RU2722288C1 - Methods of freight car bogie upgrading - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of railway vehicles, in particular to methods for modernization of freight car bogies. Diameter of center plate is bored in case of bolster center plate upgrading. A wear-resistant ring is installed in space of increased diameter. Flat bearing insert is installed on bottom surface of center plate. When upgrading the side supports, the height of the support plates is reduced and a bearing plate is welded onto them. Mounting surface of the plate is milled to the required height and holes for attachment of side supports are drilled. On the prepared surface side supports are installed and fixed. When upgrading the pockets of the bolster, wear resistant plates are welded on the vertical side surfaces of the pockets. Inclined wall of the pockets is made at angle of 40–50° and a wedge insert is welded thereto to interact with mating surfaces of wedges. During modernization of friction wagon hinge friction wedge is made in the form of pair of symmetric friction wedges mounted on two-row spring. Inclined walls of wedges are made with mating surfaces of wedge insert fixed in pocket of bolster. When retrofitting axle box axle openings, thrust pads are made in form of interconnected resilient metal plates. Pad is fixed on frame by arrangement of mounting brackets ends in mounting holes of side frames. Mounting brackets are fixed in middle part of support plates.

EFFECT: improved dynamic characteristics of freight car.

11 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway equipment, in particular to methods of modernizing a freight car truck, type TsNII-X3, model 18-100.

There is a method of modernizing a truck of a freight car, which consists in replacing the standard wheelsets with roller bearings on wheelsets with cassette bearings, application RU 2005127924, B61F 3/00, B61F 5/00, publ. 03/20/2007.

There is also a method of modernizing the wagon trolley, which consists in the fact that the side frames are additionally connected to each other by diagonal connections, see application RU 2005133086, B61F 3/00, B61F 5/00, publ. 03/20/2007.

The technical problem inherent in these methods of modernization of the wagon trolley is the lack of effectiveness of the proposed technical solutions to achieve optimal technical and operational parameters of the freight wagon.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the dynamic characteristics of a freight car.

The claimed technical result is achieved by the method of modernization of a freight wagon trolley containing a sprung beam with a thrust bearing, the sprung beam is mounted with its supporting surfaces on the double-row springs of the spring set, located in the central openings of the side frames, namely:

- bore the diameter of the thrust bearing,

- in the space of increased diameter install a wear-resistant ring,

- on the lower surface of the thrust bearing establish a flat supporting liner.

Wear-resistant ring can be made of stainless steel, hardness 120-210 HB.

The support liner can be made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, which can be used as extra high molecular weight PE 1000 UHMWPE polyethylene.

The specified technical result can also be achieved by the method of modernization of a freight car truck containing a sprung beam with side supports, a sprung beam installed at its ends on spring springs located in the central openings of the side frames, namely:

- reduce the height of the supporting plates used in the original cart for installing side supports,

- welded to the specified lowered supporting plates of the supporting bearing plate, designed to install on it side supports of constant contact,

- milling the mounting surface of the supporting base plate to the desired height and quality of the machined surface,

- holes are drilled in the supporting carrier plate to accommodate the fasteners necessary for securing the side supports of constant contact,

- on the prepared connecting surface of the base plate, lateral supports of constant contact are installed and fixed, which are made in the form of a hollow body with a glass spring-loaded with elastic elements.

Also, the claimed technical result is achieved by a method of modernizing a freight car truck containing side frames, a sprung beam, at the ends of which guide pockets are made with vertical side surfaces and inclined surfaces for interacting with the front surfaces of the friction wedges, namely:

- wear-resistant plates are welded to the vertical side surfaces of the guide pockets,

- the inclined wall of the pocket nadressornogo beams perform at an angle of 40 ° -50 ° from the vertical,

- a wedge insert is designed to interact with the corresponding front surfaces of the friction wedges to the indicated inclined wall of the guide pocket of the nadressornoj beam.

