RU2677153C1 - Water distiller - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water treatment.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to installations for the desalination of seawater and can be used on seagoing vessels to produce fresh water. Water distiller contains heat-insulated chamber 1, equipped with nozzle 2 for supplying water to be distilled, nozzle for draining the distilled water, heating element 5, condenser. Heat-insulated chamber 1 is sealed to form a closed air circuit, and in its cavity electric fan 6 is placed with the possibility of supplying air to first film unit 7, in front of which there is an outlet of branch pipe 2 for supplying water to be distilled, the discharge of which is located above brine receiver 10. First louvered separator 11, the output of which is connected to the inlet of second film apparatus 12, the discharge of which is located above fresh water receiver 4, is placed further along the line of the closed air circuit. Input of second film apparatus 12 is made with the possibility of supplying cooled fresh water. Above the entrance of second film apparatus 12, second louvered separator 14 is mounted. Between second louvered separator 14 and electric fan 6 heating element 5 of the air heater is installed. Output of the receiver of fresh water through the first pump and refrigerator communicates with the line of fresh water, one outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the second film apparatus, and the second with consumers of fresh water.EFFECT: invention allows to increase the desalination capacity and simplify its design.1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to installations for desalination of sea water and can be used on marine vessels to produce fresh water.

A device is known for producing moisture from atmospheric air, containing coaxially located outer and inner vertical ducts with the formation of annular and internal flow cavities, obliquely oriented heat pipes, the evaporative sections of which are installed in the annular cavity, and the upstream condenser ones in the inner cavity, and located in the annular the cavity under the heat pipes is a condensate collector with a branch channel, while the ducts are connected with the upper sections to the atmosphere, the heat pipes would be made with a developed external heat-exchange surface, and the device is equipped with sun screens and a deflector, in the annular cavity there is a breathable material with the formation of radial flow channels, and in the lower section of the internal duct there are bypass openings communicating with the lower part of the external duct, the upper part of the internal duct connected to the atmosphere through the deflector, sunscreens are located on the outside of the external duct and in a checkerboard order are shifted relative to each other over the upper portion of the outer duct (see. SU No. 1551392, IPC B 01 D 5/00, F 28 B 5/00, 1990).

This device is relatively simple in design, however, the presence of elements such as heat pipes, breathable material, etc., complicates the operation of the device, and its insufficient performance makes it difficult to use it industrially.

Also known is a desalination plant comprising a thermally insulated chamber equipped with a pipe for supplying desalinated water, a pipe for removing desalinated water, a heating element, a condenser (see RU No. 2045978, IPC B 01 D 5/00, C 02 F 1/00, 1995). The known device provides fresh water by condensing water vapor from the air.

With a relatively simple constructive solution, the technology for producing water is rather complicated, because it contains the stage of freezing atmospheric air vapors and the subsequent melting of the formed ice, and, therefore, the need for the design of the device to have the appropriate means to implement these functions, requiring appropriate energy consumption.

The problem solved by the invention, the simplification of the design of the desalination device and increase productivity.

The technical result, which manifests itself in solving the problem, is expressed in the creation of a desalination device that is simple in design and an increase in productivity.

To solve this problem, a desalination plant containing a thermally insulated chamber equipped with a pipe for supplying desalinated water, a pipe for removing desalinated water, a heating element, and a condenser is characterized in that the chamber is sealed with the formation of a closed air circuit, and an electric fan is placed in the chamber cavity with the possibility of supplying air to the first film apparatus, in front of which there is an outlet for the desalination water supply pipe, the discharge of which is located above the receiver salt, then along the line of the closed air circuit there is placed the first louvered separator the outlet of which is communicated with the inlet of the second film apparatus, the discharge of which is located above the fresh water receiver, and the inlet is configured to supply chilled fresh water, and a second louvered separator is mounted at the inlet of the second film apparatus and a heating element for the air heater is installed by the fan, in addition, the outlet of the fresh water receiver through the first pump and the refrigerator is connected to the fresh line water, one outlet of which is connected with the entrance of the second film apparatus, and the second with consumers of fresh water. In addition, the output of the brine receiver is communicated, both with its discharge, and through a second pump communicated with a pipe for supplying desalinated water.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the signs of the prototype and analogues indicates the conformity of the claimed solution to the criterion of "novelty."

