RU2728659C1 - Two-module microwave unit for heat treatment of beeswax raw material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Two-module microwave installation for thermal treatment of beeswax raw material contains coaxially located non-ferromagnetic truncated cones in the first module, between which a coaxial dielectric conical plate with slots on the lateral side is located. In place of lower base of internal truncated cone coaxially installed cylindrical resonator, lower base of which is presented in the form of a non-ferromagnetic thermo disk located with a gap less than a quarter of the wavelength, rigidly mounted on the shaft of the electric motor together with the dielectric conical plate. On the upper base of the resonator there is a receiving reservoir containing corrugated non-ferromagnetic rolls, and on the side surface there are magnetrons with air cooling. Outer truncated non-ferromagnetic body comprises drain pipe and discharge hole located above edge of dielectric conical plate and docked with hole on surface of spherical resonator located in second module. Inside the spherical resonator there is a dielectric perforated disk rotating with the help of an electric motor, and from the outside there are magnetrons and there is an unlimited waveguide with a ball valve.EFFECT: invention enables to develop an apparatus which enables to wax raw material by exposure to an electromagnetic field of an ultrahigh frequency of a corresponding dose for wax and honey and separating said components into separate components.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The alleged invention relates to agriculture and can be used to separate honey and melt wax from beeswax raw materials (cutting, trimming, stripping) in apiary conditions.

In beekeeping, foundation is widely used, which is produced from beeswax. Apiaries in Russia can fully satisfy the demand for beeswax if the wax raw material is processed without losses.

It is known that the technology of apiary processing of wax raw materials includes: installation of apiary frames in the nests of the honey extractor; pumping honey in a honey extractor ; removal of frames with honeycombs from the honey extractor after honey pumping; loading frames with honeycombs into a steam centrifuge-wax refinery, for example PVTsS-1M. The resulting emulsion with impurities is placed in a linen bag and, using a wax press , the waste (merva) is separated from the suspension, which is further cooled to the pour point. This is pure wax - the finished product. When conducting beekeeping in an apiary, wax raw materials accumulate. It includes:

light and darkened discarded honeycombs;

wax build-ups removed from the slats of the frames, the walls of the hives;

lids, cut off when unsealing honeycombs (beading);

pieces of honeycomb accumulating at the bottom of the hives;

propolis taken from the upper bars of frames and laps;

wastes obtained during the processing of primary raw materials - beekeeping, etc. High waxiness, close to 100%, has a beading and light wax build-ups on the frame strips. There is a lot of honey in them. It is known that 30 kg of backing contains 6.3 kg of wax (22%); merv 1 kg (3%) and honey 22.7 kg ( 75%) [1].

Under the conditions of an apiary, wax raw materials are processed in steam wax pots of various designs. Their principle of operation is based on the melting of wax by steam and the separation of the apiary by filtering or pressing. But the collected wax raw material contains a lot of honey, and it is not possible to separate the honey from the wax in the wax melter.

Therefore, a two-module installation is being developed for the heat treatment of wax raw materials by the action of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (EMPHF) and honey separation. The proposed technology for the processing of raw wax containing a sufficient amount of honey provides for the separation of honey from the total mass and the heating of the disinfected beeswax in the process of exposure to EMPH .

Currently, in an apiary, separate devices are used to perform these operations. For the heat treatment of beeswax raw materials, wax presses, high-temperature wax melters (VVT-1P "Melissa"), centrifuges-waxes (PVTsS-1M), etc. are used. At the same time, the quality of the melted product depends on many factors, including the temperature and duration of processing. When heat treatment of wax raw materials, an increase in temperature above 70-80 ° C is undesirable, since this leads to a deterioration in the quality of the final product. Taking into account the requirements for the technology of processing wax raw materials, a microwave installation has been developed, consisting of two modules, which allows combining the processes of separating the honey present in the raw material, melting and disinfecting beeswax by exposure to EHMS.

An analogue of the first module is the Neptune juicer, which consists of a conical and disc grater, a dielectric plate with slots, a tray and an electric drive [2].

Known multi-module centrifugal ultra-high-frequency installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction (patent No. 2694179), where each working chamber consists of an upper and lower part [3]. The upper part of the chamber made of non-ferromagnetic material is presented as truncated conical bodies coaxially joined by perimeters of large and small diameters. In this case, a truncated conical part of the resonator, made in the form of a float with an internal notch, is attached to the generatrix in the inner truncated conical body. In the lower part of the working chamber, the plate and the pallet are located coaxially, in the form of truncated cones and installed on the electric motor shaft. The generatrix of the dielectric plate has slots, and a drain pipe is connected to the annular base of the non-ferromagnetic tray located at an angle. A disk float is placed in the plate and fixed with a clamping screw, like the base of a conical resonator.

Disadvantages. It is not possible to separate honey from wax from wax raw materials using this installation, due to the difference in melting points of wax and honey, which have a high viscosity.