Wear-resistant plates can be made in the form of a trapezoid, the length of the lower base is 112 mm, the width is 35 mm, the length of the short base is 56 mm and a thickness of 5 mm.

Wear-resistant plates and wedge inserts can be made of steel containing:

WITH up to 0.03% Si up to 0.4% Mn 1.0-2.0% Ni 5.6-6.3% S up to 0.02% R up to 0.035% Cr 22-24% Fe - the rest,

however, the hardness of the wear-resistant plates can be 100-220 HB.

A method is also proposed for modernizing a freight wagon trolley containing a pressurized beam, which is mounted on its spring surfaces by spring set located in the central openings of the side frames, guide pockets are made at the ends of the pressurized beam for interaction with the front surfaces of the friction wedges, namely, that the friction the wedge is made in the form of a symmetrically made pair of friction wedges installed on the corresponding double row spring-loaded spring, containing supporting platforms for supporting the ends of the double row spring, the front inclined walls are made by the response surfaces of the wedge insert mounted on the pressure bar, the front inclined walls are made of width D in the range from 50 up to 70 m and with an angle α of inclination of the generatrix of the front wall relative to the rear wall in the range from 40 ° to 50 ° from the vertical.

Friction wedges can be made of cast iron, containing:

WITH 2.7-3.7% Si 0.8-2.9% Mn 0.3-0.75% S up to 0.02% R up to 0.1% Cr up to 0.15% Fe - the rest,

the hardness of the friction wedges is 110-270 HB.

Improving the dynamic characteristics of a freight car can also be carried out by modernizing a freight car trolley containing a sprung beam installed at its ends on the springs of the spring set located in the central opening of the side frame, the side frames are supported by their axle openings on the axleboxes of the wheel pairs via over-slip linings, which consists in that each over-slip pad is made in the form of elastic metal support plates interconnected in their middle parts, curved and together forming an elastic two-layer gasket located between the supporting surface of the axle box side opening and the axle box adapter, while securing the over-axle pad on the side The upper curved end of the mounting brackets fixed in the middle part of the elastic metal support plates is placed in the mounting holes in the side walls of the side frames.

The proposed method of modernization is illustrated by the following drawings, where:

- in FIG. 1 shows the initial carriage of a freight car of the TsNII-X3 type (models 18-100), isometric view, before modernization;

- in FIG. 2 - a thrust bearing seat with a wear-resistant ring and a supporting insert of a modernized trolley, isometric view;

- in FIG. 3 - a nadressornoj beam of the modernized carriage with support plates, for placement of lateral supports on them, isometric view;

- in FIG. 4 - the same, a nadressornoj beam with a support plate welded to the supporting plates, isometric view;

- in FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the overpressor tanks and side support;

- in FIG. 6 is an example of the installation of friction wedges on double row wedge-shaped springs, isometric view;

- in FIG. 7 - friction wedge, presented in the form of a pair of symmetrically made friction wedges, the main view;

- in FIG. 8 is the same side view;

- in FIG. 9 is a local cross-sectional view of the guide pocket of the nadressore beam and one of the friction wedges;

- in FIG. 10 - nadressornoj beam, General view with a partial longitudinal section;

- in FIG. 11 is a cross-section of a nadressornoj beam made through a guide pocket for friction wedges;

- in FIG. 12 - axle box assembly of the side frame with a super-slip pad, isometric view;

- in FIG. 13 - over-slip pad assembly, isometric view;

- in FIG. 14 is an example of a modernized wagon of a freight car, isometric view.

The proposed modernization method is carried out with a trolley 1 of a freight car of the TsNII-X3 type (model 18-100) (Fig. 1). This trolley contains side frames 2, a sprung beam 3, side supports 4 that are unchanged in height, wheelsets 5, axle boxes 5.1. The nadressornoj beam 3 with its ends 3.1 is mounted on a set of springs 6.

The inventive method of modernizing the wagon of a freight car is as follows.

Finalization of the nadressornoj beam 3.