The combination of features of the claims provides a simplification of the design and reduction of the bulkiness of the device, as well as increasing its performance. In this case, the features of the characterizing part of the claims solve the following functional tasks.

The sign "... the chamber is sealed, with the formation of a closed air circuit ..." allows you to use the process of evaporation and condensation of moisture in the air in a desalination plant in which air moves in a closed loop.

The sign “... an electric fan is placed in the chamber cavity ...” provides air movement in a closed circuit from the zone of its saturation with moisture to the zone of condensation of this moisture.

Signs indicating that the electric fan is placed "with the possibility of supplying air to the first film apparatus, in front of which there is an outlet for the desalinated water supply pipe" in combination with a sign indicating that "an air heater is installed between the second louvre separator and the fan", provide hot air blowing the first film apparatus with seawater flowing through it and, thereby, intense saturation of air with moisture.

A sign indicating that "the discharge of the first film apparatus is located above the brine receiver" ensures the discharge of waste sea water and its partial use.

The sign indicating that "the first louvre separator is located downstream of the closed air circuit" ensures the separation of droplets of undescended liquid from the air stream saturated with vapor and the possibility of condensation of moisture from the air stream.

A sign indicating that “the output of the first louvre separator is connected to the inlet of the second film apparatus” provides the supply of moisture-saturated air to the second film apparatus for condensing moisture from the air stream (the latter is ensured by the inlet of the second film apparatus with the possibility of supplying chilled fresh water).

A sign indicating that "the drain of the second film apparatus is located above the fresh water receiver" ensures the collection of fresh water before it is sent for cooling.

A sign indicating that “a second louvre separator is mounted above the inlet of the second film unit” ensures the separation of the desalinated liquid droplets from the air stream returned to the heater.

A sign indicating that "the outlet of the fresh water receiver through the first pump and the refrigerator is connected to the fresh water line" ensures the desalination of desalinated water from the desalination plant with the appropriate organization of this outlet.

A sign indicating that "the output of the brine receiver is communicated, both with its discharge, and through the second pump communicated with a pipe for supplying desalinated water" ensures the reuse of waste desalinated water with its recharge, which minimizes the discharge of its heat into the surrounding space.

To obtain fresh water, it is proposed to use the process of evaporation and condensation of moisture in the air in a desalination plant in which air moves in a closed loop.

, а при температуре 60ºС –

(см. Диаграмма Рамзина. I-d - диаграмма состояний влажного воздуха. [Электронный ресурс]. – Режим доступа: http://www.fptl.ru/spravo4nik/ diagramma_ramzina.html), т.е. при нагреве воздуха производится его насыщение влагой в виде пара, при снижении температуры происходит конденсация влаги с получением

воды (с каждого 1 кг воздуха). Таким образом, для принятых условий с каждого 1 кг воздуха возможно получить 0,144 кг воды, при расходе воздуха

производительность по пресной воде может составить

.The principle of operation of the installation is based on the property of air to sharply increase its maximum moisture content with increasing temperature. So at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 20ºС its maximum moisture content is

and at a temperature of 60ºС -

(see. Ramzin diagram. Id is a state diagram of humid air. [Electronic resource]. - Access mode: http://www.fptl.ru/spravo4nik/ diagramma_ramzina.html), i.e. when the air is heated, it is saturated with moisture in the form of steam, with a decrease in temperature, moisture condensation occurs to obtain

water (from each 1 kg of air). Thus, for the accepted conditions, it is possible to obtain 0.144 kg of water from each 1 kg of air, with air flow

fresh water productivity may be

.

With increasing air pressure in the installation casing, its efficiency increases, because this increases the maximum moisture content of the air.

In FIG. 1 is a diagram of a desalination plant; FIG. 2 shows a section of a film apparatus (view along arrow A).

The diagram shows a thermally insulated chamber 1, a pipe 2 for supplying desalinated water, an outlet 3 of a fresh water receiver 4, a heating element of an air heater 5, an electric fan 6, a first film apparatus 7, film formers 8, a brine drain 9 of the first film apparatus 7, a brine receiver 10, the first louvre separator 11, second film apparatus 12, chilled water inlet 13, second louvre separator 14, first pump 15, refrigerator 16, fresh water outlet 17, brine discharge 18, second pump 19, seawater supply 20.

