RU2776209C1 - Method for threshing of soybean breeding plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used in threshing devices for threshing leguminous plants having breeding value. The method for threshing consists in the following operations: combing the beans from the plant, two-stage threshing of combed beans, final re-threshing of the beans, heap separation, air cleaning. In this case, during the operation of combing the beans from the plant, the plant is laid on the receiving table of the combing device, the butt of the plant is fixed by the capture of the skidder, and the stem is pulled through the comber using the skid. The first stage of combed beans threshing is carried out in the gap between the rubberized roller with its rotation speed of 28…32 Hz and the spring-loaded deck. The second stage of threshing is carried out by pulling the heap with a toothed conveyor under a spring-loaded roller rotating in the direction of rotation of the spring-loaded one and with a circumferential rotation speed lower than the circumferential rotation speed of the latter by half, and the frequency of rotation of the toothed conveyor is set within 18…22 Hz, changing upward from an increase in the moisture content of the beans, and the frequency of rotation of the spring-loaded toothed roller is set within 23…28 Hz, changing downward with an increase in the moisture content of the beans.

EFFECT: method allows to reduce seed damage.

1 cl, 1 tbl

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in threshing devices for threshing leguminous plants having breeding value.

In the breeding process, the need to thresh individual plants occurs mainly in the early stages of breeding (pollination nurseries, hybrid nurseries, progeny evaluation nurseries, etc.). In these nurseries, individual elite plants are threshed, in which each individual seed has unique genetic properties, and, accordingly, has a breeding value. In this regard, during individual threshing, it is very desirable to extract the seeds from fruits as completely as possible, with minimal trauma and losses (for legumes - from beans) and collect them with a guarantee of not mixing with seeds of other plants during the previous or subsequent threshing.

A known method of combing flax stalks (carried out by a device for combing flax stalks according to AS USSR No. 1107781, A01D 45/06. 1984), according to which flax stalks are moved by a clamping conveyor through a combing device made in the form of comb belt conveyors, which with an increase in the thickness of the flax layer, they move away from each other, and with a decrease, they return to their original position, providing automatic copying of the constantly changing thickness of the flax layer. The breakage of the seed pods occurs due to the movement of the stripping ridges away from the clamping conveyor and due to the increasing length of the ridge teeth.

The disadvantage of the known method lies in the fact that it provides only the combs without further threshing them to obtain seeds.

A known method of threshing alfalfa beans, according to which a portion of the beans of alfalfa breeding material is loaded into the body of the threshing chamber with movable blades and the beans are affected by the side surfaces of the movable blades, as a result, the beans are destroyed by mechanical action with the release of seeds. The chamber cover is removed, the threshed heap is removed from the threshing chamber, seeds are isolated from it (RF Patent No. 2233066, A01F 11/04. 2004).

The disadvantages of the known method is a large injury to the seeds due to the mechanical action of the movable blades on the beans, as well as the fact that it is provided for already pre-combed beans.

A known method of threshing leguminous crops, carried out by a threshing machine according to A.S. USSR No. 398206, A01D 41/00, A01F 11/06, A01F 12/18, 1973, according to which the process of separating grain is carried out by simultaneous combing and impact on the grain-stem mass by the working bodies of the drum. Through the openings of the concave, the grain-straw heap is fed to the cleaning conveyor, and from it to the sieve, blown by the air stream.

The disadvantage of this method is injury to the seeds due to impact on the stem-grain mass.

A known method of threshing small-seeded legumes, including tearing off the inflorescences from the stem and wiping the seeds from them in the gap between the threshing drum and the concave decreasing from the entrance to the exit at a certain value of this gap and the circumferential speed of the drum at the ends of its whips (A.S. USSR No. 1732848 , A01F 11/04, A01D 91/04, 1992).

The disadvantage of the known method is the large injury to the seeds inherent in the methods of threshing using a threshing drum with whips.

A known method of threshing leguminous crops, carried out by a threshing device according to A.S. USSR No. 509257, A01F 11/00, A01F 12/18, 1976, according to which the mass is fed into the inlet of a horizontally mounted cylindrical casing with a rotor installed inside it with radial fingers, the shaft of which is eccentric to the axis of the casing. The suppressed mass is captured by the rotor fingers, while the plants are threshed in the gap between the casing and the rotor fingers, and the ends of the latter are pushed into the radial holes in the lower part of the casing.

The disadvantage of the known method is the injury of seeds due to the impact of the rotor fingers on the seeds that are under the influence of a rotating rotor for some time.

A known method of threshing (and separating) plants of long-stemmed crops (peas, vetch, buckwheat), carried out by a breeding threshing and separating device according to A.S. USSR No. 1017214, A01F 11/00, 1983, according to which the plant is fed into the threshing chamber through the window, where it is captured by the curved beams of the rotor installed inside the cylindrical casing, and threshed. Seeds, together with small parts of the stem, fall through the cells of the deck, which are performed in proportion to the average size of the seeds. After threshing, the plants open the hinged lid, and all large parts of the stem are pushed out by rays through the window into the chaff collector.

