RU2728461C1 - Plant for preplanting treatment of vegetable crops by complex effect of electrophysical factors in continuous mode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Proposed is plant for pre-planting of vegetable crops containing fluoroplastic discs, each of which has periphery discharge hole in form of segment with gate, connected with corresponding corrugated dielectric sleeve. In the recesses of the fluoroplastic discs there are electrogas-discharge lamps, which are powered from sources of the chigenic frequency, attached from the outer side of the spherical resonators, and above each fluoroplastic disk radially installed rotating brush from electric motor with dielectric base and electroconductive fibers. At that, on outer side of spherical resonators there are magnetrons with radiators directed inwards, lower and upper out-of-limit waveguides, at that, one ends of lower out-of-limit waveguides are connected to corrugated dielectric sleeves, other ends are directed inside cylindrical container, and upper out-of-limit waveguides with one end are connected with corresponding guide segments comprising ball valves located on base of hemispherical receiving capacity, with other end – with spherical resonator.EFFECT: device provides effective preplanting treatment.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to agriculture and can be used for pre-planting processing of onion sets, potato tubers and other vegetable crops.

It is known that the processing of onion sets and potato tubers before planting is carried out in order to avoid low germination, bacterial damage, intensive "shooting of onion sets", etc. For example, 2-4 days before planting, onion sets are heated convectively at a temperature of 35-40 ° C for 10-12 hours [1].

The known method of pre-planting processing of onion sets in an electromagnetic field of high frequency [2]. In this case, high-frequency installations (such as ICP, LGD) of periodic action with fixed frequencies (27.12 MHz or 40.68 MHz) were used, where the working chamber is a high-frequency capacitor made of two parallel plates. The author has proven the positive effect of exposure to a high frequency electromagnetic field.

Disadvantages. To ensure electromagnetic safety during the operation of a high-frequency installation in a continuous mode, it is necessary to provide for very complex assemblies and clamping contacts made of copper.

Known installation with a toroidal resonator for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers by the influence of electrophysical factors, where the complex effect of such electrophysical factors as: an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency (microwave generator); corona discharge, ultraviolet rays, ozone (source - ultraton or darsonval) and induction heating (induction cooker) [3].

Disadvantages. The intrinsic Q-factor of the toroidal resonator is not high enough, which reduces the efficiency of the entire installation. The spherical resonator has the highest intrinsic quality factor (this is the ratio of the resonator volume to the surface area of the sphere, taking into account the skin layer, which takes into account the decrease in the amplitude of electromagnetic waves as they penetrate deep into the conducting surface of the resonator). In other words, the intrinsic quality factor is the ratio of the stored energy to the energy absorbed during one period of wave oscillations.

To disinfect, activate the cells of the planting material and increase the sowing and productive indicators, we propose to carry out pre-planting processing in an installation with sources of a microwave electromagnetic field (microwave generators with an air-cooled magnetron) and electric gas-discharge lamps powered by a kilohertz generator. For example, the sources of the kilohertz frequency can be "Ultraton AMP - 2 INT" (frequency 22 kHz) or "Darsonval" (frequency 110 kHz) [4]. Ultrasonic exposure is the impact on raw materials of high-frequency electric current. This alternating current is sinusoidal, characterized by high voltage and low strength. An important effect of ultrasonic action on raw materials is the bactericidal effect of ozone.

It is proposed to process vegetable seeds before planting with the complex effect of electrophysical factors, such as: an ultrahigh frequency electromagnetic field and corona discharge, which provides air ionization and ozonation. The implementation of the complex effect of electrophysical factors on raw materials in a continuous mode is possible in a microwave installation with spherical resonators containing fluoroplastic disks and transcendental waveguides, which ensure compliance with electromagnetic safety when moving raw materials using brushes through a spherical resonator.

An electric gas-discharge lamp (filled with argon or neon), located in a cavity resonator, connected to a kilohertz frequency source, provides amplification of the corona discharge and radiation of a bactericidal flow of ultraviolet rays.

