RU2772992C1 - Hop dryer with toroidal and astroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used in hop farms for drying freshly harvested hops while maintaining consumer properties. The hop dryer contains successively located in a vertical plane toroidal resonators 5 with alternating resonators in the form of astroids 7 with truncated tops and ceramic biconvex perforated disks 3 in the middle, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the astroid. The perimeters of the truncated apexes of the astroids are joined with the perimeters of the corresponding plates of the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator. Through the middle of the capacitor parts 15 of toroidal resonators and truncated astroids and ceramic perforated biconvex disks, a working branch 8 of a dielectric mesh conveyor is laid. A dielectric mesh limiter 9 is installed along the conveyor on both sides. The loading container 1 is located above the working branch of the conveyor, in front of the first half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons, and the receiving container 11 is located after the second half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons. Magnetrons with waveguide 6 are located with a shift of 120 degrees on the surface of the tori and in both halves of the truncated astroids, except for the first part of the first astroid and the second part of the last astroid. Air outlets 14 and air ducts 13 with a heat gun are attached to each resonator.

EFFECT: use of the invention will improve the quality of the finished product.

1 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The proposed invention can be used in hop farms for drying freshly harvested hops while maintaining consumer properties.

Known Russian hop dryer XC-400 "[1], which implements the convective method of drying. But this method is not effective due to a decrease in the moisture absorption capacity of atmospheric air in the autumn period. Due to the duration of the drying process, consumer characteristics of hops are reduced, heated air up to 65°C does not reduce the development of microflora, the appearance of mold. Therefore, up to 15% first-class hops pass into the second grade and below.

The development of a dryer that provides step-by-step dehydration and disinfection of freshly harvested hops at reduced operating costs by supplying energy in an electromagnetic field is topical.

The objective of the invention is to develop a continuous-flow hop dryer with energy supply in an electromagnetic field, providing a high electric field strength and electromagnetic safety without a shielding housing.

The innovative idea is that the hop dryer contains successively located in a vertical plane toroidal resonators with alternating resonators in the form of astroids with truncated tops and ceramic biconvex perforated disks in the middle. Such an alternation of resonators provides a different rate of heating and drying of hops while maintaining a certain duty cycle of the technological process (the ratio of the duration of exposure to an electromagnetic field of one intensity and the duration of exposure to another intensity). Hop cones are heated and moisture evaporates in a gentle mode.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the hop dryer with toroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field contains toroidal resonators arranged in series in a vertical plane with alternating resonators in the form of astroids with truncated tops and ceramic biconvex perforated disks in the middle, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the astroid,

moreover, the perimeters of the truncated vertices of the astroid are docked with the perimeters of the corresponding plates of the capacitor part of the toroidal resonator,

at the same time, through the middle of the capacitor parts of the toroidal resonator and truncated astroids and ceramic perforated biconvex disks, the working branch of the dielectric mesh conveyor is laid, along which the dielectric mesh limiter is located,

while the loading tank is located above the working branch of the conveyor, in front of the first half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons, and the unloading tank after the second half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons,

magnetrons are located with a shift of 120 degrees on the surface of the tori and in both halves of the truncated astroids, except for the first part of the first astroid and the second part of the last astroid,

air outlets and air ducts with a heat gun for supplying hot air are attached to each resonator.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- spatial image of a hop dryer with toroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field (front view in section, with positions) (Fig. 1);

- spatial image of the working chamber as sequentially arranged with alternation of resonators in the form of truncated astroids and toroidal resonators (Fig. 2);

- schematic representation of a hop dryer with toroidal and astroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field (Fig. 3);

- spatial image of the toroidal resonator (Fig. 4);

- spatial image of the resonator in the form of a truncated astroid

(Fig. 5);

- ceramic biconvex perforated disc (front) (Fig. 6).

- ceramic biconvex perforated disc (side) (Fig. 7).

A hop dryer with toroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field will have:

- loading capacity 1 with a damper;

- the first half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons 2;

- ceramic perforated biconvex discs 3;

- second half of 4 truncated astroids with magnetrons;

- toroidal resonators 5;

- magnetrons with waveguide 6;

- truncated astroids 7;

- working branch of the dielectric mesh conveyor 8;

- dielectric grid limiter 9;

- electric drive 10 of the dielectric mesh conveyor;

- receiving container 11;

- idle branch of the dielectric mesh conveyor 12;

- air ducts with a heat gun 13 for supplying hot air;

- humid air vents 14;

- capacitor parts of 15 toroidal resonators 5.

- the last truncated astroid 16.

A hop dryer with toroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field contains series-joined toroidal resonators 5 with resonators in the form of astroids 7 with scientific peaks, inside which ceramic biconvex perforated disks 3 are located along the vertical axis, with a diameter equal to the diameter of the astroid.

The perimeters of the truncated vertices of the astroids are docked with the perimeters of the corresponding plates of the capacitor part 15 of the toroidal resonator 5. Through the middle of the capacitor parts 15 of the toroidal resonators 5 and truncated astroids 7, as well as through the ceramic perforated biconvex disks 3, the working branch 8 of the dielectric mesh conveyor is laid, along which on both sides a dielectric mesh limiter 9 is located. The idle branch 12 of the dielectric mesh conveyor is located outside the working chamber.

