legumes are used after the first mowing, tillage is carried out by stubble peeling, non-moldboard tillage and plowing. Tubers are preplanted with a composition from a complex of strains of Pseudomonas sp. and humic fertilizer "Darina" and pre-harvest processing of potato plantings. The composition is diluted with 3-day-old Chlorella Vulgaris culture fluid before processing. Pre-harvest treatment of potato plantings is carried out with natural bischofite brine at the rate of 35-40 l/ha. A method of growing potatoes using biotechnology. Patent No. 2291608 C1; Application 2005126574/13; / Melikhov V.V., Astakhov A.A., Navitnyaya A.A., Karengina T.V./

The disadvantages of this method is the long period of a number of agrotechnological operations aimed at the cultivation of potatoes. Also, these drugs cannot be considered publicly available for peasant farms and household plots.

A known method of pre-planting treatment of seed potatoes with a liquid biostimulant. The method includes processing seed potato tubers in a container filled with a biostimulator using a working body installed in the container. Potassium/sodium humate with trace elements is used as a biostimulator with a concentration of 5-5.2 g/l of the active substance at a consumption rate of 40-50 liters of solution per ton of seed potatoes. Patent No. 2598917. A01C 1/00 (2006.01). The method of pre-planting treatment of seed potatoes with a liquid biostimulator / Tulinov A.G., Lobanov A.Yu./ Application 2015118840/13; Declared 05/19/2015, pub. 10.10.2016; Bull. No. 28.

The disadvantages of this method is that these preparations are not new generation preparations, which cannot be said about the microbiological preparations that we use in our study Azotovit and Phosphotovit, aimed at the biologization of agriculture.

A closer analogue to the claimed object is the method of pre-planting treatment of seed potatoes with a liquid biostimulator

The disadvantage of the presented method is that the potassium/sodium humate preparations used will not provide potato plants with additional biological nitrogen from the air; will not increase the coefficient of use of mineral and organic fertilizers by plants, and will not reduce the toxic effect on plants after treatment with chemical preparations, which cannot be said about the preparations used in our studies, such as Azotovit and Phosphotovit.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows. The task to be solved by the claimed invention is the cultivation of early potatoes in the zone of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region using the treatment of tubers with Azovita preparation with an irrigation rate of 5200 m / ha.

EFFECT: obtaining high yields of early potatoes in the zone of arid agriculture.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of growing early potatoes, including autumn soil preparation, plowing of the soil was carried out to a depth of 0.25 - 0.27 m with a plow PLN - 4-35. Spring processing was carried out as the physical maturation of the soil. Closing of spring moisture was carried out with medium disc harrows BZSS-1. Pre-planting background application of complex mineral fertilizer azophoska in f.w. - 400 kg/ha with the content of N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ was carried out by the MTZ -1021 + RUM -5 tractor. The preplant cultivation of MT3-1021 + KPS-5.2 was also carried out. The day before planting, the soil was cultivated with a F-200 cutter. Inoculation (soaking) of tubers in microbiological preparations of a new generation: Azotovit, Phosphotovit and Baikal EM1 was carried out 30 minutes before planting. The consumption rate of Azotovit and Phosphotovit is 30 ml/1 liter of water. The consumption of the drug Baikal EM1 - 1 ml / 1 liter of water.

Planting of tubers was carried out by a belt method using an MTZ 1021 + KSM-2N tractor, with simultaneous laying out of drip tapes. The distance between the irrigation tapes is 0.7 m, the planting density of tubers is 56 thousand pieces/ha.

In the experiment, 2 irrigation norms of 4600 m ³ /ha and 5200 m3 /ha were provided (table 1).

According to the experimental scheme, mineral fertilizers were additionally used. Double superphosphate and potassium chloride were used as the main fertilizer, and ammonium nitrate was applied as top dressing with irrigation water in the flowering phase and in the fruiting phase by fertigation, which ensured a balanced composition of microelements in the final product. The total amount of mineral fertilizers applied during the growing season was N ₁₂₀ Pi ₂₀ K ₈₀ .

The problem is solved by the fact that for the first time in the conditions of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, the effect of soaking early potato tubers before planting with microbiological preparations of a new generation was studied against the background of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N ₁₂₀ P ₁₂₀ K ₈₀ under drip irrigation on the yield of early potatoes .

