RU2725731C2 - Device for cleaning hazelnuts from plums - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; forestry; food industry.SUBSTANCE: invention can be used for purification of pericarps of fruits of nut-bearing crops, in particular for cleaning hazelnuts from plums. Device comprises a receiving tray, on the lower end of which on the frame a working chamber, a cylindrical casing, a sorting chamber, an output opening, a discharge pipe, an inclined guide plank and a fan. Fan is arranged inside casing and driven by electric motor. Working chamber is installed vertically and is made in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the drum side parts. In the working chamber there is a bracket supporting the bearing housing, which provides rotation of a two-section rotor connected to the worm reduction gear by means of a flange coupling. On the rotor axis perpendicularly attached from below are a rubber blade and above it mixing pins, to each of which by means of a rod L-shaped elastic planks are alternately fixed.EFFECT: invention usage will allow to enhance the quality of hazelnut cleaning from plums.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, forestry, as well as to the food industry and can be used for cleaning the pericarp of fruits of nut crops, specifically for cleaning hazelnuts from the bun.

A device for cleaning fruits from the pericarp [1] is known, which contains a working chamber with holes, a rotor with blades located inside it, at the ends of which comb comb scrapers and elastic L-shaped straps are strengthened. Between the blades with comb scrapers and L-shaped strips, the blades are alternately installed, each of which consists of two parts interconnected, while the end face of one part is made circular, and the second part has a cavity for accommodating a ring in it and is made of elastic material, and its peripheral section has a rectangular section. The device also contains a hopper and an exit window. A disadvantage of the known device is the lack of efficiency of the device due to incomplete cleaning and the possibility of damage due to excessive pressure when dragging the fruit along the surface of the cylindrical working chamber, incomplete use of the useful volume of the working chamber and, as a consequence, low productivity.

Also known is a device for cleaning fruits from pericarp and extracting seeds from stone fruit crops [2], which contains a two-section perforated cylindrical drum with slots, a rotor located inside it with radial blades mounted on it with elastic L-shaped straps fixed to their ends. Between each two L-shaped planks, radial blades with Y-shaped elements are mounted alternately on which oval-shaped elastic planks are fixed, and comb-type scrapers with trapezoidal teeth fixed to the spokes. The device also contains a receiving hopper, an unloading window, an external conveyor and a container. A disadvantage of the known device is the design complexity, the possibility of damage as a result of jamming when dragging fruits along the surface of a cylindrical working chamber due to the presence of a considerable number of scrapers and blades with plates, as well as the incomplete use of the useful volume of the working chamber.

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of cleaning of the pericarp of fruits of nut crops, specifically the cleaning of hazelnuts from the bun, simplifying the design of the device (reducing the metal consumption of the plant structure), and also to ensure that damage to the fruits is eliminated.

The problem is solved by the following set of features of the proposed device.

The proposed device for cleaning hazelnuts from pluses contains a receiving tray, at the lower end of the receiving tray, a working chamber mounted on the frame in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the side parts, a holder (bracket) placed in it a rotary bearing connected through a flange coupling to a worm gear, a two-section rotor on the axis of which a rubber blade is perpendicularly attached from below and mixing pins with L-shaped elastic bars and rectangular elastic bars fixed to it with a rod, a cylindrical casing, a sorting chamber, an exit window , a branch pipe, an inclined guide bar, a casing inside of which is a fan driven by belt drives by an electric motor.

In contrast to the known devices, the proposed device for cleaning hazelnuts from pluses has a working chamber in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the side parts installed in a vertical position, an arm supporting the bearing housing located inside it provides rotation connected through a flange coupling to the worm gear mounted in a vertical position of a two-section rotor on the axis of which the rubber blade is perpendicularly attached from below and mixing pins with L-shaped elastic strips and rectangular elastic strips fixed to it with a thrust, thereby achieving a better and faster cleaning of hazelnuts from a bun, due to its fall under the influence of the gravity of its own weight down without the need to drag it into the working chamber and from it after cleaning directly into the sorting chamber without the need to drag it I am on the entire surface of the working chamber where the sorting takes place, while also eliminating damage due to excessive pressure and jamming, which speeds up the removal of hazelnuts from the working chamber.

