RU208150U1 - POWER CABLE WITH ELEMENTS OF OWN PHYSICAL PARAMETERS IN REAL TIME MODE - Google Patents

Abstract

The power cable, designed for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC, has an insulated compacted conductive core made of twisted wires with water-blocking elements between these wires, then a screen and then - an armor coating and a protective hose, where in a braided screen or over a foil screen, fiber optic modules are located, through which, in real time, optical signals are transmitted. This design of the cable allows you to maintain the performance of all elements of the cable design, including its control fiber-optic modules in various operating conditions, i.e. such a cable line has increased reliability.

Description

The claimed technical solution relates to cable and wire technology, namely, to the structures of power cables for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC, intended for the transmission and distribution of DC electric energy in networks of electrified transport and in general-purpose networks and having at the same time its composition includes sensors in the form of an optical fiber, transmitting in real time optical signals that determine changes in the parameters of the cable, the places of these changes, the location of the cable break and the characteristics of external influences on it.

Based on the signals received in real time from the optical fiber at the automated telematic control complexes, they quickly and accurately determine the location, the nature of the cable condition on the existing geo-base, the location of its breakage and the dispatcher, or the current load on the cable changes, up to its disconnection, or on this address is sent to the repair team to identify and eliminate the cause of the parameter change or the cause of the damage.

LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

From the prior art, cable designs are known in which optical fiber is used as control cores and sensors, for example, there is a known technical solution patented as (19) RU (11) 190398 (13) U1 "POWER CABLE FOR ELECTRICIZED TRANSPORT NETWORKS WITH A THERMAL SENSOR" the following set of essential features aimed at increasing the resistance of the cable to damage:

"Power cable containing sequentially placed elements: the main multi-wire conductive core (1), in the outer layer of which there are two or more additional control conductive conductors (3), provided with individual insulation (4) of heat-resistant insulating cable paper, insulation (5) main a conductor made of heat-resistant insulating cable paper impregnated with an insulating impregnating compound, a metal sheath (6), an anticorrosive layer (7), a pillow (8) for armor, an armor (9) of metal strips and an outer sheath (10) with longitudinal stiffeners, characterized in that one or more thermal sensors (2) in the form of an optical fiber in a protective sheath are additionally placed in the core of the main conductive core, while the cable paper for insulation (4), (5) control and main conductive cores has a heat resistance temperature of at least 110 ° С, the impregnating insulating composition has a dropping point of at least 105 ° С, and the external the second shell (10) is made of polymer material with Shore hardness on the D scale not less than 30. "

The task of this technical solution is to create a fire detector capable of continuous temperature monitoring along the entire length of the sensitive element, which allows predicting dangerous situations and monitoring all potentially dangerous objects, the control function of which is based on the use of Bragg diffraction gratings, more precisely, fiber Bragg gratings (FBG ) - FBG sensors.

The disadvantage of this cable is its narrow specialization - its use only as a fire detector, the extreme high cost and technical difficulties of using it for large distances typical for cable networks, as well as the factor that paper-impregnated insulation is an outdated technology that does not meet modern requirements on fire safety and ecology.

The closest is the technical solution of the cable, patented as (19) RU (11) 195 214 (13) U1 (51) IPC H01B 11/22 (2006.01) (52) SPK H01B 11/22 (2019.08), (57) Power cable for DC networks with control elements of its own physical parameters in real time, it contains sequentially placed elements: the main multi-wire conductive conductor (11) with insulation (6), in the outer layer of which there is an optical fiber (10) with insulation (9) and can be placed at least one control current-carrying conductor (8), each of which is equipped with individual insulation (7), a metal sheath (5), an anticorrosive layer (4), a cushion for armor (3), armor (2) made of metal strips and an outer sheath ( one). The reliability of cable operation is increased due to the fact that this cable contains elements for monitoring its own physical parameters in real time, which are FBG sensors of optical fiber (10), which is located in a tube made of a heat-resistant polymer material filled with a hydrophobic gel, the cut surface of which withstands a pressure of at least 9.8 kPa for at least three days without water penetrating into the tube.

The disadvantage of this cable is the use of only FBG optical fiber sensors in the cable, which in practice have not received widespread use due to the complexity of manufacturing, as well as the technical difficulties arising when using FBG optical fiber over long distances, which are typical for cable networks.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to expand the range of power cables with control of their own physical parameters in real time due to a different design of cables with optical modules. Fiber optic modules, through which control signals are transmitted in real time, are located in the screen braid, or on the surface of the foil screen, and are protected by armor and a protective hose (sheath). The use of optical modules in the power cable, located in the braid of the screen or on the surface of the screen made of foil, water-blocking elements, armor and a protective hose allow maintaining the operability of the cable structure elements in various operating conditions, thereby increasing the reliability of the cable line.

Optical fiber sensors can be made of various types of single-mode and multi-mode, depending on the telemetry equipment available at the customer, the length of the cable line and its operating conditions.

The figure shows the design of the inventive cable:

1 - conductive core;

2 - water-blocking element;

3 - control insulated conductor;

4 - optical module;

5 - insulation;

6 - a layer of water-blocking tapes;

7 - screen;

8 - winding with a bonding copper tape;

9 - separating layer;

10 - a pillow for armor;

11 - armor;

12 - armor winding;

13 - protective hose.