The loading container 1 is located above the working branch of the dielectric mesh conveyor 10, in front of the first half of the truncated astroid 2 without magnetrons, and the receiving container 11 is installed at the end of the last truncated astroid 16 behind its second half, which does not contain magnetrons.

Magnetrons with waveguide 6 are located with a shift of 120 degrees on the surface of the tori and in both halves of the truncated astroids, except for the first part of the first astroid 2 and the second half of the last truncated astroid 16.

Air outlets 14 and air ducts 13 with a heat gun for supplying hot air are attached to each resonator.

The use of truncated resonators in the form of astroids (concave faces) increases the radiation quality factor. The longitudinal coordinates of the critical section depend on the diameter of the truncated vertex [2]. In such resonators, in the region of the slots for the working branch of the grid dielectric conveyor, surfaces are formed from which a complete reflection of the waves is observed, directed inside the resonator.

The use of ceramic perforated biconvex disks 3 allows you to maintain free electromagnetic oscillations of various types, satisfying the boundary conditions of total internal reflection. Ceramics has low thermal losses, since the dielectric loss tangent is only 0.003. Incident and reflected waves are focused in certain places, depending on the location of the emitters, the bulge of the perforated ceramic discs. Perforated biconvex discs provide air circulation. The total energy absorption coefficient reaches its maximum value in those zones of the resonators where the incident, reflected and lateral energy flows are comparable. When designing cavity resonators, it is necessary that their dimensions ensure that the frequency spectrum of the multimode electromagnetic field of standing waves excited in it coincides with the frequency spectrum of anomalous dispersions of free and bound moisture at various stages of their removal from hops [3, p. 264].

Ceramic perforated biconvex disks 3 located in the first and last astroids limit radiation through slots designed to move the dielectric mesh conveyor with raw materials through the working chamber, consisting of several toroidal resonators connected in series with alternating truncated astroids.

The technological process of drying freshly harvested hops in a hop dryer with toroidal resonators with energy supply in an electromagnetic field is as follows. Turn on the electric drive 10 of the mesh dielectric conveyor 8, 12. Turn on the fans with a heater (heat gun 13) at a certain performance and temperature. Open the shutter in the loading tank 1. As the raw material enters the resonators, turn on the corresponding magnetrons. In the absence of raw materials in the resonator, magnetrons cannot be turned on. In this case, the raw material is leveled in height and limited on the sides with the help of a mesh radio-transparent limiter 9. Microwave electromagnetic fields are excited in the cavity resonators, the waves from each emitter interfere, providing a high electric field strength in the capacitor part of the toroidal resonators (important for hop disinfection). Freshly harvested hops are endogenously heated in an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency, internal moisture tends to the outer surface of the hop particle due to the temperature gradient, which is removed by warm air through air vents 14. Each resonator has humidity and temperature sensors that allow you to control the hop dehydration mode. Due to the high intensity of the electric field, the raw material is disinfected during the dehydration process. The hops, dried in a sparing mode with the preservation of consumer properties, are unloaded into the receiving tank 11. After the drying process is completed, first turn off the generators and the heater. Then stop the conveyor 8, 9 and turn off the fan last.

Sources of information:

1. Decree No. 738-r on approval of the Concept for the Development of Hop Growing in the Chuvash Republic for 2020-2025. [Electronic resource]. Access mode: km.cap.ru›doc/laws/2020/08/20/disposal-738-r.

2. Drobakhin O.O. resonant properties of axially symmetric microwave resonators with conical elements // Radiophysics of radio astronomy, 2009, vol.

3. Ginzburg A.S. Calculation and design of drying plants for the food industry. Moscow: Agropromizdat. 1985. 336 p.

Claims (1)

A hop dryer with toroidal resonators having an energy supply in an electromagnetic field, characterized in that the toroidal resonators arranged in series in a vertical plane are installed in alternation with resonators in the form of astroids having truncated tops, inside which ceramic biconvex perforated disks are installed along the vertical axis, with a diameter of equal to the diameter of the astroids, and the perimeters of the truncated vertices of the astroids are docked with the perimeters of the corresponding plates of the capacitor part of the toroidal resonators, in addition, through the middle of the capacitor parts of the toroidal resonators, truncated astroids and ceramic perforated biconvex disks, the working branch of the dielectric mesh conveyor is laid, along which a dielectric mesh limiter, while on the surface of the toroidal resonators and in both halves of the truncated astroids, except for the first part of the first astroid and the second part of the last astroid troids, magnetrons are installed with a shift of 120 degrees, and above the working branch of the mesh conveyor there is a loading tank, which is installed in front of the first half of the truncated astroid without magnetrons, as well as a receiving unloading tank installed after the second half of the truncated astroid, which does not have magnetrons, in addition, air outlets and air ducts with a heat gun are attached to each resonator.

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