RU2774413C1 - Power cable with elements of control of its own physical parameters in real time - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cable production technology.

SUBSTANCE: power cable, designed for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV, DC, has an insulated, sealed conductive core of twisted wires with water-blocking elements between these wires, then a screen and then a coating with armor and a protective hose, where fiber-optic modules are located in a braided screen or on top of a foil screen, through which optical signals are transmitted in real-time.

EFFECT: cable design makes it possible to maintain the operability of all elements of the cable structure, including its control fiber-optic modules in various operating conditions, i.e. such a cable line has increased reliability.

18 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to cable and wire engineering, namely, to the designs of power cables for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC, designed for the transmission and distribution of electrical energy at DC in electrified transport networks and in general-purpose networks and having at the same time in In its composition, sensors in the form of an optical fiber, while transmitting in real time optical signals that determine changes in the parameters of the cable, the places of these changes, the places of the cable break and the characteristics of external influences on it.

Based on the signals received in real time from the optical fiber at the automated telematic control complexes, they quickly and accurately determine the location, the nature of the cable condition on the existing geo-base, the location of its break and the dispatcher, or the current load on the cable changes, up to its disconnection, or this address is sent to the repair team to identify and eliminate the cause of the parameter change or the cause of the damage.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

From the prior art, cable designs are known in which optical fiber is used as control cores and sensors, for example, a technical solution is known, patented as (19) RU (11) 190398 (13) U1 "POWER CABLE FOR NETWORKS OF ELECTRIFED TRANSPORT WITH A THERMAL SENSOR", characterized by the following set of essential features aimed at increasing the resistance of the cable to damage:

"Power cable containing sequentially placed elements: the main multi-wire conductive core (1), in the outer layer of which two or more additional control conductive conductors (3) are placed, equipped with individual insulation (4) from heat-resistant insulating cable paper, insulation (5) is the main a conductive core made of heat-resistant insulating cable paper impregnated with an insulating impregnating compound, a metal sheath (6), an anti-corrosion layer (7), a pad (8) under the armor, an armor (9) made of metal tapes and an outer sheath (10) with longitudinal stiffeners, characterized in that one or more thermal sensors (2) in the form of an optical fiber in a protective sheath are additionally placed in the lay of the main conductive core, while the cable paper for insulation (4), (5) of the control and main conductive cores has a heat resistance temperature of at least 110 °С, the impregnating insulating composition has a dropping point of at least 105°С, and the outer The first shell (10) is made of a polymeric material with a Shore hardness on the D scale of at least 30.

The objective of this technical solution is to create a fire detector capable of continuous temperature monitoring along the entire length of the sensing element, which makes it possible to predict dangerous situations and control all potentially dangerous objects, the control function of which is based on the use of Bragg diffraction gratings, more precisely, fiber Bragg gratings (FBR ) - FBG sensors.

The disadvantage of this cable is its narrow specialization - its use only as a fire detector, the extreme high cost and technical difficulties of using it for long distances typical for cable networks, as well as the fact that paper-impregnated insulation is an outdated technology that does not meet modern requirements. on fire safety and ecology.

The closest is the technical solution of the cable patented as (19) RU (11) 195 214 (13) U1 (51) IPC H01B 11/22 (2006.01) (52) SPK H01B 11/22 (2019.08), (57) Power cable for DC networks with elements for monitoring their own physical parameters in real time, contains sequentially placed elements: the main stranded conductive core (11) with insulation (6), in the outer layer of which there is an optical fiber (10) with insulation (9) and can be placed at least one control conductor (8), each of which is equipped with individual insulation (7), a metal sheath (5), an anti-corrosion layer (4), an armor cushion (3), armor (2) made of metal tapes and an outer sheath ( one). The reliability of the cable operation is increased due to the fact that this cable contains elements for monitoring its own physical parameters in real time, which are sensors of the FBG of the optical fiber (10), which is located in a tube made of a heat-resistant polymer material filled with a hydrophobic gel, the cut surface of which withstands a pressure of at least 9.8 kPa for at least three days without water penetrating inside the tube.

The disadvantage of this cable is the use of only fiber-optic FBG sensors in the cable, which are not widely used in practice due to the complexity of manufacturing, as well as the technical difficulties that arise when using fiber-optic FBG over long distances, which are typical for cable networks.

Technical result The proposed solution consists in expanding the range of power cables with real-time control of their own physical parameters due to a different design of cables with optical modules. Fiber optic modules, through which control signals are transmitted in real time, are located in the shield braid, or on the surface of the foil shield and are protected by armor and a protective hose (sheath). The use of optical modules in the power cable, located in the shield braid or on the surface of the foil shield, water-blocking elements, armor and a protective hose allow maintaining the operability of the cable structural elements in various operating conditions, thereby increasing the reliability of the cable line.

Optical fiber sensors can be made as single-mode and multi-mode various types, depending on the telemetry equipment available to the customer, the length of the cable line and its operating conditions.