Known microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of egg waste (patent No. 2999753) [4]. Two coaxially located truncated cones made of non-ferromagnetic material without upper bases of large diameter with small bases downward are vertically mounted on the frame, forming a toroidal resonator with an inclined rectangular section of the torus and a condenser part formed by a coaxially mounted hemisphere instead of a small base of the inner truncated cone and a small base of the outer truncated cone. Inside the toroidal resonator, a dielectric conical plate with a grating non-ferromagnetic disc without perforation is coaxially mounted on the electric drive shaft. Magnetrons are installed along the perimeter of the hemisphere base. On the generatrix of the outer truncated cone there is an unloading hole located above the edge of the dielectric conical plate, under which there is a removable storage tank.

Disadvantages. The device can separate the raw material into liquid and solid fractions, but melted wax may also appear in the liquid fraction along with the melted honey, since there is no possibility of adjusting the exposure dose to the components.

Due to the fact that crystallized honey begins to melt at a temperature of 40-45 ° C, and beeswax melts at a temperature of 64 ° C, it is difficult to carry out these processes in one resonator. Therefore, the technical challenge is the development of an installation that provides the melting of wax raw materials by exposure to the EMPHR of the appropriate dose for wax and honey and their separation into separate components.

The technical result is achieved in that a two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials contains in the first module coaxially located non-ferromagnetic truncated cones, between which a dielectric conical plate with slots on the lateral side is coaxially located,

moreover, in place of the lower base of the inner truncated cone, a cylindrical resonator is coaxially installed, the lower base of which is presented in the form of a non-ferromagnetic grating disk, located with a gap of less than a quarter of a wavelength, rigidly mounted on the motor shaft together with a dielectric conical plate,

on the upper base of the resonator there is a receiving tank containing corrugated non-ferromagnetic rolls, and magnetrons are installed on the side surface,

wherein the outer truncated non-ferromagnetic body contains a drain pipe and an unloading hole located above the edge of the dielectric conical plate and docked with the hole on the surface of the spherical resonator located in the second module,

moreover, inside the spherical resonator there is a perforated dielectric disk rotating by an electric motor, and outside magnetrons are installed, and an out-of-limit waveguide with a ball valve is provided.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials; in fig. 2 shows a spatial image of a two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials.

A two-module microwave unit for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials contains:

receiving container 1;

corrugated non-ferromagnetic rolls 2;

cylindrical resonator 3; magnetrons 4;

inner non-ferromagnetic truncated cone 5;

conical dielectric plate 6 with slots on the side surface;

outer non-ferromagnetic truncated cone 7;

non-ferromagnetic grating disc 8;

drain pipe 9;

an electric motor 10 to drive a grating disk and a dielectric plate 6;

non-ferromagnetic housing 11;

an unloading hole on the outer truncated body 12;

a hole in the spherical resonator 13;

spherical resonator 14;

dielectric perforated disc 15;

transcendental waveguide with a ball valve 16.

The developed two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials consists of two modules (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The first module is designed according to the principle of the Neptune juicer and is intended for preliminary dielectric heating of raw materials and melting honey, and separating it from the wax raw materials by centrifugation. The second module is designed for melting and disinfecting the separated beeswax in a spherical resonator, where a microwave electromagnetic field is excited.

The first module of the microwave installation contains vertically coaxially located two truncated cones 5, 7 made of non-ferromagnetic material without upper bases, small bases down. The annular space between the upper edges of the truncated cones is closed with a non-ferromagnetic material. Between these truncated cones, a dielectric conical plate 6 is disposed coaxially. On the base of the dielectric conical plate 6, a non-ferromagnetic grating disk 8 is disposed coaxially, which rotate together with the help of an electric motor 10.

In place of the small base of the inner truncated cone 5, a non-ferromagnetic cylinder 3 is coaxially installed in a shielding cylinder 11 without a lower base, and a receiving container 1 is installed on the upper base, containing non-ferromagnetic corrugated rolls 2. On the side surface of a non-ferromagnetic cylinder 3 magnetrons 4 are installed with a shift of 120 degrees ... The non-ferromagnetic cylinder 3 and the non-ferromagnetic grating disk 8 form a cylindrical resonator and the gap between them is less than a quarter of the wavelength. On the generatrix of the outer truncated cone 7 there is an unloading hole 12 located above the edge of the dielectric conical plate 6. A spherical resonator 14 is attached to the unloading hole 12 so that the hole 13 of the same size and rectangular cross section on the surface is joined. Inside the spherical resonator 14 in the horizontal plane, below the hole 12, 13, there is a fluoroplastic perforated disk 15 rotating from the electric motor 18.On the outer side of the spherical resonator there are magnetrons 17 with emitters directed inward, with a spatial shift of 120 degrees, and a transient waveguide 16 s ball valve for draining finished products.