Such a combination of features of the proposed device for cleaning hazelnuts from a bun causes the following technical result: improving the quality of cleaning the pericarp of fruits of walnut crops, specifically cleaning the hazelnuts from buns, simplifying the design of the device (reducing the metal consumption of the plant structure), and also ensuring the elimination of fruit damage.

The signs of the proposed device and the resulting technical result have the following causal relationship.

Similar to the known device features of the proposed device for cleaning hazelnuts from a cup cause pressing with great pressure on the walls of the working chamber with elastic straps of certain shapes and cleansing of the pericarp due to friction.

The main distinguishing feature of the design of the device is its vertical arrangement. The ingress of hazelnuts coated with buns without interference and quite so quickly into the working chamber is one of the distinguishing features of the present invention. At the same time, a batch of hazelnuts coated with pluses filled into the working chamber is quite quickly cleared of the pluses and removed from the chamber, releasing it for a subsequent batch, which leads to an increase in productivity.

The working chamber in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the lateral parts is installed in a vertical position, the support bearing housing located inside it provides rotation connected through a flange coupling to the worm gear installed in the vertical position of the two-section rotor on the axis which is attached perpendicularly to the bottom of the rubber blade and on top of it are mixing pins with L-shaped elastic straps and rectangular elastic straps fixed to it by means of a pull rod. Fruits covered by the pericarp, namely hazelnuts covered with buns to be cleaned, through the receiving tray due to falling down due to the gravity of their own weight, without the need to drag them, get into the working chamber and, after cleaning, directly into the sorting chamber without the need to drag them all over the surface work_camera.

The final result improves the cleaning quality of the pericarp of the fruit of nut-bearing crops, specifically hazelnut buns, simplifying the design of the device (reducing the metal consumption of the plant structure), and also eliminating the possibility of damage to the fruit under the influence of excessive pressure and jamming by eliminating dragging the fruit along the surface of the cylindrical working chamber .

The proposed device scheme allows to improve the quality of cleaning of the pericarp of fruits of nut crops, specifically hazelnut buns, simplifying the design of the device (reducing the metal consumption of the plant structure) and eliminating damage to the fruit, due to the fact that the fruits are covered with pericarp, and specifically hazelnuts covered with buns to be cleaned , through the receiving tray due to falling down due to the gravity of its own weight, without the need for pulling, they get into the vertically mounted working chamber in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the side parts, inside of which there is a bracket supporting bearing housing for rotation connected through a flange coupling to a worm gear mounted in a vertical position of a two-section rotor on the axis of which a rubber blade is perpendicularly attached from below and over mixing pins with L-shaped elastic strips fixed to it by means of a traction and rectangular elastic strips and from it, after cleaning, directly into the sorting chamber without the need to drag along the entire surface of the working chamber.

Thus, the features of the proposed device for cleaning hazelnuts from a cup are significant, and the obtained technical result solves the problem of the invention.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a device for cleaning hazelnuts from a bun in longitudinal section; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 view of part I.

A device for cleaning hazelnuts from a bun is arranged as follows.

At the lower end of the receiving tray 5, the working chamber 2 is vertically mounted on the frame 17 in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes 21 in the lower part and small longitudinal holes 9 in the lateral parts, an arm 3 placed therein supporting the bearing housing 4 providing rotation connected through a flange the coupling 19 to the worm gear 16, a vertically located two-section rotor 6 on the axis of which a rubber blade 10 is perpendicularly attached from below and mixing pins 7 are attached to each of which are attached with alternating rods 21 alternately L-shaped elastic straps 23 and rectangular elastic straps 24, cylindrical casing 8, a sorting chamber 20, an exit window 1, an outlet pipe 18, an inclined guide bar 14, a casing 11 inside which a fan 12 is located, driven by belt drives 13 by an electric motor 15.

A device for cleaning hazelnuts from a bun works as follows.

