RU2705420C1 - Multiphase emf generator with mechanical switching - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: operating principle of the device is based on using approximation of sinusoidal functions of phase voltages by sequences of pulse functions. Device can be used to supply other multiphase consumers of electric energy with a different from the standard power frequency. Connection of EMF sources in the specified sequence to output poles is performed as a result of switching of stationary lobes connected to EMF sources with current-collecting contacts (sliders) located on the rotating shaft, and electrically connected to them current-collecting rotary discs with fixed brushes. EMF sources are connected to lobes by means of diodes, which excludes mutual influence of EMF sources on each other during switching.

EFFECT: design of a device for generating a multiphase system of voltages of the required frequency, required values of amplitudes of phase voltages and number of phases by using mechanical switching of EMF sources in order to expand the field of application of a generator of a multiphase EMF system.

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Description

I.1. Application area

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering. The device is designed to generate a multiphase system of voltages of the required frequency, the required amplitudes of the phase voltages and the number of phases.

The device can be used both in stationary and mobile systems (robotics) to power multiphase AC motors, as well as to power other multiphase consumers of electric energy, including those with a different frequency than the standard power supply.

II. The prior art. Comparison with Prior Art

The aim of the invention is to develop a device for generating a multiphase system of voltages of the required frequency, the required magnitudes of the amplitudes of the phase voltages and the number of phases, which differs from the previously proposed devices [1, 2] using mechanical switching of EMF sources. This extends the scope of the previously proposed generator of a multiphase EMF system. The principle of operation of the generator is based on an innovative approach, which is characterized by the use of approximation of sinusoidal voltage functions by sequences of impulse functions.

III. Disclosure of the invention

Impulse voltage functions are generated using a mechanical switch. Using a mechanical switch, constant emf sources are sequentially connected in a predetermined sequence for the time of switching to the output poles of the device. It is proposed to use fixed disks with conductive petals located on them as a mechanical switch. Each petal is connected to one of the poles of a constant source of EMF of the required size and sign. The second pole of the source is connected to the ground pole. The number of fixed disks is equal to the number of phases of the generator. Current collectors (runners) are located on a rotating shaft. When the shaft rotates, the runners are sequentially connected to the petals located on the fixed disks and, for the time of switching, the electrical contact of the runner with the disk petals is created. The runners are electrically connected to slip rings located next to the runners on a rotating shaft. Each ring is in contact with its stationary current collection brush. Each brush is connected to its output pole of the device, phases A, B, C.

III.1. Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence

impulse functions

In FIG. Dotted line 1 represents the segment of the sinusoidal function on the interval of one period T = 0 ... 2π and the approximation of this function by a sequence of impulse functions, when the period of the function is divided into n = 12 time intervals. In the figure of FIG. 1 shows the amplitude values of each of the pulses E1, E2, E3, -E1, -E2, -E3. The period of the sinusoidal function and the duration of one pulse TI = T / n are shown.

FIG. 1 Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions, n = 12

The amplitude values of the pulses approximating the sinusoidal function are recorded in table 1

In the figure of FIG. Figure 2 shows the approximation of a three-phase EMF system for a direct sequence of phases with the number of approximation intervals n = 12.

FIG. 2 Approximation of voltages of a three-phase EMF system by sequences of impulse functions

The amplitude values of the pulses for the number of phases m = 3 and n = 12 are shown in table 2.

III.2. The electrical circuit of the device

In the figure of FIG. 3 shows an electrical diagram of a device for generating a voltage function in a shape approaching a sinusoidal one. To do this, an approximation of the sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions is used, as shown in the figure of FIG. one,