The drawing shows the design of the proposed cable:

1 - conductive core;

2 - water blocking element;

3 - control insulated core;

4 - optical module;

5 - insulation;

6 - a layer of water-blocking tapes;

7 - screen;

8 - winding with a fastening copper tape;

9 - separating layer;

10 - pillow under the armor;

11 - armor;

12 - armor winding;

13 - protective hose.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DECLARED SOLUTION

Power cable for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC, having a sealed conductive core 1, made of twisted wires of copper or copper alloy, or aluminum, or aluminum alloy, between which water-blocking elements 2 are placed.

The conductive core 1 is covered with a layer of insulation 5 and then a layer of water-blocking tapes 6, which prevent the longitudinal penetration of moisture if the cable is damaged or if the cap at the ends of the cable is damaged.

The next layer is screen 7, which can be made of foil or braid.

One or more fiber optic modules 4 (optical fiber module - optical fibers in a protective sheath) are located in the cable in the braided screen or on the surface of the foil screen, which performs the function of sensors that transmit signals in real time. As fiber optic sensors 4, any type of optical fiber can be used according to the customer's requirement, for example, a single-mode optical module, or a multi-mode optical module, or a combination of both.

Also in the screen 7, at the request of the customer, there can be at least one control core 3, insulated with cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber.

Further, the following layers are superimposed, providing reliable protection of the conductive core and control elements:

- winding of the screen wires with a fastening copper tape 8;

- separating layer 9;

- pillow for armor 10;

- armor 11;

- armor winding 12;

- protective hose 13.

The insulation layer may be made of either cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber or halogen-free cross-linked compositions.

The armor pad can be made at least 1.5 mm thick either from polyethylene for cables with a polyethylene sheath or from a halogen-free composition for cables with a sheath of halogen-free compositions.

Armor can be made of galvanized steel wires or strips.

The separating layer 9 between the insulation and the shield may be made of either polypropylene or water blocking tape and preferably has a nominal thickness of 0.25 mm.

The winding on the armor 12 of the protective cover is preferably made of polypropylene tape.

The protective hose 13 can be made of either polyethylene or halogen-free compositions (suffix HF) or cross-linked halogen-free compositions.

CABLE EXAMPLES

1. A power cable for a rated voltage of up to 3.3 kV DC has a compacted conductive core made of twisted copper wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, XLPE insulation, a separating layer of a water-blocking element, a screen made of copper wire braid, which contains two multimode G.651 fiber optic modules and two control copper insulated cores, on top of this screen there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape 0.25 mm thick. - armor made of galvanized steel tapes.

A winding of polypropylene tape and a protective polyethylene hose are applied over the armor.

2. The power cable for a rated voltage of 1 kV DC is composed of a sealed conductive core made of twisted aluminum wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, ethylene-propylene rubber insulation, a separating layer of a water-blocking element 0.25 mm thick, a braided screen made of aluminum wires, one G.652.D standard single-mode optical module and two control insulated copper cores, which are placed in a copper screen, on top of which there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape, then - an armor pad 1.5 mm thick, made of compositions , not containing halogens, hereinafter - armor made of galvanized steel wires.

Over the armor there is a winding of polypropylene tape and a protective hose made of halogen-free compositions.

3. The power cable for a rated voltage of 1 kV DC is composed of a compacted conductive core made of twisted aluminum wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, ethylene-propylene rubber insulation, a separating layer of a water-blocking element 0.25 mm thick, a copper screen foil, one G.651 multimode fiber optic module, one G.652.D single-mode optical module, which are placed on the surface of a copper foil screen, on top of which there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape, then - an armor pad 1.5 mm thick , made of compositions that do not contain halogens, hereinafter - armor made of galvanized steel wires. A winding of polypropylene tape and a protective polyethylene hose are applied over the armor.

Claims (18)

1. Power cable for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC with a conductive insulated core made of twisted wires, incorporating fiber optic modules that perform the functions of monitoring the cable's own physical parameters in real time, characterized in that the conductive core is made sealed, with water-blocking elements between the wires, and the fiber-optic modules are built into the screen, on top of which there is a separating layer, then - a pillow under the armor, then - the armor, then - the armor winding and the protective hose. 2. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that single-mode optical modules are used. 3. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that multimode optical modules are used. 4. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a combination of single-mode and multi-mode modules is used. 5. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical modules are made in metal or polymer tubes. 6. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive core is made of copper or a copper alloy. 7. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive core is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. 8. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation of the conductive core is made of a cross-linked polymer composition that does not contain halogens. 9. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation of the conductive core is made of ethylene-propylene rubber. 10. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one insulated control core, insulated with cross-linked polyethylene, is built into the screen. 11. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the shield is made of foil. 12. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of braid. 13. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a bonding copper tape is applied over the screen. 14. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the armor pad is made of polyethylene. 15. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the armor pad is made of compositions that do not contain halogens. 16. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the armor is made of galvanized or plated steel tapes or of galvanized or plated steel wires. 17. The cable according to claim. 1, characterized in that the protective hose is made of a cross-linked polymer composition that does not contain halogens, or from compositions that do not contain halogens (with the index HF), or from polyethylene. 18. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating layer is made of a polypropylene tape, or a water-blocking tape, or a polypropylene tape.

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