When the device is turned on, the electric motor 15 rotates by means of a worm gear connected to it through a flange coupling a vertically located two-section rotor 6 on the axis of which a rubber blade 10 is perpendicularly attached from below and on top of it the mixing pins 7 to each of which are fixed alternately L- with a thrust 22 shaped elastic strips 23 and rectangular elastic strips 24. Rotational movement is provided by a bearing 4 whose housing is supported by an arm 3. Fruits coated with pericarp, specifically hazelnuts covered with buns to be cleaned, are loaded into the receiving tray 5, from where they fall due to gravity due to falling of their own weight, without the need for pulling, fall into a working chamber 2 vertically mounted on the frame 17 in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes 21 in the lower part and small longitudinal holes 9 in the side parts, where They are pressed with great pressure to the walls of the working chamber by L-shaped 23 and rectangular 24 elastic straps. Under the influence of friction, the connection with the plus is destroyed and it breaks freeing hazelnuts. The separated pluses are partially removed from the working chamber through small longitudinal openings 9 located in its lateral parts. Not pressed elastic bands 23, 24 to the walls of the working chamber 2 and concentrated in its central part hazelnuts with pluses repeatedly mixed with pins 7 are sent to the walls of the chamber. Hazelnuts cleared of plus] to elastic strips 23, 24 and pins 7, but not removed through small longitudinal openings 9 located in the lateral parts of the working chamber, fall under the influence of their own weight to the bottom of the working chamber 2. Separated from hazelnuts, the buns rise due to the light weight the upper part of the working chamber 2. The cleaned hazelnuts from the bottom of the working chamber 2 are removed with a rubber blade 10 through large longitudinal holes 21 in the lower part of the working chamber. The minced buns and peeled hazelnuts extracted from the working chamber are sent through a cylindrical casing to the sorting chamber 20. The sorting process is carried out by blowing, created by the fan 12 driven by belt drives 13 by an electric motor 15. Fully cleaned hazelnuts, due to the gravity of their own weight, fall down to the guide bar 14 and through it to be brought out. Relatively light and completely uncleaned hazelnuts fall into the chamber 18 and are taken out. The cocks and crushed light particles are blown away from the unit by blowing. In the working chamber, relatively heavy peeled hazelnuts, falling down, are concentrated at the bottom, and relatively light weight pluses rise to the top. After the peeled hazelnuts are completely removed from the chamber, a window for output 1 opens through which the remaining goodies in the chamber are removed using elastic plates 23, 24 and a rubber blade 10. They close the window for output 1 and unload a new batch of fruits with pericarp into the unit in the on state and the operation is repeated.

The vertically located working chamber 2 is filled with hazelnuts with pluses in a volume not exceeding 60-70% of the total chamber itself.

The height h of the side openings of the working chamber can be taken at a height level equal to the height when filling at 80%.

, где

- длина малого продольного отверстия. Ширина большого продольного отверстия должна соответствовать В₁=2b₁, где b₁ - ширина малого продольного отверстия.The part of the L-shaped elastic plate pressed against the wall of the working chamber must correspond to L = 0.33R _b , where R _b is the inner diameter of the working chamber. The length of the large longitudinal hole should correspond

where

- the length of the small longitudinal holes. The width of the large longitudinal hole should correspond to B ₁ = 2b ₁ , where b ₁ is the width of the small longitudinal hole.

Bibliographic data

1. Description of the invention to the USSR author's certificate No. 1482650, IPC A23N 7/08, Device for cleaning fruits from pericarp. / I.V. Kokhashvili; Applicant and patent holder of the Scientific and Production Association "Gruzselkhozmash". declared 04.05.87; publ. 05/30/89. Bull. 20.

2. Description of the invention to the USSR author's certificate No. 1253582, IPC А23N 7/08, A device for cleaning fruits from pericarp and extracting seeds from stone fruits / I.V. Kokhashvili, S.S., Ramishvili, T.E. Cheishvili, V. D. Chernenkov, V. L. Tsitsakishvili; applicant and patent holder Gruzselkhozmash Scientific Production Association and the All-Union Scientific Research and Design Institute of Machines for Mining and Subtropical Crops, application 05.04.84; publ. 30.08.86. Bull. 32.

Claims (1)

A device for cleaning hazelnuts from a bun, characterized in that it contains a receiving tray, on the lower base of which there is a working chamber, a cylindrical casing, a sorting chamber, an exit window, an exhaust pipe, an inclined guide bar and a fan located inside the casing and driven in the movement of the electric motor, while the working chamber is mounted vertically and made in the form of a perforated cylindrical drum with large longitudinal holes in the lower part and small longitudinal holes in the side parts of the drum, and in the working chamber there is a bracket supporting the bearing housing, which rotates the coupling through the flange coupling to a worm gearbox of a two-section rotor, on the axis of which a rubber blade is perpendicularly attached from below and mixing pins on top of it, to each of which L-shaped elastic straps are successively fixed with a rod.

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