The disadvantage of the known method is the injury of seeds due to the impact of the curved beams of the rotor on the plant.

A known method of threshing sugar beet seedlings for breeding purposes with manual feeding of plants, and the receiving tray of the threshing device, carried out by the threshing device according to A.S. USSR No. 904564, A01F 7/00, 1982, according to which the processed mass of sugar beet seed plants is manually fed to a receiving tray, from which the processed plant mass enters the space between the drum and the deck, where it is threshed.

The disadvantage of this method is injury to the seeds.

The purpose of the claimed invention is to reduce seed injury when threshing a single soybean plant for breeding purposes.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the claimed method of threshing a breeding soybean plant is characterized by the fact that it includes the operations of combing the beans from the plant, two-stage threshing of combed beans, final re-threshing of beans, heap separation, air cleaning, as well as collecting seeds, impurities and manual removal of combed stems, at the same time, the operation of combing the beans from the plant involves laying the plant on the receiving table of the combing device, fixing the butt of the plant by gripping the skidder and pulling the stem of the plant through the combing device, the first stage of threshing the combed beans is carried out in the gap between the rubberized roller with its rotation speed of 28 ... 32 Hz and a spring-loaded deck, the second stage of threshing - by pulling the heap with a toothed conveyor under a spring-loaded toothed roller, and the final threshing - by pulling under a toothed roller rotating in the direction of rotation of the spring-loaded toothed roller and with a circumferential rotation speed below the circumferential speed the speed of rotation of the latter is two times, and the frequency of rotation of the gear conveyor is set within 18 ... beans.

Exploring the state of the art in the process of conducting a patent search for all types of information publicly available in the press, we have not identified technical solutions that are close in essence to the claimed method of threshing a soybean breeding plant. So, from the known methods of threshing legumes and legumes, some methods involve only stripping beans without further threshing them to obtain seeds (No. 1107781), others - threshing already pre-combed beans (No. 2233066), others - threshing whole plants due to shock effects on the stem - grain mass (No. 398206, 1017214, etc.), which causes injury to the seeds. A common disadvantage of the known methods of threshing dry plants, based mainly on the shock-grating principle of threshing, similar to combine threshing, involving the impact destruction of the integrity of fruits (beans) and the separation of seeds from them, is the injury of the latter up to 15%. The impact principle of extracting seeds from beans is used in drum-type threshers with a sieve concave (deck), in which the destruction of beans occurs at high angular speeds of the drum with pins, which leads to repeated impacts of seeds on the surface of the drum itself and deck elements. As a result, some seeds receive micro- and macrotraumas of the shells and the surface tissues of the cotyledons and axial organs of the embryos directly under the shell - the germinal root, which leads to their death, which is extremely undesirable in breeding work. The claimed method of threshing a breeding soybean plant provides a reduction in injury to soybean grains by an average of 1% due to the implementation of a two-stage threshing of beans already combed from the plant: at the 1st stage of threshing - in the gap between a rubberized roller with a speed of 28 ... 32 Hz and a spring-loaded deck , and at the second stage of threshing - by pulling the heap with a gear conveyor rotating at a speed of 18 ... by pulling a practically threshed heap with a toothed conveyor under a toothed roller, the peripheral speed of which is two times less than the peripheral speed of the previous spring-loaded toothed roller, as a result of which, during final threshing, a gentle bend and fracture of the remaining whole single beans and the release of grains from them with minimal injury ( up to 1% on average ), which can be seen from the table of seed injury indicators.

Thus, the claimed set of essential features of the method of threshing a breeding soybean plant is necessary and sufficient to achieve the goal - to reduce seed injury.

Claims (1)

A method for threshing a breeding soybean plant, characterized in that it includes the operations of stripping the beans from the plant, two-stage threshing of the stripped beans, final re-threshing of the beans, separating the heap, air cleaning, as well as collecting seeds, impurities and removing stripped stalks, while the operation of stripping the beans from the plant provides for laying the plant on the receiving table of the combing device, fixing the butt of the plant with the grip of the skidder and pulling the stem through the combing device, the 1st stage of threshing the combed beans is carried out in the gap between the rubberized roller with a speed of 28 ... 32 Hz and a spring-loaded deck, 2- th stage of threshing - by pulling the heap with a toothed conveyor under a spring-loaded toothed roller, and final threshing - by pulling under a toothed roller rotating in the direction of rotation of the spring-loaded toothed roller and with a circumferential rotation speed lower than the circumferential rotation speed of the latter twice, and the speed of the gear the conveyor is set within 18…22 Hz, changing upwards with increasing bean moisture, and the speed of rotation of the spring-loaded toothed roller is set within 23…28 Hz, changing downward with increasing bean moisture.