RU2733876C2 - Method of automatic control of drilling tools supply during drilling and device for implementation thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: soil or rock drilling.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to adjustment of operating parameters of drilling process and can be used in oil and gas industry for automatic supply of drilling tools when drilling oil and gas wells with downhole motor. Method of automatic control of supply of drilling tools during drilling involves measurement of value of pressure of flushing liquid (P) in manifold line, weight of suspended drilling tools on hook (G), torque (M), rotation speed (n) of drill string, calculation of working rate of drilling tool (Vp) supply, measurement of idling parameters, namely pressure of flushing fluid created by drilling pump at idling (Px), weight of suspended drilling tool on hook at idling (Gx), idling torque (Mx), calculation of difference between values of operating parameters and values of idle speed parameters, namely operating differential pressure ΔPp = P-Px, working axial load per bit gp = Gx-G, working torque Mp = M-Mx, determining, from the value n and the traveling block (h) height of the operating mode of the drilling rig, selection of the specified maximum permissible values of parameters depending on the operating mode ΔPp3, gp3, Mp3, Vp3 and their comparison with values of corresponding operating parameters ΔPp, gp, Mp, Vp, selection based on comparison results of main supported parameter (MSP), wherein if the MSP is lower than the predetermined value, the drilling tool feed rate is increased, if the MSP is higher than the predetermined value, then the drilling tool speed is reduced, and if the difference between the MSP value and the given value does not exceed the absolute error value for said parameter, the drilling tool supply rate remains unchanged, wherein h is calculated from drawworks drum speed sensor data (nb), M is measured on rotor or upper power drive, ΔPp or gp or Mp or Vp, the difference of which from the corresponding preset value in percentage ratio is minimum, error value of said parameter is taken to be error value of said parameter. Proposed device is designed to implement claimed method of automatic control of drilling tool supply.

EFFECT: technical result is higher reliability and efficiency of drilling process, wider consumer properties, reduced effect of human factor.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Method for automatic control of drilling tool feed during drilling and device for its implementation. The group of inventions relates to the regulation of the operating parameters of the drilling process and can be used in the oil and gas industry for automatic feeding of a drilling tool when drilling oil and gas wells with a downhole motor.

A known method for automatic regulation of the feed of a drilling tool, which is based on maintaining the constancy of the torque on the bit and reducing fluctuations in the bottom of the drilling rig by controlling the pressure in the manifold line (RU 2013531 C1, E21B 44/00, E21B 4/02, publ. 30.05.1994 ). The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide for limiting the feed rate of the tool, which can lead to blows of the bit against the bottom and overloading of the bit with an abrupt change of rocks of different hardness. The drilling speed can be higher than the drilling fluid upward flow rate, which will cause plugging of the annular space by cuttings.

A known method of monitoring the operation of a hydraulic downhole motor in downhole conditions, in which the pressure is measured in the injection line under load and without load on the bit, maintaining a constant difference in the measured pressure readings. At the same time, the maximum permissible value of the bit feed rate (Vp dol) is determined. Then, the bit feed rate is measured and, if the maximum allowable value is exceeded, the speed is reduced to Vp dol (RU 2508447 C1, E21B 44/00, E21B 4/02, publ. 27.02.2014 Bull. No. 6). However, this method is not effective enough for drilling, since it takes into account a limited number of important operating parameters of the drilling rig.

