RU2680913C1 - Spherical internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of machine building, namely to engines with reciprocating pistons. Essence of the invention consists in the fact, that the spherical internal combustion engine comprises the spherical body divided by circular disc piston and cutting plates into the four spherical sectors, as well as the ignition and exhaust system. Circular disc piston shaft is integral with the arc, on which top the ball pin is located, through which the disc piston shaft is connected to the concave flywheel ball pin using the spherical curve. Spherical four-stroke internal combustion engine execution provides the design simplification due to the use of different kinematic scheme of the circular disc piston conversion, swinging on the shaft in the spherical body two hemispheres into the flywheel rotational motion and, as a result, increase in the spherical engine power, reduction in weight and dimensions.EFFECT: technical result is reduction in the dimensions and increase in the reliability.3 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to engines with oscillating pistons.

Duty cycles of internal combustion engines are very perfect, as evidenced by high values of relative efficiency, reaching 85-90%. A significant drawback is the process of converting the translational motion of the piston into the rotational motion of the crankshaft. The presence of a complex crank mechanism, including cylinders, pistons, connecting rods, crankshaft, complicates the design, increases the mass and volume of engines. The authors of technical solutions for patents tried to solve this problem: RU 2518793 C2, RU 2247248 C2, RU 2267614 C1.

However, the authors only complicated the design of engines with oscillating working bodies, mainly by creating additional systems to ensure rotation of the crankshaft, incorporating additional mechanisms into the rotor-piston, due to which the weight and dimensions increased, which ultimately led to engine inoperability.

Known two-stroke internal combustion engine with a swinging rotor-piston patent [DE 3811760 C1, IPC F02B 53/00 (2006.01); F01C 9/00 (2006.01), publ. 06/01/1989], the main disadvantage of which is the imbalance and inefficiency of the kinematic scheme for converting the movements of a swinging rotor-piston into a rotary crankshaft.

Known ICE with a swinging rotor-piston, rigidly mounted on the input swinging shaft and kinematically connected with the rotating output shaft of the crank mechanism [DE 3725277 A1, IPC F01C 9/00, F02B 53/00 (2006.01), publ. 02/09/1989].

A disadvantage of the known internal combustion engine is the complex design of the rotor-piston, containing a shaft system with a connecting rod and crank drive mechanism that increases the size, weight and, as a result, a decrease in specific power and reliability during operation.

A known internal combustion engine with a swinging rotor-piston, comprising a housing with spark plugs and at least two radial partitions, side covers, at least a two-blade rotor piston, having a hub with recesses forming channels with the radial partitions of the housing for transferring the working mixture, and with rotor-piston blades — blower chambers and combustion chambers with windows for the inlet of the working mixture and exhaust gas, and also the output rotating shaft [RU 2528241 C2, IPC F02B 55/02 (2006.01), publ. 09/10/2014]. The engine comprises a stationary axis of the rotor-piston swinging on it in the central bearings of the side covers, in the cavity of which there is a device made movably with a slider swinging on the crank neck of the output rotating crankshaft mounted in the main bearing bearings, offset from the central bearings of the side covers within the swinging rotor-piston in the form of a crank-rocker mechanism with a rocker groove located in the region of the hub of the swinging rotor-piston, nnym, technical decision is aimed at simplifying the design of the engine, reducing weight and improving operating reliability.

A disadvantage of the known ICE with a swinging rotor-piston is the complex design of the rotor-piston, comprising a linkage system, a slider hub, a crankshaft with a connecting rod. As a result, the kinematic scheme is much more complicated, dimensions, weight are increased, and operational reliability is reduced.

The technical problem to be solved when using ICE is an increase in power, a decrease in size and an increase in reliability.

The posed problem is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in simplifying the design of a ball engine by using another kinematic scheme for converting a circular disk piston swinging on a shaft in two hemispheres of a ball housing into a rotational movement of the flywheel and, as a result, a multiple increase in power and weight reduction and dimensions of the ball engine.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the four-stroke ball engine contains four sector-chambers that form a circular disk piston in two hemispheres together with cut-off plates of the ball housing. The remaining two spherical sectors are the timing and ignition mechanisms. The shaft of the disk piston through an arc with a spherical finger at the top is connected to the spherical finger of the concave flywheel by a spherical curve. All of the above allows you to double convert the energy of burned gases: the first is the oscillatory motion of the piston disk into its rotational shaft, the second is the oscillatory-translational motion of the spherical curve into the rotational movement of the flywheel.

