RU2742781C1 - Structure of a multi-storey building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction of multi-storey residential and public buildings from precast concrete. The construction of a multi-storey building, consisting of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, in the form of wall panels, floor slabs and curtain, load-bearing or self-supporting external walls, connected to each other through an underlying layer of mortar that is gaining strength over time and forming a "platform" joint. The difference lies in the fact that between the support planes of precast reinforced concrete elements, prefabricated strip gaskets are installed in the form of a concrete strip with a thickness of up to 20 mm, of less strength than the concrete prefabricated elements, reinforced with a transverse reinforcing mesh that collapses under the action of a vertical load, and the longitudinal bars of the meshes located outside the supporting surfaces of walls and floors. In addition, prefabricated reinforced concrete elements are made connected to strip gaskets when fabricated along supporting surfaces.

EFFECT: allows speeding up the process of installation of large-panel buildings, simplifies installation in winter conditions.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular, to the field of construction of multi-storey residential and public buildings from precast concrete.

The structure of a multi-storey building, consisting of prefabricated reinforced concrete wall panels, floor slabs and curtain, load-bearing or self-supporting external walls, and the wall panels are installed on top of each other through floor slabs with an underlying mortar layer between the lower and upper ends of the wall panels and the supporting surfaces of the floors, forming " platform "joint.

The difference lies in the fact that between the support planes of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements, pre-fabricated strip gaskets are installed in the form of a concrete strip with a thickness of up to 20 mm, less strength than the strength of concrete of prefabricated elements, reinforced with a transverse reinforcing mesh that collapses under the action of a vertical load, and the longitudinal bars of the meshes

In addition, the strip pads are attached to the precast concrete elements during their manufacture to their support surfaces.

Known structures of large-panel buildings from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of walls and ceilings (1 sir. 198), in which the internal load-bearing walls rest on each other through the floor slabs by installing the slab through the mortar layer on the upper end of the lower wall panel, and the lower end of the upper wall panel through the mortar layer already rests on the upper surface of the floor slab, forming the so-called "platform" joint. The thickness of the mortar layer reaches two centimeters, and in some developments in the precise manufacture of prefabricated elements, only five millimeters.

The disadvantage of such a building structure and such a joint of large-panel buildings is that the assembly of buildings is accompanied by wet processes and in winter conditions, the strength of the joint is difficult.

The closest technical solution is the construction of large-panel buildings from prefabricated reinforced concrete elements of walls and ceilings (1 sir. 198), in which the internal load-bearing walls rest on each other through the floor slabs by installing the slab through the mortar layer on the upper end of the lower wall panel, and the lower end the upper wall panel through the mortar layer already rests on the upper surface of the floor slab, forming the so-called "platform" joint. The mortar seam levels out deviations in the geometric dimensions of the structure, including the permissible tolerances for deviations of these dimensions.

The aim of the invention is to create a structure of a multi-storey building with platform joints, performed without wet processes, i.e. without mortar layer. In this case, the floor slab rests on the lower wall panel without the use of mortar, and the upper wall panel rests on the floor slab without the use of a mortar layer. At the same time, the joint design levels the permissible tolerances of the geometric dimensions of precast reinforced concrete walls.

This allows you to speed up the installation process of large-panel buildings, simplifies installation in winter conditions.

The essence of the invention is that between the support planes of precast reinforced concrete elements, prefabricated strip gaskets are installed in the form of a concrete strip with a thickness of up to 20 mm, less strength than the strength of concrete of prefabricated elements, reinforced with a transverse reinforcing mesh that collapses under the action of a vertical load, and the longitudinal bars of the meshes

In addition, strip pads are attached to precast concrete elements during their manufacture to their supporting surfaces.

The essence of the invention is disclosed in the drawings, which shows:

in fig. 1 is a cross-section of a fragment of a multi-storey building with prefabricated load-bearing internal walls and floor slabs;

in fig. 2 is a side view of a precast concrete panel with thin layers of concrete at the top and bottom of the panels;

in fig. 3 - support joint of prefabricated reinforced concrete upper and lower wall panels through floor slabs without mortar layer.