There is a known method for automatic control of the drilling tool feed during drilling, including measuring the pressure of the drilling fluid (P) in the manifold line, comparing it with the specified and maximum allowable values and controlling the actuator for feeding the drilling tool depending on the comparison results, measuring additional operating parameters of drilling , namely, the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook (G), the torque (M) on the rotor, the flow rate of the drilling fluid (Q), the rotation speed (n) of the drill string, the height of the traveling block (h) and the calculation of the operating speed of the drilling tool (Vp), as well as measurement of idling parameters, namely, the pressure created by the mud pump at idle (Px), the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook at idle (Gx), idle torque (Mx) and flow rate flushing liquid at idle (Qx), calculating the difference between the values of operating parameters and The values of the idling parameters, namely, the working differential pressure difference ΔРр = Р-Рх, the working axial load on the bit gp = Gx-G, the operating torque on the rotor Мр = М-Мх, the differential operating change in the flow rate of the flushing fluid ΔQp = | Q- Qx |, repetition of measurements and comparison of the specified parameters after each next process of building up the drilling tool during drilling, determination of the operating mode of the drilling rig at the current time by the values of n and h, the choice depending on the operating mode of the specified maximum permissible values of the parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз , ΔQpз, Vрз and their comparison with the values of the corresponding operating parameters ΔРр, gp, Мр, ΔQp, Vp, the selection according to the results of comparison of the main supported parameter (OPP) ΔРр, gp or Мр, which differs by a minimum value from the corresponding set value at the current moment time, while if the RPR is lower than the predetermined value, then the feed rate of the drilling tool is increased if the RPP is higher than a predetermined value, the speed of the drilling tool is reduced, and if the difference between the value of the RI and the set value does not exceed the absolute value of the error for this parameter, the feed rate of the drilling tool is left unchanged (RU 2681325 C1, E21B 44/02, publ. 06.03.2019 Bul. No. 7). However, this method has low reliability and efficiency, since there is a high probability of an error in determining the OPP, which is a limited number of parameters. At the same time, it is not clear how it is necessary to influence the feed rate of the drilling tool, if the parameters ΔРр, gp, which, based on the formula of the present invention, must be taken into account together, require opposite effects on the feed rate of the drilling tool. For example, when ΔРр is lower than the set value ΔРрз, and gp is higher than the set value gpз. In addition, the method does not include one of the main parameters, the value of the feed rate of the drilling tool.

According to the purpose, technical characteristics and essential features, the specified method of automatic control of the drilling tool feed during drilling is the closest to the proposed technical solution and is adopted as a prototype. The invention was given the task of increasing the reliability and efficiency of the drilling process, expanding consumer properties, the maximum possible exclusion of the human factor, leading to various kinds of complications and emergencies.

The technical result is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the drilling process, expand consumer properties, and reduce the influence of the human factor.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of automatic control of the feed of the drilling tool during drilling, including the measurement of the pressure of the drilling fluid (P) in the manifold line, the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook (G), the torque (M), the rotation speed (n) drill pipe strings, calculating the operating feed rate of the drilling tool (Vp), measuring the idling parameters, namely, the pressure of the drilling fluid created by the mud pump at idle (Px), the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook at idle (Gx ), torque at idle (Мх), calculating the difference between the values of operating parameters and the values of idling parameters, namely, the working differential pressure ΔРр = Р-Рх, working axial load on the bit gp = Gx-G, operating torque Мр = М-Мх, determination of the operating mode of the drilling rig by the value of n and the height of the traveling block (h), selection depending on the operating mode the specified maximum allowable values of the parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vрз and their comparison with the values of the corresponding operating parameters ΔРр, gp, Мр, Vp, the selection according to the results of the comparison of the main supported parameter (OPP), while if the RPP is lower than the specified value, then the feed rate of the drilling tool is increased, if the RVD is higher than the specified value, then the speed of the drilling tool is reduced, and if the difference between the RVR value and the set value does not exceed the absolute value of the error for this parameter, the feed rate of the drilling tool is left unchanged, h is calculated from the data drawworks drum rotation speed sensor (nb), M is measured on the rotor or the top power drive, ΔРр or gp or Мр or Vp is selected as OPP, the difference of which from the corresponding set value in percentage is minimal, for the error value for this parameter take the value of the measurement error of this parameter.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a device that implements the proposed method for automatically controlling the feed of a drilling tool (hereinafter referred to as the device) during drilling.

The device contains a computing unit 1, a regulation unit 2, a unit for selecting operating parameters 3, an actuator 4, a unit for indicating and entering parameters 5, an adaptation unit 6.

A device for implementing a method for automatically controlling the feed of a drilling tool during drilling works as follows.

Calculation unit 1 is designed to enter the values (values) of the idling parameters Мх, Gx, Рх, obtained from the sensors located on the drilling rig, the values of n, М, G, P, nb. Calculation unit 1 performs the function of calculating the difference between the drilling operating parameters M, G, P and the idling parameters Mx, Gx, Px, respectively, and sends a signal to the control unit 2 and the adaptation unit 6 about the values of the working differential pressure ΔРр, the working axial load on bit gp, working torque Мр, drilling tool feed rate Vp and traveling block height h.