To do this, bore the thrust bearing 3.2. In the bored thrust bearing 3.2 install a wear-resistant ring 3.3 and a support liner 3.4 (Fig. 2). In this case, the wear-resistant ring is made of stainless steel, with a hardness of 120-210 HB, the support liner is made of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, for example, PE 1000 UHMWPE.

Reduce the height of the support plates 3.5 (Fig. 3), for example, by milling, to install on them support plates 3.6 (Fig. 4).

On the prepared support plates 3.5, a support plate 3.6 is welded, which is milled in height, providing a given height, flatness and roughness of the mating surface “A” of the support plate 3.6.

Drill holes 3.7 for fasteners 3.8.

On the support plate 3.6, lateral supports 7 of constant contact are installed and fixed using fasteners 3.8 (Fig. 5). Side supports 7 of constant contact are in the form of a housing 7.1 with a placed glass 7.2. Between the housing 7.1 and the glass 7.2 installed elastic elements 7.3, which can be made in the form of compression springs, elastic elements made of various polymers.

In addition to the operations described above, the following steps are possible to improve the dynamic characteristics of a freight car.

Wear-resistant plates 8 are welded to the side surfaces 3.9 of the guide pockets 3.10. Moreover, to protect the largest area of the side surfaces 3.9, the wear-resistant plates 8 are made along a contour that repeats the contours of the side surfaces 3.9, for example, in the form of a trapezoid.

The trapezoid can be made in the following sizes, the length of the lower base is 112 mm, the width is 35 mm, the length of the short base is 56 mm and the thickness is 5 mm as the most suitable for the greatest protection of the side surfaces 3.9 of the guide pockets 3.8.

The inclined wall 3.11 of the guide pockets 3.10 is performed at an angle of 40 ° -50 ° from the vertical, then the wedge insert 9 is welded to the indicated wall 3.11. The wedge insert 9 is designed to interact with the corresponding mating surfaces of the friction wedges 10 (Fig. 6).

Wear-resistant plates 8 and wear-resistant wedge insert 9 can be made of steel containing:

WITH up to 0.03% Si up to 0.4% Mn 1.0-2.0% Ni 5.6-6.3% S up to 0.02% R up to 0.035% Cr 22-24% Fe - the rest, and with a hardness of 100-220 HB.

Friction wedge 10 (Fig. 7, 8) is performed in the form of a symmetrically executed pair of friction wedges 10.1 mounted on double-row pinch springs 6.1.

Each friction wedge 10.1 contains a support pad 10.2, a back wall 10.3 for interacting with the friction strip 11 (Fig. 9) of the side frame 2. Also, each friction wedge 10.1 contains front inclined surfaces 10.4 for interacting with the counter surfaces of the wedge insert 9 (Fig. 10) .

The front inclined surfaces 10.4 are made with a width D from 50 to 70 mm and with an inclination angle α from 40 ° to 50 ° from the vertical.

Friction wedges 10.1 are made of cast iron containing:

WITH 2.7-3.7% Si 0.8-2.9% Mn 0.3-0.75% S up to 0.02% R up to 0.1% Cr up to 0.15% Fe - the rest, and with a hardness of 110-270 HB.

Moreover, the hardness of the friction wedges 10.1 is greater than the hardness of the wear-resistant plates 8 and wedge inserts 9 (Fig. 11).

The specified range of hardness indicators of wear plates 8, wedge inserts 9 and friction wedges 10.1 working with them, provides optimal conditions for the effective operation of these elements.

When performing wear-resistant plates 8, wedge inserts 9 less than 100 HB, there will be rapid frictional wear of wear-resistant plates 8, wedge inserts 9.

When performing wear-resistant plates 8, wedge inserts 9 more than 220 HB, intense wear of the friction wedges 10.1 will occur.

The implementation of friction wedges 10.1 with a hardness less than software HB will lead to their rapid frictional wear. When executed on friction wedges 10.1 with a hardness of more than 270 HB, it increases the brittleness of friction wedges, and also quickly wears wear-resistant plates 8, wedge inserts 9.