The technical problem of the invention is development of multi-generator radio-hermetic installation of continuous operation for pre-planting processing of vegetable crops with spherical resonators possessing high intrinsic quality factor, providing excitation of the electromagnetic field ultra-high frequency, containing electric gas-discharge lamps connected to a source of kilohertz frequency and allowing ionization and ozonization of air due to corona discharge. The installation provides a complex effect of an electromagnetic field of ultra-high frequency, a bactericidal flow of UV rays and ozonized air on the raw material.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the installation for pre-planting processing of vegetable crops by the complex effect of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode contains spherical resonators located along the periphery of the round table, in which fluoroplastic disks are rigidly installed along the horizontal axis, each of which has an unloading hole at the periphery in the form of a segment with a damper connected to the corresponding corrugated dielectric sleeve,

moreover, in the depressions of the fluoroplastic disks there are electric gas-discharge lamps powered by kilohertz frequency sources attached to the outer side of the spherical resonators, and above each fluoroplastic disk, a brush with a dielectric base and electrically conductive fibers is radially installed above each fluoroplastic disk,

while on the outside of the spherical resonators there are magnetrons with emitters directed inward, the lower and upper out-of-limit waveguides, while some ends of the lower out-of-limit waveguides are connected to corrugated dielectric sleeves, others are directed inside the cylindrical container, and the upper out-of-limit waveguides are joined at one end to the corresponding guide segments containing ball valves located on the base of the hemispherical receiving tank, the other end with a spherical resonator.

The technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a plant for pre-planting treatment of vegetable seeds with a complex effect of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode;

in fig. 2 is a spatial image installations for pre-planting processing of vegetable seeds with a complex effect of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode.

The installation contains (Fig. 1, 2):

hemispherical receiving container 1; guide segment with ball valve 2; upper transcendental waveguides for directing raw materials 3; spherical resonators 4; magnetrons 5; brushes 6; fluoroplastic discs 7; electric gas discharge lamps 8; unloading holes 9 in the form of a sector with dampers; corrugated dielectric sleeves 10; lower prohibitive waveguides for unloading raw materials 11; sources of kilohertz frequency 12; electric motor drive brushes 13; container for receiving processed raw materials 14.

Installation for pre-planting processing of vegetable seeds by the complex effect of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode contains spherical resonators 4 located on a round table around the periphery (the table is not shown in the figure). Inside each resonator, along the horizontal axis, a fluoroplastic disk 7 is rigidly mounted, having an unloading hole 9 in the form of a segment at its periphery. One end of the corrugated dielectric sleeve 10 is attached to the discharge hole 9 from the rear side of the fluoroplastic disk 7, the other end of the sleeve is connected to the lower transcendental waveguide 11 located on the outer side of the spherical resonator 4. In the recesses of the fluoroplastic disks 7 there are electric gas discharge lamps 8, powered from kilohertz sources frequency 12, attached to the outer side of the spherical resonators 4. Above each rigidly fixed fluoroplastic disk 7, a brush 6 with a dielectric base and electrically conductive fibers is installed radially rotating from the electric motor 13.

On the outside of the spherical resonators 4 there are magnetrons with emitters directed inward. The magnetrons are cooled with a fan. Each upper transcendental waveguide 3 is connected with one end to the corresponding guide segment 2, which is located on the base of the hemispherical receiving container 1, and the other end with a spherical resonator 4. The open ends of the lower transcendental waveguides 11 are directed inside the cylindrical container 14. Each guide segment 2 has a ball tap, allowing metered feed of raw materials into the spherical resonator 4.