Object and material of study

Object of study: potato early variety Veneta

Azotovit is a microbiological fertilizer that increases the availability of nitrogen for plants. It has nitrogen-fixing properties, i.e. promotes the conversion of nitrogen into a form suitable for plant nutrition. This drug provides plants with nitrogen nutrition, significantly reduces the content of harmful nitrates in the soil and the toxic effect of fungicides on plant seedlings, suppresses phytopathogenic microflora, allows you to grow environmentally friendly products with a high content of vitamin and mineral substances useful to humans, promotes the development of the vegetative system of plants (leaf, stem, inflorescence), increases productivity, restores soil fertility. Helps increase yields up to 40%.

Phosphatovit is a highly effective biofertilizer that promotes the development of the root system of plants, allows you to grow environmentally friendly products, provides plants with phosphorus and potassium nutrition, significantly reduces the content of harmful phosphates, increases productivity, restores fertility, has fungicidal properties, suppresses phytopathogenic microflora.

Baikal EM 1 is a microbiological fertilizer designed to improve soil fertility of any structure and composition. Active ingredient: lactic acid bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, photosynthetic bacteria, saccharomyces (microscopic yeast), actinomycetes (radiant fungi). The strains of useful microorganisms contained in Baikal EM-1 after preliminary preparation (in a nutrient solution) activate the activity of beneficial microflora, accelerate the processes of humus formation, and, to some extent, due to the competition of the nutrient medium, suppress the reproduction of pathogens of fungal and bacterial plant diseases.

Research results

The most important method for increasing the yield of early potatoes is the proper water supply of plants. It is achieved by maintaining the pre-irrigation threshold of soil moisture at the level of 80% HB when wetting the soil layer from 0.3 m (before flowering) to 0.6 m (from flowering to harvesting). During the period of planting-flowering and flowering-harvesting, there is a slight decrease in soil moisture due to work. Soil moisture control was carried out in the main three periods:

1st period - from germination to the beginning of flowering;

2nd period - flowering - cessation of growth of tops (before withering);

3rd period - from the cessation of growth to its natural withering.

The highest level of soil moisture was maintained in the most critical periods 1 and 2.

Soil moisture in the upper 0.3 m horizon before flowering was 80.1%, before the tops growth stopped - 81.5%, and only in the period from the end of the tops growth to its withering 78.7%.

According to the results of the study, it was found that during the three years of studying the cultivation of early potatoes with the treatment of tubers before planting with various microbiological fertilizers, the greatest effect was achieved at an irrigation rate of 5200 m3/ha, in the variant with soaking tubers in Azotovit preparation. The water consumption coefficient here was minimal and amounted to only 110.05 m7 tons.

In general, it should be noted that at a higher irrigation rate, when tubers of early potatoes of the Veneta variety were soaked with various microbiological fertilizers, the water consumption coefficient was in the range of 110.5 ... 130.8 m / t (table 2).

According to the results presented in Table 4, the elements of the crop structure, it is noticeable that in the phase of technical ripeness, a variant with an irrigation rate of 5200 m ³ /ha also stood out with joint treatment of tubers before planting with Azotovit.

The number of tubers over 100 g per 1 plant was 9 pcs. with a mass of 951.8 g. The economic yield was 56.0 t/ha.

The analysis of economic efficiency for the cultivation of potatoes of the Veneta variety with soaking tubers with various preparations made it possible to single out from 2 variants with different irrigation rates a highly profitable variant with treatment with Azotovit, which showed high yield values.

Which, with a total cost of cultivating this crop, is 489.1 thousand rubles. the yield was 56.0 t/ha. The cost price amounted to 8.7 thousand rubles. per 1 ton, net income 630.9 thousand rubles. per 1 ha. With such indicators, the profitability of production amounted to 129.0% (table 5).

Claims (1)

A method for cultivating early potatoes in the zone of light chestnut soils of the North-Western Caspian region, including autumn plowing, pre-plant cultivation, planting tubers, characterized in that autumn plowing is carried out to a depth of 0.25-0.27 m, spring harrowing, pre-planting background application of complex mineral fertilizer azophoska in f.v. - 400 kg/ha with the content of N ₁₆ P ₁₆ K ₁₆ , double superphosphate and potassium chloride are used as the main fertilizer, ammonium nitrate is applied as top dressing with irrigation water in the flowering phase and in the fruiting phase, the total amount of mineral fertilizers applied during the growing season was N ₁₂₀ P ₁₂₀ K ₈₀ , pre-planting cultivation and inoculation are carried out - soaking the tubers in the microbiological preparation Azotovit, with a drug consumption rate of 30 ml / 1 l of water 30 minutes before planting, a planting density of tubers 56 thousand pieces / ha, with irrigation irrigation rate - 5200 m ³ / ha.