RU2657016C1 - Method of measuring range - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering and communications.

SUBSTANCE: method for measuring range is related to the technical field of radio engineering means for measuring distances and can be used, for example, for measuring short distances in local navigation systems when controlling the movement of underwater objects. In the first channel, the inductive coupling of the two frame magnetic antennas is used. With this channel, in-phase continuous oscillations are formed at both ends of the measurement path. Moreover, the presence of electrical conductivity of water does not affect the operation of this channel. Acoustic waves are used in the other channel. Actually, the phase shift of acoustic waves is an information parameter for determining the distance. Consistent change in the frequency of continuous oscillations and the concomitant measurement of the phase difference of the signals in the electromagnetic and acoustic channels uniquely determine the range in the local short-range navigation system.

EFFECT: new about the method of measuring range is the use of simultaneously two channels of information transfer, both of which are suitable for signal transmission under water.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of technology of radio-electronic means of measuring distance and can be used, for example, for measuring short distances in local navigation systems when controlling the movement of underwater objects.

Known amplitude methods for measuring range (see, for example, the book. Guide to the basics of radar technology / edited by VV Druzhinin. - M.: Military. Publishing house, 1967). However, amplitude ranging methods have a large error.

Closest to the technical nature of the present invention is the method of measuring range described in the Patents for invention No. 2584976 and No. 2584972, Russia, IPC G01S 13/32.

By this method of measuring range, two continuous high-frequency oscillations with known frequencies ƒ ₁ and ƒ _{2 are} generated in the measuring station and these continuous high-frequency oscillations are emitted in the direction of the repeater. Further, in the repeater, these oscillations are received and transformed in frequency, after which they are re-emitted in the direction of the antenna of the measuring station, where these oscillations are secondly received and mixed with the initial continuous high-frequency oscillations. At the outputs of the mixers, Raman low-frequency components of the difference between the initial continuous high-frequency oscillations and the second-time-continuous continuous high-frequency oscillations transformed in frequency are distinguished. Then measure the phase difference Δϕ between the selected two Raman low-frequency components, while the distance from the antenna of the measuring station to the antenna of the repeater is determined by the formula:

where c is the speed of light. Coefficient 2 in the denominator indicates the double passage of radio waves along the path.

However, this method of measuring range is implemented exclusively in the radio-frequency or microwave wavelength range and is completely unsuitable for measuring distances under water, since radio-frequency and microwave oscillations in water quickly decay during propagation.

The aim of the present invention is to realize the ability to measure range under water. This goal is achieved in that by the method of measuring range, which includes the generation of continuous oscillations, the emission of continuous oscillations, the reception of continuous oscillations, the measurement of the phase difference of continuous oscillations, the sequential change in the frequency of continuous oscillations, characterized in that the continuous oscillations are initially generated with a known fixed frequency ƒ ₁ while continuous oscillations are fed simultaneously to the input of the transmitting magnetic frame antenna and to the input of the transmitting acoustic amplifier a developer, both of which are located at one end of the measuring path, and thus radiate in the direction of the object whose distance you want to measure, an alternating magnetic field and an acoustic wave, after which, at the other end of the measuring path, an alternating magnetic field is captured by the receiving magnetic antenna, and the acoustic wave is captured by the receiving acoustic transducer, both of which are located at the other end of the measuring path, after which the phase difference Δϕ is measured and recorded _m1 between the continuous oscillations generated at the output of the receiving magnetic loop antenna and at the output of the receiving acoustic transducer, after which they generate continuous oscillations with a known fixed frequency ƒ ₂ and repeat the entire radiation procedure, receiving an alternating magnetic field and acoustic wave, and also measure and fix the difference phase Δφ _m2 between continuous vibrations generated at the output of the receiving magnetic loop antenna and the output of the receiver acoustic transducer, after which the p phase coherency Δφ = Δφ _m1 -Δφ _m2, the distance between a transmitting acoustical transducer and a receiving acoustical transducer is determined by the formula:

where c _a is the speed of sound in the propagation medium, and the location of the transmitting and receiving frame magnetic antennas does not matter.

Comparison of the invention with the already known methods and prototype shows that the inventive method exhibits new technical properties, consisting in the possibility of measuring range under water.