FIG. 3 Electric circuit of the generator

In the figure of FIG. Figure 3 shows energy sources 14 ₁ ... 14 ₆ with voltages E1 ... E6, diodes D1 ... D6, switch 16 with poles 1 ... 12, output poles ground and 15. It is assumed that E4 = -E1, E5 = -E2, E6 = -E3, E2 = 2E1, E3 = 3E1. The diodes D1 ... D3 are connected by anodes to the positive poles of the energy sources 14 ₁ ... 14 ₃ , the cathodes of the diodes are connected to the poles 13 ₁ ... 13 _{3. The} cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the pole 13 ₃ , which connected to the pole 3 of the switch 16. The cathode of the diode D2 is connected to the pole 13 ₂ , which is connected to the poles 1 and 5 of the switch 16. The cathode of the diode D3 is connected to the pole 13 ₁ , which is connected to the poles 2 and 4 of the switch 16. The diodes D4 ... D6 are connected by cathodes to the negative poles of the energy sources 14 ₄ ... 14 ₆ , the anodes of the diodes are connected to the poles 13 ₄ ... 13 _{6. The} anode of the diode D4 is connected to the pole 13 ₄ , which is connected to the poles 7 and 11 of the switch 16. Anode of the diode D5 connected to the pole 13 ₅ , which is connected to the poles 8 and 10 of the switch 16. The anode of the diode D6 is connected to the pole 13 ₆ , which is connected to the pole 9 of the switch 16. If at the initial moment of time the movable contact of the switch 16 is in position 12 and then rotates along clockwise, then at the output of the device from the poles "ground""and" 15 "will be removed by alternating voltage, the graph of which is shown in the figure of FIG. 4. This form is approaching sinusoidal.

FIG. 4 A sequence of impulse functions approximating a sinusoidal function

The approximation of a three-phase voltage system by a sequence of impulse functions is shown in the figure of FIG. 2. When implementing this voltage system, the same electrical circuit is used to generate the voltage of each phase, as shown in the figure of FIG. 3.

III.3. Sketch of the mechanical design of a multiphase generator

A sketch of the mechanical structure of a multiphase generator is shown in the figure of FIG. 5 _A, the fixed plate sketch with the current collecting petals shown in Figure 5 _b. Figure 5 _b shows 12 conductive tabs separated by insulating spacers. Each petal is connected to one of the poles 1 ... 12, which are shown in the electrical diagram of the figure of FIG. 5. Petal 1 connects to pole 1, petal 2 to pole 2, etc. Poles 1 and 5 are connected to pole 13 ₁ , poles 2 and 4 are connected to pole 13 ₂ , pole 3 is connected to pole 13 ₃ , poles 6 and 12 are connected to ground pole, poles 7 and 11 are connected to pole 13 ₄ , poles 8 and 10 connect to the pole 13 ₅ , pole 9 connects to the pole 13 ₆ . On the shaft 17 rotating in the bearings (bearings are not shown in the figure), three collector rings 18 ₁ ... 18 ₃ are fixedly connected to the shaft and three stationary disks with collector plates 20 ₁ ... 20 ₃ . The rings 18 ₁ ... 18 _{3 are} in contact with the current collector fixed brushes 22 ₁ ... 22 ₃ . Runners 19 ₁ ... 19 ₃ which are in electrical contact with them are fixedly connected to the slip rings 18 ₁ ... 18 ₃ . When the shaft rotates, the runners come in contact with the petals of the fixed disks 20 ₁ ... 20 ₃ . On fixed disks 20 ₁ ... 20 _{3 there} are 12 conductive lobes 1 ... 12 on each disk, with these lobes during rotation of the shaft runners 19 ₁ ... 19 _{3 are} in contact. Each petal is electrically connected to the poles 1-12 shown in the figure of FIG. 5 _b . In this case, the same petals on the disk 20 ₂ are displaced by 120 degrees with respect to the petals of the disk 20 ₁ . For example, the lobe H1, connected to the pole 1 of the first disk, position 21 ₁ , and the lobe H2, connected to the pole with number 1 of the second disk, position 21 ₂ , are displaced in space by an angle of 120 degrees. The H3 pole is offset in space by an angle of 120 degrees with respect to the H2 lobe. In the figures of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 pole H3 of the third disk connected to pole 1 of the third disk, position 21 ₃ , is offset in space by 120 degrees with respect to the lobe H2 connected to pole 1 of the second disk, position 21 ₂ . As a result, when the shaft rotates, the three-phase EMF system will be removed from the poles 15 ₁ ... 15 ₃ .

FIG. 5 Sketch of the mechanical design of the generator

FIG. 6 Sketch of the relative position of the fixed disks

IV. Brief Description of the Drawings

FIG. 1 Approximation of a sinusoidal function by a sequence of impulse functions for n = 12

FIG. 2 Approximation of voltages of a three-phase EMF system by sequences of impulse functions

FIG. 3 Electric circuit of the generator

FIG. 4 A sequence of impulse functions approximating a sinusoidal function

FIG. 5 Sketch of the mechanical design of the generator

FIG. 6 Sketch of the relative position of the fixed disks

V. The implementation of the invention. Device Description

VI.

