RU2736258C1 - Multilayered building panel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, namely to building panels, and can be used for construction of buildings and structures, enclosures, soundproof screens, mobile structures. Panel comprises a bearing layer of light concrete and an inner insulating layer, arranged in series on one side relative to the bearing layer, sound-absorbing layer of fibrous material, the protective layer of acoustically transparent material and a first outer layer made of perforated. On the other side of the bearing layer there is a second outer layer.

EFFECT: improved acoustic properties of the panel without increasing its geometric dimensions, improved strength characteristics, simplified design, increased operational reliability of panels and service life.

11 cl, 3 dwg

Description

[01] Technical field

[02] The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to building panels, and can be used for the construction of buildings and structures, fences, noise screens, mobile structures.

[03] State of the art

[04] The traditional construction of a building soundproofing panel is a frame in which stone wool is inserted, sheathed with metal sheets on the sides.

[05] The use of building panels with a load-bearing layer of lightweight concrete is justified and cost-effective, since lightweight concrete, on the one hand, has good sound insulation, heat-saving and load-bearing properties, and on the other hand, it is a cheaper material than, for example, stone wool ... Thus, the use of lightweight concrete makes it possible to use a thinner layer of cotton wool or to abandon its use, reducing the cost of the product while maintaining operational properties. At the same time, the specified panel has the best strength characteristics, which makes it possible to exclude reinforcing elements, frames and additional internal partitions from the structure and makes it possible to use the panel not only in the construction of noise protection screens.

[06] The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a multi-layer building panel disclosed in the publication of the Chinese application CN205035932, 17.02.2016. The specified panel includes sequentially placed layers: a carrier layer of aerated concrete, an insulating layer of mineral wool, and one outer layer of FRP fiberglass, consisting of fiberglass cast resin. These layers are glued together with an adhesive.

[07] The disadvantage of this analogue is that the panel has low sound absorption characteristics, because sound reflects off the outer layer of fiberglass instead of absorbing. A significant disadvantage is also that aerated concrete is not protected from moisture that accumulates in stone wool under the influence of the external environment. The accumulation of water in aerated concrete leads to its destruction.

[08] Disclosure of the essence of the invention

[09] The main technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the development of an inexpensive building panel based on lightweight concrete with improved acoustic properties, strength characteristics and long service life.

[010] The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the acoustic properties of the panel without increasing its geometric dimensions, improving the strength characteristics, simplifying the structure, increasing the operational reliability of the panels and the service life.

[011] The specified technical result is achieved in the invention due to the fact that the multilayer building panel contains a load-bearing layer of lightweight concrete and a sound-absorbing layer of fibrous material, a protective layer of acoustically transparent material and a first outer layer, which the first outer layer is made perforated, an inner insulating layer is placed between the carrier layer and the sound-absorbing layer, and a second outer layer is placed on the other side of the panel carrier layer.

[012] In addition, to achieve the technical result, particular embodiments of the invention are provided, according to which:

[013] - the bearing layer has reinforcement,

[014] - the inner insulating layer is made of metal and / or polymer and / or composite,

[015] - the polymer of the inner insulating layer is a plastic or a film of polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride, or polyester or polypropylene, or cellophane;

[016] - the sound-absorbing layer is made of mineral wool in the form of stone wool or glass wool, or basalt wool,

[017] - the protective layer is made of woven or non-woven fabric,

[018] - the first and second outer layers are made of metal or polymer, or composite,

[019] - the layers of the panel are held together by means of adhesive interlayers.

[020] - the first outer layer and the second outer layer are combined into a closed hollow contour, inside which all the layers of the panel are located, and this contour provides a tight connection of all layers of the panel,

[021] - fasteners in the form of a tenon and a groove are placed on the end parts of the panel for connecting the panels to each other, while the tongue and groove have the shape of a rectangle, or a triangle, or a polygon, or a part of a circle or a combination of these shapes;

[022] - the outer layers of the panel are profiled and / or corrugated and / or have stiffening ribs and / or have protruding elements extending into the depth of the panel.

[023] Unlike the closest analogue, in the considered design:

[024] 1) the outer layer on the side of the sound-absorbing layer is made perforated, which gives the panel sound-absorbing properties, since allows acoustic waves to hit the sound absorbing layer and be absorbed there.

[025] 2) the panel has a protective layer that does not allow the sound-absorbing layer to deform through the perforations, and protects the mineral wool from the external environment, but transmits sound waves.