The high intensity of heat exchange in this microwave installation is achieved by combining the process of grinding raw materials with a grating disc in a centrifugal field and endogenous heating with the process of preliminary separation of honey from wax and melting it under the influence of EMPHW. At the same time, in each resonator, it becomes possible to regulate the dose of exposure to EMPHF in accordance with their melting point (wax melts at temperatures above 64 ° C, and honey - above 40 ° C).

So, a two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of wax raw materials and separation of honey in a continuous mode contains two resonators. In the first module, the technological process of separating honey from the wax raw material takes place in a cylindrical resonator 3, and in the second, the melting of beeswax in a spherical resonator 14.

The technological process of heat treatment of beeswax raw materials and honey separation is as follows. In the first module, the technological process is based on grinding wax raw materials using a disk grater, dielectric heating in a cylindrical resonator and squeezing the crushed masses through the slots of the dielectric plate due to centrifugal forces. Load the beeswax raw material into the receiving container 1, turn on the electric drive that rotates the non-ferromagnetic grating disk 8 and the conical dielectric plate 6. Then turn on the electric drive of the corrugated non-ferromagnetic rolls 2. As soon as the wax raw material is in the cylindrical resonator 3 with the shielding case 11, turn on the microwave generators ( magnetrons 4). Open the drain pipe 9. In the cylindrical resonator, the wax raw material is mixed and crushed by the rotation of the non-ferromagnetic grating disk 8 and is exposed to an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (wavelength 12.24 cm, frequency 2450 MHz). With dielectric heating of beeswax raw materials, honey is first melted. The wax raw material, falling into the conical dielectric plate 6, is pressed against its lateral surface and rises up to the unloading hole 12 on the outer truncated body 7. In this case, liquid honey, due to centrifugal force when pressing the raw material to the lateral surface of the dielectric plate, 6 flows out through it slots, then drains through the branch pipe 9. The separation of beekeeping wax from honey due to the creation of excess pressure between the conical dielectric plate 6 with slots and truncated cones 5, 7 occurs in the pressing area. The centrifuge function is performed by a dielectric conical plate 6 with slots on the side surface, and the non-ferromagnetic grating disk 8 is the base of the cylindrical resonator 3 and contributes to the grinding of raw materials. This design of the working chamber with a cylindrical resonator having a rotating base and a conical plate with slots provides preliminary dielectric heating of the wax raw material and separating it into honey - a liquid fraction and wax - a solid fraction. Filtration of melted honey from the wax raw material through the slots on the side surface of the conical dielectric plate 6 is due to centrifugal forces.

The solid fraction (wax) enters the second module through the hole 13 located on the surface of the spherical resonator 14. In the second module, close the ball valve 16 on the transient waveguide, then turn on the electric motor 18 of the drive of the perforated dielectric disk 15, the generators (magnetron 17). The wax, falling on the rotating dielectric disk 15 in the EMPH, is melted, disinfected and flowing through the perforation, accumulates at the bottom of the spherical resonator 14. When the effective temperature is reached, the wax is poured through the transcendental waveguide, opening the ball valve 16 at a certain flow rate.

The initial wax raw material can have a different type and percentage of honey. The capacity of the plant depends on the number of generators.

A source of information

1.https: //beejournal.ru/razvedenie-i-soderzhanie-lubitel/2560-a-chto-v-zabruse

2.https://market.yandex.ru/offer/g-

3. Patent No. 2694179 RF, IPC A23K10 / 00. Multimodal centrifugal ultra-high-frequency installation for heat treatment of raw materials of animal origin and separation of the liquid fraction applicant and patentee NGSKhA (RU). - No. 2017108665; declared 13.03.2017. Bul. No. 5 dated 20.02.2019. - 15 p.

4. Patent 2999753 No. RF, IPC A47j29 / 06. Microwave installation with a toroidal resonator for heat treatment of egg waste applicant and patentee NGIEU (RU). - No. 2018136712; declared 10/17/2018. Bul. No. 25 dated 09.09.2019. - 14 p.

Claims (5)

A two-module microwave installation for heat treatment of beeswax raw materials is characterized by the fact that it contains coaxially located non-ferromagnetic truncated cones in the first module, between which a dielectric conical plate with slots on the side is coaxially located, moreover, in place of the lower base of the inner truncated cone, a cylindrical resonator is coaxially installed, the lower base of which is presented in the form of a non-ferromagnetic grating disk, located with a gap of less than a quarter of the wavelength, rigidly mounted on the motor shaft together with a dielectric conical plate, on the upper base of the resonator there is a receiving tank containing corrugated non-ferromagnetic rolls, and magnetrons are installed on the side surface, while the outer truncated non-ferromagnetic housing contains a drain pipe and an unloading hole located above the edge of the dielectric conical plate and docked with the hole on the surface of the spherical resonator located in the second module, moreover, inside the spherical resonator there is a perforated dielectric disk rotating by an electric motor, and outside magnetrons are installed and an out-of-limit waveguide with a ball valve is provided.

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