In a multi-storey large-panel building, the load-bearing walls are usually internal walls that support each other through the floor slabs. The main bearing node is the "platform" joint.

A multi-storey large-panel building on the example of a fragment (Fig. 1) consists of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels 1 stacked on top of each other through a floor slab 2 without a mortar layer.

The load-bearing wall panel 1 (Fig. 2) is provided on the lower and upper end surfaces with a thin concrete layer 3 or made of other materials, for example, mortar. These layers at the top and bottom of the wall along the end surfaces are connected to the main body of concrete 4 located between these layers. These thin layers can have transverse reinforcement 5, for example, in the form of a mesh, with a diameter smaller than the thickness of this layer.

The construction of such a joint of a large-panel building works as follows. The upper wall is acted upon by a vertical force from the building floors above it, determined taking into account the wind load. This load, already taking into account the weight of the wall 1 itself, is transmitted through a thin concrete layer 3 connected to it onto two adjacent floor slabs 2, resting on the lower wall panel 1, which, in turn, along the upper end has a thin concrete layer 3 also of lower strength than wall panel concrete itself 1.

With more or less accurate manufacturing of flat walls and floors, the tolerance for deviations from geometric dimensions can be no more than 5 mm. This is due to the fact that at present, instead of mortar, cement-sand paste with a stacking thickness of 5 mm is used.

The presented design makes it possible to refuse this paste. After installation of this joint and during the installation of the entire building above it, the load on the joint increases. Thin layers of concrete 3 along the upper and lower surfaces of each wall panel 1 begins to deform relatively more than the concrete body of the wall panel 1. Since the strength of concrete there is lower, given that the maximum deviation in the joint can reach 5 mm due to the inaccuracy of the geometry of the products, in areas where the panel is in direct contact with the floor slab during installation, the highest stresses arise. In these zones, a thin layer of concrete begins to deform and collapse. In this case, the load is redistributed to neighboring zones. Now there, too, the stresses increase, the thin layer is deformed, and the process continues until the wall panel 1 is firmly pressed against the slab 2. If the load does not increase, for example, when the joint is located on higher floors, then the process of load redistribution may stop or may occur for the highest floors.

The destruction of thin layers 3 (their thickness is 5-7 mm) is accompanied by large relative deformations, allowing, as it were, to lower the wall panel by the value of the geometric deviation from zero of the panel surfaces.

After large deformations of thin layers 3, their material is already working in conditions of determining the crushing strength and even crumbled can withstand a heavy load, working simply as a gasket.

For a greater guarantee of the strength of a strained thin layer 3, their transverse (indirect) reinforcement 5 is provided, which in itself increases the deformability of concrete and allows you to create a cage with large deformations. In this case, the diameter of the reinforcement wire should be less than a thin layer so as not to interfere with the deformation of concrete, but if, nevertheless, the deformations of a thin layer 3 press the reinforcement 5 against the main layer of concrete of the wall or slab, then, thanks to deformations of crushing, it will continue the process of redistribution of the load along the length of the joint ...

The required strength of thin concrete layers and their thickness are determined by calculation.

The technology for creating a thin layer 3 in the factory may be different, but in most cases the panel is supplied for installation with a thin layer of reduced concrete strength with full factory readiness.

LITERATURE

1. Drozdov P.F., Sebekin I.M. Design of large-panel buildings. Publishing house literature on construction Moscow 1967.

2. French patent FR 2464339 A1.

Claims (2)

1. The structure of a multi-storey building, consisting of prefabricated reinforced concrete elements in the form of wall panels, floor slabs and hinged load-bearing or self-supporting external walls, connected to each other, characterized in that between the support planes of the precast concrete elements, pre-fabricated strip spacers are installed in the form of concrete strips with a thickness of up to 20 mm, less strength than the strength of concrete of prefabricated elements, reinforced with a transverse reinforcing mesh, which collapses under the action of a vertical load, and the longitudinal rods of the meshes are located outside the supporting surfaces of the walls and floors. 2. The structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the strip gaskets are attached to the precast concrete elements during their manufacture to their supporting surfaces.

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