DESCRIPTION OF THE CLAIMED SOLUTION

Power cable for rated voltage up to 4 kV DC, having a sealed conductive core 1, made of twisted copper or copper alloy, or aluminum, or aluminum alloy wires, between which water-blocking elements 2 are located.

The conductive core 1 is covered with a layer of insulation 5 and then a layer of water-blocking tapes 6, which prevent longitudinal penetration of moisture in case of damage to the cable or damage to the cap at the ends of the cable.

The next layer is screen 7, which can be made of foil or braid.

One or more fiber-optic modules 4 are located in a cable in a braided screen or on the surface of a foil screen (fiber-optic module - optical fibers in a protective sheath, which performs the function of sensors transmitting signals in real time. Any types of fiber-optic sensors 4 can be used optical fiber as required by the customer, for example, a single-mode optical module, or a multi-mode optical module, or a combination of both.

Also, screen 7, at the request of the customer, can contain at least one control core 3, insulated with cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber.

Further, the following layers are superimposed to ensure reliable protection of the conductor and control elements:

- winding the wires of the screen with a bonding copper tape 8;

- separating layer 9;

- pillow for armor 10;

- armor 11;

- armor winding 12;

- protective hose 13.

The insulation layer can be made of either cross-linked polyethylene or ethylene-propylene rubber, or halogen-free cross-linked compositions.

The cushion under the armor can be made with a thickness of at least 1.5 mm, either of polyethylene for cables with a polyethylene sheath or of a halogen-free composition for cables with a sheath of halogen-free compositions.

The armor can be made of galvanized steel wires or tapes.

The separating layer 9 between the insulation and the screen can be made of either polypropylene or water blocking tape and preferably has a nominal thickness of 0.25 mm.

The winding over the armor 12 of the protective cover is preferably made of a polypropylene tape.

The protective hose 13 can be made either from polyethylene, or from halogen-free compositions (with the index HF), or from cross-linked halogen-free compositions.

EXAMPLES OF CABLE PERFORMANCE

1. Power cable for rated voltage up to 3.3 kV DC contains a compacted conductive core made of twisted copper wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, XLPE insulation, a separating layer of a water-blocking element, a braided screen made of copper wires, in which there are two multimode fiber-optic modules of the G.651 standard and two control copper insulated conductors, on top of this screen there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape 0.25 mm thick, then - a cushion for armor 1.8 mm thick, made of polyethylene, then - armor made of steel galvanized strips.

On top of the armor, a winding made of polypropylene tape and a protective hose made of polyethylene are applied.

2. A power cable for a rated voltage of 1 kV DC includes a sealed conductive core made of twisted aluminum wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, insulation made of ethylene-propylene rubber, a separating layer made of a water-blocking element 0.25 mm thick, a braided screen made of aluminum wires, one single-mode optical module of the G.652.D standard and two control copper insulated conductors, which are placed in a copper shield, on top of which there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape, then - a pillow for armor 1.5 mm thick, made of compositions , halogen-free, hereinafter - armor made of galvanized steel wires.

On top of the armor there is a polypropylene tape winding and a protective hose made of halogen-free compositions.

3. A power cable for a rated voltage of 1 kV DC contains a sealed conductive core made of twisted aluminum wires, between which there are water-blocking elements, insulation made of ethylene-propylene rubber, a separating layer made of a water-blocking element 0.25 mm thick, a copper shield foils, one multimode fiber-optic module of the G.651 standard, one single-mode optical module of the G.652.D standard, which are located on the surface of a copper foil shield, on top of which there is a separating layer of polypropylene tape, then - a pillow for armor 1.5 mm thick made of halogen-free compositions, hereinafter - armor made of galvanized steel wires. On top of the armor, a winding made of polypropylene tape and a protective hose made of polyethylene are applied.

Claims (18)

1. Power cable for a rated voltage of up to 4 kV DC with a conductive insulated conductor made of twisted wires, which includes fiber-optic modules that perform the functions of monitoring the cable's own physical parameters in real time, characterized in that the conductive conductor is made sealed, with water-blocking elements between the wires, and the fiber-optic modules are built into the screen, on top of which there is a separating layer, then - the cushion for the armor, then - the armor, then - the armor winding and the protective hose. 2. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that single-mode optical modules are used. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that multimode optical modules are used. 4. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a combination of single-mode and multi-mode modules is used. 5. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the optical modules are made in metal or polymer tubes. 6. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is made of copper or a copper alloy. 7. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductor is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy. 8. Cable according to claim 1. characterized in that the insulation of the conductive core is made by a cross-linked polymer composition that does not contain halogens. 9. Cable according to claim 1. characterized in that the insulation of the conductive core is made of ethylene-propylene rubber. 10. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one insulated control core insulated with XLPE is built into the screen. 11. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of foil. 12. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the screen is made of braid. 13. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a copper tape is applied over the screen. 14. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the cushion under the armor is made of polyethylene. 15. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the cushion under the armor is made of halogen-free compositions. 16. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the armor is made of galvanized or clad steel strips, or from galvanized or clad steel wires. 17. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective hose is made of a cross-linked polymer composition that does not contain halogens, or of compositions that do not contain halogens (with the HF index), or of polyethylene. 18. A cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the separating layer is made of polypropylene tape, or water-blocking tape, or polypropylene tape.

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