[026] 3) An inner insulating layer is provided in the panel to protect the base concrete layer from moisture from the sound absorbing layer.

[027] 4) on the other hand, the bearing concrete layer is protected by a second outer layer, which improves the strength characteristics, increases the operational reliability of the panels and their service life.

[028] Brief Description of Drawings

[029] The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

Figure 1 schematically shows the structure of the claimed panel;

Figure 2 shows a first preferred embodiment of the structure;

Figure 3 shows a second preferred embodiment of the structure;

[030] Structural elements and other objects are indicated in the figures by the following numbers:

1 - carrier layer

2 - inner insulating layer

3 - sound-absorbing layer;

4 - protective layer;

5 - the first outer layer;

6 - the second outer layer;

7 - thorn;

8 - groove.

[031] Implementation of the invention

[032] The multilayer building panel includes a carrier layer (1) on one side of which there are sequentially placed: an inner insulating layer (2), a sound-absorbing layer (3), a protective layer (4) and a first outer layer (5), and on the other side placed the second outer layer (6).

[033] The carrier layer (1) is the backbone of the building panel. The layer is made of lightweight concrete with a density of 100 to 2000 kg / m ³ . In particular, cellular concrete is used, for example, aerated concrete, aerated concrete or concrete with a variotropic structure. If necessary, this layer (1) can be reinforced. Also, the layer (1) can be wrapped in a polymer film, in particular, in a polyethylene, cellophane or PVC film.

[034] The inner insulating layer (2) is in contact with the carrier layer and is designed to protect it from moisture ingress. The layer (2) can be made of metal, polymer, in particular plastic (plastic), thermoplastic, polyethylene, cellophane, or a composite, in particular fiberglass, or thermosetting plastic.

[035] The sound-absorbing layer (3) is in contact with the inner insulating layer (2) and is made of fibrous material, in particular, mineral wool, stone wool, glass wool, basalt wool.

[036] The protective layer (4) contacts the sound-absorbing layer and protects it from damage, and also prevents its deformation through the perforation of the outer layer (5). The protective layer (4) is made of an acoustically transparent woven or non-woven material. As a material, canvases made of polymer, basalt or glass filaments, as well as polyester, polypropylene, or polyethylene fibers, for example, geotextiles, can be used.

[037] The first outer layer (5) is in contact with the backing layer (4) and is intended to cover the panel. To improve the sound absorption properties, the first outer layer (5) is perforated.

[038] The second outer layer (6) is located on the other side of the carrier layer (1) and contacts it. The first and second outer layers (5) and (6) of the panel are made of metal, polymer, in particular plastic (thermoplastic or thermosetting plastic), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or a composite, in particular fiberglass, FRP (glass fiber reinforced plastic).

[039] According to the first embodiment (Fig. 2), the layers (1), (2), (3), (4), (5) and (6) of the panel are connected by means of adhesive interlayers. At the same time, on the edges of the outer layers (5) and (6) of the panel, two spikes (7) and two grooves (8) are formed on opposite sides of the panel, allowing the panels to be joined together.

[040] If it is impossible to use adhesive interlayers, the connection of the layers of the panel to each other can be carried out by combining the outer layers (5) and (6) into a single contour, covering both the side and end sides of the panel (Fig. 3). Thus, at least two additional outer layers are provided, located perpendicular to the carrier layer (1), which are produced in a single profile or assembled into a single profile from several parts. This profile holds all inner layers (1,2,3,4) together. In this case, on the end sides of the profile there is a protrusion in the form of a spike (7) and a depression in the form of a groove (8) to ensure the locking connection of the panels to each other. The tongue-and-groove connection profile can be in the form of a rectangle, triangle, part of a circle, polygon, a combination of these shapes, etc.

[041] The outer layers (5,6) of the panel can be profiled, corrugated, have stiffening ribs or protrusions deepening into the inner layers.

[042] The panel can be manufactured by methods known to those skilled in the art. In particular, the outer layers (5) and (6) are produced by pultrusion (for fiberglass), extrusion (for plastic), or cold rolling (for metal) with a possible polymer coating. The first outer layer (5) is perforated before assembly. In the case of panel assembly according to the first design option (Fig. 2), the layers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) are sequentially glued together using an adhesive. When assembling the panel according to the second design option (Fig. 3), the outer layers are assembled into a single hollow profile at the lock joints, or a single hollow panel profile is immediately produced. Layers (2), (3) and (4) are installed inside the profile. Then lightweight concrete is poured into the profile. After the concrete hardens (1), the ends are sealed.