Technological process of pre-planting processing of vegetable seeds complex exposure to electrophysical factors in a continuous mode is as follows. Close the ball valves in each guide segment 2, which allow the metered supply of raw materials to the spherical resonator. Close the segment-shaped discharge opening on the PTFE disc 7 with a shutter. Pour raw materials (onion sets, potato seed tubers, no more than 3-4 cm in size) into a hemispherical receiving container 1. Turn on the electric motor to rotate the brushes 6. Open the ball valves in the guide segments 2. The raw material is dosed into the upper ones with the help of guide segments 2 transcendental waveguides 3, then into the corresponding spherical resonators 4, where it is crumbled with the help of fluoroplastic disks 7. Switch on microwave generators (5) and sources of kilohertz frequency 12 (22 kHz or 110 kHz). In the spherical resonators 4, an electromagnetic field of ultrahigh frequency (2450 MHz) is excited, and the electric gas-discharge lamps 8 light up, a corona discharge occurs, which provides the processes of ionization and ozonization of the air and the radiation of a bactericidal flow of ultraviolet rays. The power of the radiation flux of electric gas discharge lamps 8 in the electromagnetic field is amplified.

Raw materials are exposed to the complex effects of electrophysical factors, endogenously heated and disinfected. Open the flaps under the unloading holes 9 (do not close until the end of the processing of the entire volume of raw materials in the receiving container 1). The processed raw material is moved by the brush 6 to the outlet 9 in the form of a segment. Further, through the dielectric corrugated sleeve 10 and the lower transcendental waveguide 11, it is unloaded into the container 14. The corrugations on the sleeve 10 facilitate the movement of raw materials. The duration of the stay of the raw material in the spherical resonator, and, consequently, the duration of exposure to a complex of electrophysical factors is regulated by the rotational speed of the radially located brush 6 with a dielectric base and conductive villi, which, when in contact with the electric gas discharge lamp 8, enhance the corona discharge. For one revolution of the brush over a fluoroplastic disc, within 0.5-1 kg of onion, the set is exposed to the complex effect of electrophysical factors and warms up to a temperature of 28-32 ° C with a microwave generator power of 800 W in 10-15 s. This will allow for the pre-planting processing of onion sets using one spherical resonator with a capacity of 150-180 kg / h.

In the case of using 4-6 resonators, the plant productivity reaches up to 1 t / h.

Sources of information

1.dacha-vprok.ru> Warming up and soaking.

2. Ushakova, Stalina Ivanovna. Substantiation and study of the processes of drying and pre-sowing processing of onion sets in a high-frequency electromagnetic field: abstract of thesis. for the degree of candidate of technical sciences. (05.20.02) / Chelyabinsk Institute of Agricultural Mechanization and Electrification. - Chelyabinsk, 1973 .-- 26 p.

3. Patent No. 2703062 RF, IPC А01С 1/08. Installations for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers by the influence of electrophysical factors / A.I. Kotin, G.V. Novikova, E.A. Shamin, O. V. Mikhailova, M.V. Belova; applicant and patentee NGIEU (RU). - No. 2018117070; declared 05/07/2018. Bul. No. 29 dated 15.10.2019. - 11 p.

4.phisioterapia.ru> pribory / ultraton ... aapprat /

Claims (5)

Installation for pre-planting processing of vegetable crops by the complex effect of electrophysical factors in a continuous mode is characterized by the fact which contains spherical resonators located on the periphery of the round table, in which fluoroplastic disks are rigidly mounted along the horizontal axis, each of which has an unloading hole at the periphery in the form of a segment with a shutter connected to the corresponding corrugated dielectric sleeve, moreover, in the depressions of the fluoroplastic disks there are electric gas-discharge lamps powered from kilohertz frequency sources attached to the outside of the spherical resonators, and a brush with a dielectric base and electrically conductive fibers, rotating from an electric motor, is radially installed above each PTFE disc, while on the outer side of the spherical resonators there are magnetrons with emitters directed inward, the lower and upper out-of-limit waveguides, while some ends of the lower out-of-limit waveguides are connected to corrugated dielectric sleeves, the other ends are directed inside the cylindrical container, and the upper out-of-limit waveguides are joined at one end to the corresponding guide segments containing ball valves located on the base of the hemispherical receiving tank, the other end with a spherical resonator.

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