It is also possible to finalize the side frames 2 in terms of the manufacture and use of over-slip linings 11 (Fig. 12).

The over-slip pad 11 (Fig. 13) is made in the form of elastic metal support plates 11.1 and 11.2 interconnected in their middle parts.

The elastic metal support plates 11.1 and 11.2 are mutually and symmetrically bent at their ends, with the formation of an elastic two-layer gasket between the support surface of the axle box 12 of the side frame 2 and the adapter 13 of the axle box 14. The United elastic metal support plates 11.1 and 11.2 are provided with mounting brackets 11.3.

To fix the over-slip pad 11 on the side frame 2 in its side walls 2.1, mounting holes 2.2 are used.

In the mounting holes 2.2 I place the upper curved end 11.4 of the mounting brackets 11.3.

After refinement and modernization of the described elements of the freight wagon trolley, the upgraded freight wagon trolley 15 is assembled (Fig. 14).

Thus, the use of a wear-resistant ring 3.3 in thrust bearings makes it possible to reduce wear on the side surface of the thrust bearing, reduce the magnitude and intensity of the formation of an undesirable radial clearance between the specified surface and the Friday, which significantly reduces shock loads in the Friday assembly during the movement of a freight car.

The use of a support liner 3.4 made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, on which the back of the frame of a freight wagon rests, reduces friction losses during mutual rotation of the back and thrust, which facilitates the insertion and passage of 5 curved sections of the rail track by wheel pairs, and reduces wear on the wheel flanges and heads rails.

The use of lateral supports 4 of constant height on supports 7 of constant contact, which is a housing 7.1 with a glass 7.2, a spring-loaded elastic element 7.3, reduces lateral vibrations of the body and vibration, improving the dynamic performance of a freight car at high speeds.

Replacing one friction wedge with a pair of freely installed and mutually unrelated friction wedges 10.1 allows for more accurate positioning of the front inclined surfaces 10.4 on the counter surfaces of the wedge inserts 9, which increases the efficiency of the friction damper, reducing the vertical components of the dynamic loads on the freight car, reducing amplitude and increasing the attenuation rate of vertical vibrations of the sprung parts of a freight car and a trolley.

The implementation of the friction wedges 10.1 with a hardness greater than the hardness of the wear plates 8 and the wedge insert 9, provides quick running-in of the contacting surfaces of these elements, while maintaining the long-term performance of the friction wedges 10.1.

Application for the manufacture of friction wedges 10.1, wear-resistant plates 8 and wedge inserts 9 of the proposed alloys, provides optimal friction interaction and long and trouble-free mutual operation of these parts.

The use between the supporting surface of the axle box opening 12 of the side frame 2 and the adapter 13 of the over-slip pad 11, made in the form of elastic metal support plates 11.1, 11.2 interconnected in their middle parts, curved and together forming an elastic two-layer gasket, provides compensation for frictional wear of the supporting surface of the axle box the opening 12 of the side frame 2, adapter 13, axle box 14 that occur during operation of the truck wagon.

All these improvements to the freight wagon trolley can significantly improve the dynamic performance of the freight wagon.

Claims (28)