The desalter contains a heat-insulated chamber 1, equipped with a pipe 2 for supplying desalinated water, an outlet 3 of a fresh water receiver 4, a heating element 5, which provides heating of the air. Moreover, the insulated chamber 1 is sealed, with the formation of a closed air circuit, through which air circulation is ensured. An electric fan 6 is placed in the cavity of the chamber, placed with the possibility of supplying air to the first film apparatus 7 with film former 8, in front of which there is an outlet pipe 2 for supplying desalinated water. A drain 9 of the first film apparatus 7 is located above the brine receiver 10. Next, a first louvre separator 11 is placed along the closed air circuit, the outlet of which is connected to the input of the second film apparatus 12, the drain from which is located above the fresh water receiver 4, and the chilled water inlet 13 is made above the second film apparatus 12. Moreover, above the chilled water inlet 13 of the second film apparatus 12, a second louvre separator 14 is mounted, between which an air heating element is installed between the electric fan 6 heater 5, in addition, the outlet 3 from the fresh water receiver 4 through the first pump 15 and the refrigerator 16 is in communication with a fresh water line that communicates with the chilled water inlet 13 of the second film apparatus 12, and the second outlet 17 with fresh water consumers (in the drawings not marked). In addition, the output 9 of the brine receiver 10 is communicated, both with its discharge 18, and through a second pump 19 with a pipe 2 for supplying desalinated water, fresh sea water enters through the pipe 20.

The desalination plant is a sealed insulated chamber 1, in which air circulates in a closed circuit under the influence of an electric fan 6. After increasing the temperature in the heater (for example, approximately up to 100-120ºС), air is directed to the first film apparatus 7 of a known design, in which a film of sea water spreads on both sides of its plates. During the interaction of heated air with this film, intense evaporation of moisture into the air occurs, it is saturated with moisture to a relative moisture content of 90-95%, while air is cooled (approximately to 60 ° C) and the water film is heated.

The film units have a low hydraulic resistance, a relatively low velocity of the liquid film (0.05-0.1 m / s) and a large contact area, which contributes to intensive heat and mass transfer between air and the liquid film. After the first film apparatus 7 (after evaporation of the fresh component of water), the resulting brine is discharged to the brine receiver 10, from where part of the brine obtained is discharged to drain 18, and most of the second pump 19 is returned to the first film apparatus 7, while the brine is fed with fresh sea water twenty.

The air saturated with moisture after the first louvre separator 11 is sent to the second film apparatus 12 (structurally similar to the first), where the air temperature decreases (approximately to 20 ° C) and steam condenses on the surface of the water film, i.e. the second film apparatus 12 "works" as a condenser of the vapor contained in the air. The extracted fresh water is cooled in the refrigerator 16, its circulation is provided by the first pump 15, the cooled air goes up (due to the pressure generated by the electric fan 6) and, after the second louver separator 14, passes again through the heating element of the air heater 5 and further, its cycle of movement is repeated.

Claims (2)

1. Desalination plant, comprising a thermally insulated chamber equipped with a pipe for supplying desalinated water, a pipe for removing desalinated water, a heating element, a condenser, characterized in that the camera is sealed with the formation of a closed air circuit, while an electric fan with the possibility of air supply is placed in the chamber cavity to the first film apparatus, in front of which there is an outlet for the desalination water supply pipe, the drain of which is located above the brine receiver, then closed about the air circuit is placed the first louvre separator, the output of which is communicated with the inlet of the second film apparatus, the drain of which is located above the fresh water receiver, and the inlet is configured to supply chilled fresh water, and a second louvre separator is mounted above the inlet of the second film apparatus, between which and the fan the heating element of the air heater is installed, in addition, the outlet of the fresh water receiver through the first pump and the refrigerator is connected to the fresh water line, one outlet of which it is connected with the entrance of the second film apparatus, and the second with the consumers of fresh water. 2. Desalination plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the output of the brine receiver is communicated both with its discharge, and through the second pump it is communicated with a pipe for supplying desalinated water.

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