These properties of the present invention are new, because in the prototype method, due to its inherent disadvantages of using exclusively radio-frequency or microwave oscillations, range measurement is possible only in air or airless space.

The specified ranging method can be implemented using the device shown in FIG. one.

The range measuring device consists of a continuous oscillation generator 1, a transmitting magnetic loop antenna 2, a transmitting acoustic transducer 3, a receiving magnetic loop antenna 4, a receiving acoustic transducer 5, and a phase difference meter 6.

The output of the continuous oscillator 1 is connected to the input of the transmitting magnetic loop antenna 2 and to the input of the transmitting acoustic transducer 3, and the output of the receiving loop magnetic antenna 4 is connected to the first input of the phase difference meter 6, and the output of the receiving acoustic transducer 5 is connected to the second input of the phase difference meter 6.

A device that implements the inventive method of measuring range as follows.

Using a continuous oscillation generator 1, continuous oscillations are initially generated with a known frequency начальной ₁ , an initial phase ϕ ₀₁ and an amplitude U ₀

The frequency of these oscillations is selected low. The frequency value of these oscillations lies in the sound or ultrasonic wavelength range. These oscillations are fed to the input of the transmitting magnetic frame antenna 2 and simultaneously to the input of the transmitting acoustic transducer 3.

где

- скорость света. При низких частотах ƒ₁ звукового или ультразвукового диапазона длин волн и при малых дальностях D, составляющих до сотни метров, длина волны электромагнитного излучения оказывается много больше измеряемой дальности D. Другими словами, передающая и приемная рамочные магнитные антенны работают в ближней зоне и их результирующее излучаемое (принимаемое) поле является преимущественно переменным магнитным полем. При этом набегом фазы ϕ₁₁ можно пренебречь и можно утверждать, что непрерывные колебания, формируемые на выходе приемной рамочной магнитной антенны 4, являются синфазными по отношению к непрерывным колебаниям, поступающим на вход передающей рамочной магнитной антенны 2, и описываются одним и тем же выражением (1). Причем место установки передающей и приемной рамочных магнитных антенн не принципиально. Непрерывные колебания на входе передающей и на выходе приемной рамочных магнитных антенн всегда будут синфазны или противофазны (в зависимости от их взаимной ориентации), как это имеет место в случае использования двух катушек индуктивностей (те же рамочные магнитные антенны) с взаимной индуктивной (магнитной) связью. Правомерность использования взаимной магнитной связи двух рамочных магнитных антенн подтверждена полномасштабными теоретическими и экспериментальными исследованиями и нашла отражение в трудах и патентах РФ автора №№2584977, 2584978, 2584979, 2584980, 2584981, 2584982, 2584983 и др.Using a transmitting magnetic loop antenna 2, an electromagnetic wave is emitted towards the other end of the measuring path. An electromagnetic wave with a frequency of ƒ _1, when propagated to a distance D from the transmitting frame magnetic antenna 2 to the receiving frame magnetic antenna 4, receives a phase incursion

Where

is the speed of light. At low frequencies ƒ _{1 of the} sound or ultrasonic wavelength range and at small ranges D of up to hundreds of meters, the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is much greater than the measured range D. In other words, the transmitting and receiving frame magnetic antennas operate in the near field and their resulting radiated The (received) field is predominantly a variable magnetic field. In this case, the phase shift ϕ ₁₁ can be neglected and it can be argued that the continuous oscillations generated at the output of the receiving frame magnetic antenna 4 are in phase with respect to the continuous oscillations entering the input of the transmitting magnetic antenna 2 and are described by the same expression ( one). Moreover, the installation location of the transmitting and receiving frame magnetic antennas is not important. Continuous oscillations at the input of the transmitting and the output of the receiving frame magnetic antennas will always be in phase or out of phase (depending on their relative orientation), as is the case when using two inductors (the same frame magnetic antennas) with mutual inductive (magnetic) coupling . The legitimacy of the use of mutual magnetic coupling of two frame magnetic antennas is confirmed by full-scale theoretical and experimental studies and is reflected in the works and patents of the Russian Federation by the author No. 2584977, 2584978, 2584979, 2584980, 2584981, 2584982, 2584983 and others.