1. A method of upgrading a freight wagon trolley containing a nadressornoy beam with a thrust bearing, the nadressorny beam is installed with its supporting surfaces on the double-row springs of the spring set, located in the Central openings of the side frames, which consists in the fact that - bore the diameter of the thrust bearing, - in the space of increased diameter install a wear-resistant ring, - on the lower surface of the thrust bearing establish a flat supporting liner. 2. The method of upgrading the trolley according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that the wear-resistant ring is made of stainless steel, with a hardness of 120 - 210 HB. 3. The method of upgrading the trolley according to claim 1, which consists in the fact that the supporting insert is made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, which can be used as ultra-high molecular weight PE 1000 UHMWPE polyethylene. 4. A method of upgrading a freight wagon trolley containing a pressurized beam with side supports, the pressurized beam is installed at its ends on the springs of the spring set located in the central openings of the side frames, namely: - reduce the height of the supporting plates used to install the side supports, - welded to the specified lowered supporting plates of the supporting bearing plate, designed to install on it side supports of constant contact, - milling the mounting surface of the supporting base plate to the desired height, - holes are drilled in the supporting carrier plate to place fasteners in them used to secure the side supports of constant contact, - on the prepared connecting surface of the supporting carrier plate, lateral supports of constant contact are installed and fixed, which are made in the form of a hollow body with a glass spring-loaded with elastic elements. 5. A method of upgrading a freight wagon trolley containing side frames, a spring bar, at the ends of which guide pockets are made with vertical side surfaces and inclined surfaces for interacting with the front surfaces of the friction wedges, which consists in the fact that - wear-resistant plates are welded to the vertical side surfaces of the guide pockets, - the inclined wall of the guide pockets of the nadressornoj beam is performed at an angle of 40 ° - 50 °, - a wedge insert is designed to interact with the corresponding front surfaces of the friction wedges to the indicated inclined wall of the guide pocket of the nadressornoj beam. 6. A method for upgrading a freight car truck according to claim 5, wherein the wear-resistant plates are made in the form of a trapezoid, the length of the lower base is 112 mm, the width is 35 mm, the length of the short base is 56 mm and a thickness of 5 mm. 7. A method of modernizing a freight car truck according to claim 5, which consists in the fact that the wear-resistant plates are made of steel containing: WITH up to 0.03% Si up to 0.4% Mn 1.0 - 2.0% Ni 5.6 - 6.3% S up to 0.02% P up to 0.035% Cr 22 - 24% Fe - the rest the hardness of wear-resistant plates is 100 - 220 HB. 8. A method of upgrading a freight car truck according to claim 5, which consists in the fact that the wedge inserts are made of steel containing WITH up to 0.03% Si up to 0.4% Mn 1.0 - 2.0% Ni 5.6 - 6.3% S up to 0.02% P up to 0.035% Cr 22 - 24% Fe - the rest the hardness of the wedge inserts is 100 - 220 HB. 9. A method of modernizing a freight wagon trolley containing a nadressornoj beam, which is mounted on its spring support springs located in the Central openings of the side frames, guide pockets for interacting with the front surfaces of the friction wedges are made at the ends of the nadressornoj beam, which consists in the fact that the friction the wedge is made in the form of a symmetrically made pair of friction wedges installed on the corresponding double-row spring-loaded spring, containing supporting platforms for supporting the ends of the double-row spring, the front inclined walls are made to correspond to the surfaces of the wedge insert mounted on the nadressornoy beam, the front inclined walls are made of width D in the range from 50 to 70 mm and with an angle α of inclination of the generatrix of the front wall relative to the rear wall in the range from 40 to 50 ° from the vertical. 10. The method of upgrading the wagon of a freight car according to claim 9, which consists in the fact that the friction wedges are made of cast iron containing WITH 2.7 - 3.7% Si 0.8 - 2.9% Mn 0.3 - 0.75% S up to 0.02% P up to 0.1% Cr up to 0.15% Fe - the rest, the hardness of the friction wedges is 110 - 270 HB. 11. A method of upgrading a freight wagon trolley containing a sprung beam installed at its ends on spring springs set in the central opening of the side frame, the side frames are supported by their axle openings on the axleboxes of the wheelsets through over-slip linings, namely, that each over-slip pad is made in the form of elastic metal support plates interconnected in their middle parts, curved and together forming an elastic two-layer gasket placed between the supporting surface of the axle box side opening and the axle box adapter, while for fixing the over-axle plate on the side frame, the upper curved end of the mounting brackets, fixed in the middle part of the elastic metal support plates are placed in the mounting holes of the side walls of the side frames.

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