New in the engine is the manufacture of the engine housing in the form of a ball, a piston in the form of a round disk, and a kinematic scheme for converting the pendulum motion of a circular disk piston around its axis into rotational movement of the flywheel. The proposed four-stroke ball engine works exactly the same as the four-stroke piston ICE with a crank mechanism. The circular disc piston moves in two ball-hemispheres from (determine by the flywheel) top dead center (TDC) to bottom dead center (BDC). Oscillations of a circular disk piston in a sector from one extreme position to another is called a beat. In the proposed four-stroke, four-sector spherical internal combustion engine, all four cycles are performed in one flywheel revolution, as in two-stroke engines with a crank mechanism. In a four-stroke piston ICE with a crankshaft for four turns of the crankshaft (flywheel), four cycles occur, that is, the power of the proposed ball engine will be at least twice as large. It is possible to produce both short-stroke and long-stroke spherical internal combustion engines.

The proposed ball engine is shown in the drawings, where:

in FIG. 1 shows a side view of the engine,

in FIG. 2 - cross section of the internal combustion engine along AA

in FIG. 3 - General view of the internal combustion engine from above,

in FIG. 4 is a General view of the internal combustion engine along the BB longitudinal section,

in FIG. 5, 6, 7, 8 show the principle of operation of a spherical internal combustion engine, the arrows show the directions of movement of the combustible mixture and exhaust gases, and the arrow above the ball shows the movement of a circular disk piston.

A four-stroke spherical internal combustion engine comprises a spherical housing 1 (ball) divided into sectors A, B, C, D, a circular disk-shaped (disk) piston 2 and an arc 3 made with the piston 2 and with a ball finger on top. A spherical curve 4 connects the concave flywheel 5 through the ball pins to the arc 3. The cutting plates 10 of the ball 1 are sealed with compression rings 8 and divide the volume of the ball 1 into four sectors (chambers) acting as cylinders. Valves 6 are used for supplying to the sectors (chambers) of a combustible mixture or air during direct injection of fuel and exhaust gas. The shaft of the circular disk piston 2 rotates in bearings 9 (for example, sliding). The round disk piston 2 is sealed with compression and oil scraper rings 7. The ignition system includes spark plugs connected to a generator (not shown in FIG.).

A four-stroke spherical internal combustion engine operates as follows.

When the combustible mixture is combusted in the combustion chamber of sector A (Fig. 5), the circular disk piston 2 rotates in the bearings 9 due to the pressure of the burning gases. Moreover, the arc 3 connected rigidly to it through two spherical fingers and a spherical curve 4 causes the flywheel to rotate 5. In sector B, the exhaust valves open and exhaust gas starts. In sector B, the intake valves open, and in sector G a compression stroke of the combustible mixture occurs. In FIG. 6 shows the intermediate position of the circular disk piston 2. In sector A, the combustion of the combustible mixture and the movement of the circular disk piston 2 around the axis continue, the burnt mixture is discharged in sector B, and the inlet and compression are in sector B. In FIG. 7 shows the location of the circular disk piston 2 conditionally at bottom dead center (BDC) together with a spherical curve 4 and a flywheel 5, constantly rotating in one direction. In sector B, a combustible mixture is admitted and the circular disk piston 2 begins to move in the opposite direction (counterclockwise) under the action of burning gases in sector G. In sector A, exhaust gases are released. Arc 3 together with the spherical curve 4 continues to rotate the flywheel 5 clockwise through the ball fingers. In sector B, the compression of the combustible mixture occurs (Fig. 8), an intermediate position of the movement of the piston disk 2 to the top dead center (TDC). In sector A, the production of the combustible mixture continues, in sector B the intake of fresh mixture or air in diesels continues, in sector D the stroke and in sector C the compression. As a result, the flywheel 5 made a complete revolution around its axis and returned to the position shown in FIG. 5, to top dead center. Next, the following sequence of processes in the sectors of the ball engine is carried out: sector B is the stroke, sector G is the outlet, sector B is the compression, sector A is the inlet and the flywheel 5 makes half a revolution around its axis. Then the following cycles occur during the rotation of the flywheel 5: sector B - output, sector G - inlet, sector B - stroke and sector A - compression. As a result, flywheel 5 made a complete revolution around its axis. That is, in two turns of the flywheel 5 in the four-stroke ball engine, two complete cycles occur, and in the existing four-stroke ICE with a crank mechanism only one full cycle (stroke, exhaust, intake and compression). Therefore, the claimed technical solution provides at least a twofold increase in the power of the spherical ICE.

The proposed power mechanism makes it possible to use rolling or sliding bearings, lubricated under pressure, and apply an effective piston cooling system with forced circulation of oil in a closed circuit. The inventive ball motor can be used for compressors, pumps and other reciprocating machines.

Claims (3)

1. A spherical internal combustion engine, characterized in that it comprises a spherical housing divided by a circular disk piston and cut-off plates into four spherical sectors, an ignition and exhaust system, the shaft of the circular disk piston being integral with the arc at the top of which there is a ball a finger, through which the shaft of the disk piston is connected to the ball pin of the concave flywheel. 2. The spherical internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cutting plates are sealed with compression rings. 3. The spherical internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the circular disk piston is sealed with compression and oil scraper rings.

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