The operating parameters selection unit 3 selects the specified maximum operating parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vрз depending on the operating mode of the drilling rig according to the signals n, nb coming from the corresponding sensors and transmits them to the adaptation unit 6. Adaptation unit 6 compares the information received from the unit calculations 1 and the block for selecting operating parameters 3 and corrects the specified maximum operating parameters and transmits them to the control unit 2 in the form of ΔPkz, gkz, Mkz, Vkz. Further, the control unit 2, after receiving the corrected set values from the adaptation unit 6, selects one main supported parameter ΔРр or gp or Мр or Vp, the difference of which from the corresponding set value in percentage terms is minimal, and issues a control signal to the actuator 4. Mechanism 4, which is made in the form of a band brake with a handle driven by an electric machine, or an electromagnetic powder brake, or an electric machine controlled by an electric converter or a hydraulic motor, has a direct effect on the feed rate of the drilling tool. The input of the actuator 4 receives a signal to release the drawworks (V +) or to brake the drawworks (V-) or to leave the winch speed unchanged (0). The signal to release the drawworks, causing an increase in the feed rate of the drilling tool, is given if the RPM is less than a predetermined value. The signal to decelerate the drawworks leads to a decrease in the feed rate of the drilling tool and is sent to the actuator 4 in the event that the RPM is greater than a predetermined value. If the difference between the RPF and the specified one does not exceed the absolute value of the measurement error of this parameter, the feed rate of the drilling tool is not changed.

The unit of indication and input of parameters 5 is used to display information about the operation of the device and set the tuning parameters. The specified block has direct and feedback connections with blocks 2, 3 and 6. The adaptation block 6 corrects the specified maximum allowable values of the parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vрз and the corrected values ΔРкз gкз, Мкз, Vкз are transmitted to the control unit 2 to generate the corresponding signal, transmitted to the actuator 4. As a prototype of the device for implementing the proposed method for automatic control of the drilling tool feed during drilling, a device is taken containing a calculation unit, a control unit, a unit for selecting operating parameters, an actuator and a unit for indicating and entering parameters (RU 2681325 C1, E21B 44/02, publ. 03/06/2019 bull. No. 7). However, this device has low efficiency and limited consumer properties.

The invention was given the task of increasing the reliability and efficiency of the drilling process, expanding consumer properties, eliminating the influence of the human factor.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of the drilling process, expand consumer properties, reduce the influence of the human factor.

To achieve the technical result, an adaptation block 6 is introduced into the device for implementing the method of automatic control of the drilling tool feed, containing a calculation unit 1, a control unit 2, a selection unit of operating parameters 3, an actuator 4 and an indication and input unit 5 parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vрз and transmission of the corrected values ΔРкз gкз, Мкз, Vкз to the control unit to generate the corresponding signal transmitted to the actuator 4.

Thus, the above device is configured to implement the proposed method for automatically adjusting the feed of a drilling tool during drilling, namely, a method including measuring the pressure of the drilling fluid (P) in the manifold line, the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook (G), torque (M), rotation speed (n) of the drill pipe string, calculation of the operating feed rate of the drilling tool (Vp), measurement of the idling parameters, namely, the pressure of the drilling fluid created by the mud pump at idle speed (Px), the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook at idle (Gx), torque at idle (Mx), calculating the difference between the values of the operating parameters and the values of the idling parameters, namely, the working differential pressure ΔРр = Р-Рх, the working axial load on the bit gp = Gx- G, working torque Мр = М-Мх, determination by value n and height of traveling block (h) operating mode of the drilling rig, the choice depending on the operating mode of the specified maximum permissible values of the parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vpз and their comparison with the values of the corresponding operating parameters ΔРр, gp, Мр, Vp, the selection based on the results of the comparison of the main supported parameter (OPP), while if the RPV is lower than the specified value, then the feed rate of the drilling tool is increased, if the RPV is higher than the specified value, then the speed of the drilling tool is reduced, and if the difference between the RPV value and the specified value does not exceed the absolute value of the error for this parameter, the feed rate of the drilling tool is left unchanged, and h is calculated according to the data of the sensor of the rotation speed of the drawworks drum (nb), the measurement of M is carried out on the rotor or the upper power drive, ΔРр or gp or Мр or Vp is selected as the OPP, the difference of which from the corresponding set value in percentage ratio is minimal, the error value for this parameter is taken in The magnitude of the measurement error for this parameter. Improving the reliability and efficiency of the device is achieved by reducing the number of measurements and the time for their implementation. The likelihood of error in determining the RPM and making a decision regarding the change in the feed rate of the drilling tool is reduced. The introduction of the feed rate of the drilling tool (Vp) and the presence of an adaptation block lead to the expansion of consumer properties, which allows the proposed method to be used for drilling in rocks that differ from each other in characteristics and better take into account their physical and mechanical properties. In addition, a decrease in the role of the human factor, leading to various kinds of complications and emergencies, is ensured by a reduction in the number of measurements, in particular, the exclusion of measurements of the flow rate of the flushing fluid, which practically does not affect the determination of the RPU.