где с _а - скорость звука в среде распространения. Значением этого набега фазы пренебречь нельзя, поскольку его величина может достигать нескольких тысяч фазовых циклов величиной 2π каждый. Таким образом, на выходе приемного акустического преобразователя 5 формируются непрерывные колебанияOn the other hand, by means of a transmitting acoustic transducer 3, an acoustic wave is emitted towards the other end of the measuring path. An acoustic wave with a frequency of ƒ ₁ when propagating to a distance D from the transmitting acoustic transducer 3 to the receiving acoustic transducer 5 also receives its phase incursion

where c _a is the speed of sound in the propagation medium. The value of this phase incursion cannot be neglected, since its value can reach several thousand phase cycles of 2π each. Thus, continuous oscillations are generated at the output of the receiving acoustic transducer 5

Continuous oscillations from the output of the receiving loop magnetic antenna 4, described by expression (1) and from the output of the receiving acoustic transducer 5, described by expression (2), are fed to the inputs of the phase difference meter 6, the output of which forms a signal proportional to the phase difference of the signals (1) and 2). However, the phase difference meter 6 is able to adequately display the measured phase difference if the magnitude of this phase difference lies in the range from 0 to 2π. In other words, the phase difference meter generates a signal proportional to a certain value Δϕ _m1 , which is related to the real phase shift ϕ _{21 by the} relation

where n is some integer that can reach several thousand or more.

To solve this problem, the indicated measured value Δϕ _{m1 is} fixed, after which the value of the frequency of continuous oscillations is changed to a certain known value ƒ ₂ and the entire procedure of emission and reception of electromagnetic and acoustic waves is repeated and the phase difference Δϕ _{m2 of} continuous oscillations is measured again at the output of the receiving frame magnetic antenna 4 and the output of the receiving acoustic transducer 5, which is again fixed. Then determine the phase difference Δϕ = Δϕ _m1 -Δϕ _m2 and calculate the range by the formula

It is important to remember that changing the frequency (ƒ ₁ -ƒ ₂ ) should not lead to a change in the phase difference of the signals by an amount greater than 2π. In other words

The economic effect of the use of the present invention is associated with the emergence of the possibility of measuring ranges under water in an environment where radio waves and microwaves propagate over very short distances, much shorter than the working ranges in local navigation systems.

Another aspect of improving the efficiency of using the present invention is related to the possibility of measuring range with increased accuracy, while the ambiguity of measurements is eliminated.

Claims (4)

A method of measuring range, including the generation of continuous oscillations, the emission of continuous oscillations, the reception of continuous oscillations, the measurement of the phase difference of continuous oscillations, the sequential change in the frequency of continuous oscillations, characterized in that the continuous oscillations are initially generated with a known fixed frequency ƒ ₁ , while the continuous oscillations are simultaneously fed to the input of the transmitting magnetic magnetic antenna and to the input of the transmitting acoustic transducer, both of which are located at one end of the measuring path, and thus emit in the direction of the object, the distance to which it is necessary to measure, at the same time an alternating magnetic field and an acoustic wave, after which at the other end of the measuring path an alternating m the magnetic field is captured by the receiving magnetic loop antenna, and the acoustic wave is caught by the receiving acoustic transducer, both of which are located at the other end of the measuring path, after which the phase difference Δϕ _{FROM1 is} measured and recorded between continuous oscillations generated at the output of the receiving magnetic loop antenna and at the output of the receiving acoustic transducer, after which they generate continuous oscillations with a known fixed frequency ƒ ₂ and repeat the entire radiation procedure, receiving an alternating ma field and acoustic waves, and also measure and record the phase difference Δϕ _IZ2 between continuous oscillations generated at the output of the receiving frame magnetic antenna and the output of the receiving acoustic transducer, after which the phase difference Δϕ = Δϕ _IZ1 -Δϕ _{IZ2 is determined} , while the distance between transmitting acoustic transducer and receiving acoustic transducer is determined by the formula:

where c is the speed of sound in the propagation medium, and the location of the transmitting and receiving frame magnetic antennas does not matter.

Images