The creation of a device for generating a multiphase system of voltages using approximation of sinusoidal functions by sequences of impulse functions is considered. The consideration is based on the example of a three-phase voltage system. The device comprises a shaft rotating in bearings, on which three current collectors (runner) and three current collector rings are rigidly fixed, the figures of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. Runners and rings are electrically connected. The runners are in contact with the conductive petals located on the fixed disks, the rings are in contact with the collector brushes. Fixed disks with electrically conductive lobes are electrically connected to EMF sources E1 ... E6, as shown in the figure of FIG. 3. The petal with number 1 is connected to the source of EMF E1, lobe 2 to the source of EMF E2, etc. The collector rings are in contact with the collector brushes to which the output poles of the device are connected. The petals with number 1 on the fixed disks are shifted relative to each other in space by an angle of 2π / m, where m is the number of phases. The petal with the number 1 of the second disk is rotated by an angle of 120 ° relative to the petal with the number 1 of the first disk, the petal with the number 1 of the third disk is rotated by an angle of 120 ° relative to the petal of the second disk. When the shaft rotates, the EMF sources are connected in the sequence required for the approximation of sinusoidal phase voltage to the output poles of the device.

VI. Literature

1. Gavrilov L.P. Generator of a multiphase EMF system Patent No. 2016127384, IPC Н05В 1/00, 2017

2. Gavrilov L.P. Generator of a multiphase EMF system for mobile devices, Patent 2671539 dated 11/01/2018

Claims (3)

A generator of a multiphase EMF system with mechanical switching, the principle of which is based on approximating a sinusoidal EMF system by sequences of pulse functions, consists of a power supply and a mechanical switching unit of EMF sources to the output poles of the device, while the power supply consists of six permanent EMF sources E1 ... E6, switched on in an anti-serial circuit, source E1, position 14 ₃ , connected to the negative pole of the source E2, position 14 ₂ and the anode of diode D3, whose cathode о connected to the pole 13 ₁ , source E2, position 14 ₂ , the positive pole connected to the negative pole of the source E3, position 14 ₁ , and the anode of the diode D2, the cathode of the diode D2 connected to the pole 13 ₂ , source E3, position 14 ₁ , the positive pole connected to the anode of the diode D1, the cathode of which is connected to the pole 13 ₃ , the negative pole of the source E1 is connected to the pole "ground", which is common to the whole device, as well as to the positive pole of the source E4, position 14 ₄ , the negative pole of this source is connected to the anode diode D4, the cathode of which is connected to the floor Yusu 13 ₄ , the negative pole of source E4 is also connected to the positive pole of source E5, position 14 ₅ , the negative pole of which is connected to the positive pole of source E6, position 14 ₆ , the negative pole of source E5 is also connected to the anode of diode D5, the cathode of which is connected to the pole 13 ₅ , the negative pole of the source E6 is connected to the anode of the diode D6, the cathode of which is connected to the pole 13 ₆ , characterized in that the poles 13 ₁ ... 13 _{6 are} connected to the slip rings 1 ... 12 of the fixed disks 20 ₁ ... 20 ₃ , so that the poles 1 and 5 are connected to the pole 13 ₁ , the poles 2 and 4 are connected to the pole 13 ₂ , the pole 3 is connected to the pole 13 ₃ , the poles 6 and 12 are connected to the ground pole, the poles 7 and 11 are connected to the pole 13 ₄ , the poles 8 and 10 are connected to the pole 13 ₅ , the pole 9 is connected to the pole 13 ₆ , current collector contacts (sliders) are in contact with these petals 19 ₁ ... 19 ₃ , which are rigidly fixed to the shaft 17, the shaft can rotate in bearings, conductive disks 18 ₁ ... 18 are located on the same shaft ₃ , electrically connected to the runners and in contact with the fixed brushes 22 ₁ ... 22 ₃ , the output poles of the device 15 ₁ ... 15 _{3 are} connected to the brushes, the petals of the same name 1 ... 12 of the disks 20 ₁ ... 20 ₃ are offset in space by an angle of 120 ° relative to each other to friend.

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