The proposed group of technical solutions has novelty, is not obvious to specialists, and is industrially applicable.

Claims (2)

1. A method for automatic control of the drilling tool feed during drilling, including measuring the pressure of the drilling fluid (P) in the manifold line, the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook (G), the torque (M), the rotation speed (n) of the drill string, calculating the working feed rate of the drilling tool (Vp), measuring the idling parameters, namely, the pressure of the drilling fluid created by the mud pump at idle (Px), the weight of the suspended drilling tool on the hook at idle (Gx), and the torque at idle ( Мх), calculating the difference between the values of the operating parameters and the values of the idling parameters, namely, the working differential pressure ΔРр = Р-Рх, the working axial load on the bit gp = Gx-G, the operating torque of the upper power drive Мр = М-Мх, determination by the value of n and the height of the traveling block (h) of the operating mode of the drilling rig, the choice depending on the operating mode of the specified maximum permissible of the values of the parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vрз and their comparison with the values of the corresponding operating parameters ΔРр, gp, Мр, Vp, the selection according to the results of the comparison of the main supported parameter (OPP), while if the OPP is lower than the specified value, then the feed rate of the drilling tool is increased, if the RPC is higher than the predetermined value, then the speed of the drilling tool is reduced, and if the difference between the RPC value and the set value does not exceed the absolute value of the error for this parameter, the feed rate of the drilling tool is left unchanged, characterized in that h is calculated according to the data of the drawworks drum rotation speed sensor (nb), M is measured on the rotor or the upper power drive, ΔРр or gp or Мр or Vp is selected as the OPP, the difference of which from the corresponding specified value in percentage terms is minimal, for the error value for of this parameter take the value of the measurement error of this parameter. 2. A device for implementing a method for automatically regulating the feed of a drilling tool during drilling, containing a calculation unit, a control unit, a unit for selecting operating parameters, an actuator and a unit for indicating and entering parameters, characterized in that it contains an adaptation unit for adjusting the specified maximum allowable parameter values ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vpз, and transmission of the corrected values of ΔРкз, gкз, Мкз Vкз to the control unit to generate the corresponding signal transmitted to the actuator, while the calculation unit performing the function of calculating the difference between the operating parameters of drilling M, G, P and idling parameters Мх, Gx, Рх, respectively, sends a signal to the control unit and the adaptation unit about the values of the working differential pressure ΔРр, the working axial load on the bit gp, the working torque Мр, the feed rate of the drilling tool Vp and the height of the traveling block h, block selection of operating parameters choose t specified maximum operating parameters ΔРрз, gpз, Мрз, Vpz, depending on the operating mode of the drilling rig according to the signals n, nb, coming from the corresponding sensors, and transmits them to the adaptation unit, which compares the information received from the calculation unit and the unit for selecting operating parameters, corrects the set maximum operating parameters and transfers them to the control unit in the form of ΔРкз, gкз, Мкз, Vкз., which, after receiving the corrected set values from the adaptation unit, selects one main supported parameter ΔРр or gp or Мр or Vp, issues the corresponding control signal to the actuator, the display and parameter input unit has direct and feedback connections with the control units, the operating parameter selection unit and the adaptation unit.

Images