[043] Example 1

[044] A sound-absorbing panel was produced according to the claimed invention, which includes sequentially placed layers: a second outer layer (6) of galvanized metal with a thickness of 0.8 mm, a support layer (1) of aerated concrete with a thickness of 100 mm, an inner insulating layer (2) of galvanized metal 0.5 mm thick, sound-absorbing layer (3) made of stone wool 40 mm thick, protective layer (4) made of geotextiles 0.4 mm thick and the first and second outer layers (5.6) made of galvanized metal 0.8 mm thick with polymer coating. Such a panel with a thickness of 145 mm showed a sound insulation index of 48 dB.

[045] Example 2.

[046] A sound-absorbing panel was produced according to the claimed invention, which includes sequentially placed layers: a second outer layer (6) of plastic with a thickness of 3 mm, a supporting layer (1) of foam concrete with a thickness of 70 mm, an inner insulating layer (2) of plastic with a thickness of 3 mm, a sound-absorbing layer (3) stone wool 40mm thick, protective layer (4) geotextile 0.4mm thick and the first and second outer layers (5.6) of plastic 3mm thick. Such a panel with a thickness of 120 mm showed a sound insulation index of 46 dB.

[047] Example 3

[048] A sound-absorbing panel was produced according to the claimed invention, which includes sequentially placed layers: a second outer layer (6) made of fiberglass with a thickness of 3mm, a supporting layer (1) made of foam concrete with a thickness of 78mm, an inner insulating layer (2) made of fiberglass with a thickness of 1mm, a sound-absorbing layer (3) of rock wool 25 mm thick, a protective layer (4) of glass cloth 0.3 mm thick and the first and second outer layers (5.6) of fiberglass 3 mm thick. Such a panel with a thickness of 110 mm showed a sound insulation index of 42 dB. A similar traditional panel with a thickness of 120mm has a sound insulation rate of 28-34dB, which is almost a third less.

[049] Thus, the claimed panel design has the following advantages:

[050] - The panel has improved acoustic performance.

[051] - The panel has improved strength, rigidity and load-bearing capacity compared to rock wool based structures with a frame

[052] - The base layer of concrete is not subject to shrinkage, in contrast to stone wool.

[053] - The proposed combination of layers makes it possible to simplify the design and abandon the use of reinforcing elements, internal partitions, frames, threaded connections and joints.

[054] - The design allows to reduce the thickness of the layer of expensive fibrous material, replacing it with a cheaper material, which reduces the cost of the panel,

[055] - The structure is protected from the corrosive effects of the external environment, including the destruction of the bearing layer when moisture enters.

[056] - Taking into account the above advantages, the panel has a longer service life and greater operational reliability.

Claims (11)

1. A multilayer building panel containing a load-bearing layer (1) of lightweight concrete and a sound-absorbing layer (3) of fibrous material, a protective layer (4) of acoustically transparent material and a first outer layer (5), placed in series on one side of the support layer, characterized in that the first outer layer (5) is perforated, an inner insulating layer (2) is placed between the carrier layer (1) and the sound-absorbing layer (3), and the second outer layer (6) is placed on the other side of the panel carrier layer. 2. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier layer has reinforcement. 3. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner insulating layer (2) is made of metal and / or polymer and / or composite. 4. Panel according to claim 3, characterized in that the polymer of the inner insulating layer (2) is a plastic or a film of polyethylene, or polyvinyl chloride, or polyester, or polypropylene, or cellophane. 5. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the sound-absorbing layer (3) is made of mineral fibers in the form of stone wool, or glass wool, or basalt wool. 6. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the protective layer (4) is made of a woven or non-woven fabric. 7. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the first (5) and second (6) outer layers are made of metal or polymer or composite. 8. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the layers of the panel are held together by means of adhesive layers. 9. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the first outer layer (5) and the second outer layer (6) are combined into a closed hollow contour, inside which all the layers of the panel are located, and this contour provides a tight connection of all layers of the panel. 10. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that on its end parts there are fastening elements in the form of a spike (7) and a groove (8) for connecting the panels to each other, while the spike (7) and the groove (8) have the form a rectangle, or a triangle, or a polygon, or part of a circle, or a combination of these shapes. 11. Panel according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer layers of the panel are profiled and / or corrugated, and / or have stiffening ribs, and / or have protruding elements extending into the depth of the panel.

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