RU2644424C1 - Hybrid machine with trunk piston - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power machines and concerns hybrid piston machines of volumetric action, used as pump compressors, to which stringent requirements are imposed for mass-size characteristics, economy and a large range of injection pressures. Machine comprises of a cylinder 1 with a gas 2 and a liquid 3 cavities connected respectively to sources and consumers of gas and liquid through the reverse self-acting valves 4, 5, 6 and 7. Piston 8 is connected by a pin 9 to a drive mechanism comprising a connecting rod 10 and a crankshaft 11 with a crank 12. Cylinder 1 has a cooling jacket 14. Liquid cavity 3 is formed by a step 15 on the cylinder 1 and a step 16 on the piston 8. Cylinder 1 is mounted on the crankcase 19, which is partially filled with a liquid lubricant 20.

EFFECT: weight of the machine is reduced, the technological effectiveness of its manufacture and the range of working pressures are increased.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy machines and relates to hybrid reciprocating volumetric machines used as compressor pumps, which are subject to stringent requirements for weight and size characteristics and efficiency.

Known hybrid piston machine containing a cylinder and a piston with the formation of two cavities connected to a source of liquid and gas using self-acting check valves (see, for example, RF patent No. 118371, IPC F04B 19/06 from 07/20/2012).

The disadvantage of this and a similar design is their high material consumption and large dimensions along the axis of the cylinder.

A piston hybrid machine is also known, comprising a cylinder with gas and liquid cavities connected respectively to sources and consumers of gas and liquid through self-acting check valves, the piston being made tron and connected to the drive mechanism, and the cylinder has a cooling jacket, the volume of which is located between the suction and discharge liquid valves (see RF patent No. 1256635, IPC F04B 19/06 of 03/10/2013). This design is the closest to the achieved positive effect.

A disadvantage of the known design is the almost inexpediency of compressing the liquid to a relatively high pressure, because Compression, in addition to the lower part of the cylinder, also occurs in the crankcase of the machine, which has a relatively large surface and at least three joints with fixed seals, which, when compressing the fluid to high pressures (30-60 bar and more), requires that the walls of the crankcase be thick and thoroughly processing planes up to their grinding in the plane) under the gaskets.

All this taken together increases the material consumption of the machine, complicates the technology of its manufacture and narrows the scope of the known design.

An object of the invention is to reduce the material consumption of a hybrid machine with a tron piston, reducing the cost of its manufacture and expanding its scope.

This problem is solved by the fact that in the known hybrid machine with a tron piston containing a cylinder with gas and liquid cavities, respectively connected to sources and consumers of gas and liquid through self-acting check valves, the piston being made tron and connected to the drive mechanism, and the cylinder has a jacket cooling, the volume of which is located between the suction and discharge liquid valves, according to the invention, the liquid cavity is formed using a step in the lower part of the cylinder, and The piston is equipped with a reciprocal step in the area of its skirt. In this case, the cooling jacket can be included in the volume of the liquid cavity, the suction liquid valve can be located in the zone of the discharge gas valve, and the discharge valve in the lower part of the cooling jacket.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 schematically shows a longitudinal (along the axis of the cylinder) section of the machine.

In FIG. 2 and FIG. Figure 3 shows the positions of the organs of the machine at different points in time when the piston moves up and down.

The hybrid machine with a tron piston (Fig. 1) contains a cylinder 1 with gas 2 and liquid 3 cavities connected respectively to sources and consumers of gas and liquid through self-acting check valves 4 and 5 (suction and discharge gas valves), 6 and 7 (suction and discharge fluid valves).

The piston 8 is made of a throttle and connected by a finger 9 to a drive mechanism containing a connecting rod 10, a crankshaft 11 with a crank 12 and a counterweight 13.

The cylinder 1 has a cooling jacket 14, the volume of which is located between the suction 6 and discharge 7 liquid valves.

The liquid cavity 3 is formed by a step 15 in the lower part of the cylinder 1, and the piston is equipped with a reciprocal step 16 between its head part 17 and the skirt 18.

In this design, the jacket 14 is included in the volume of the liquid cavity 3, and the suction liquid valve 6 is located in the area of the discharge gas valve 5, and the discharge liquid valve 7 is in the lower part of the cooling jacket 14 from the opposite side.

The cylinder 1 is mounted on the crankcase 19, which is partially filled with liquid lubricant 20.

The hybrid machine operates as follows (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).

During the compression-injection process (Fig. 2), the piston 8 moves upward from the bottom dead center (BDC) to the top dead center (TDC). In this case, the volume of the cavities 2 and 3 decreases and the fluid is compressed in the cavity 3 and the jacket 14. The valve 4 is closed, and after the fluid pressure exceeds the consumer pressure (discharge pressure), the valve 7 opens and the fluid is pumped through it towards the consumer . Moreover, through the valve 7 in the direction of the consumer of the liquid, it flows out of the jacket 14. The fluid moves along the jacket 14 along the cylinder 1 and heats up, taking away heat from the walls of the cylinder 1, which it received from the compressed gas.

At the same time, gas is compressed in cavity 2 and after its pressure exceeds the pressure of the gas consumer (discharge pressure), valve 5 opens and gas is pumped through it to the gas consumer. Valve 4 is closed when the piston 8 is up.

In the case when the liquid injection pressure exceeds the gas injection pressure (this option is most often encountered in practice, it is shown in the drawings), when the piston 8 moves upward, a part of the liquid is forced into the cavity 2 through the gap between the piston 8 (its head part 17) and cylinder 1 and fills this gap, preventing gas leaks from the cavity 2. This liquid spreads along the upper end surface of the piston 8 and creates a layer which, when the piston comes to the TDC position, fills the dead volume of cylinder 1, displacing the compressed gas from it, it increases the feed rate of the machine for gas. Excess fluid is evacuated through valve 5.

During the suction stroke (Fig. 3), the piston 8 goes down from the top dead center to the BDC, the cavities 2 and 3 increase. In this case, the valves 5 and 7 are closed, and the valves 4 and 6 open due to the occurrence of rarefaction in the cavities 2 and 3 and through they receive gas, respectively, into cavity 2 and liquid into cavity 3 from sources of gas and liquid.

In the cavity 3, the liquid enters through the jacket 14 and moves from top to bottom along the cylinder 1, taking away from the heat of compression of gas in the cavity 2 from the cylinder 1. The coldest liquid, which has not yet had time to warm up on the walls of the cylinder 1, flows around the surface of the cylinder 1 in the area of the discharge gas valve 5, most intensively taking away heat from parts in this zone. This contributes to good cooling of valve parts 5 (seat, shut-off element, spring, etc.), which increases the efficiency of this valve and, along with this, the whole machine, because one of the most rapidly malfunctioning elements of volumetric gas machines is precisely pressure valves.

The pressure loss in the gas valves is significantly lower than in the liquid valves, and therefore the pressure in the cavity 3 during the absorption of the liquid is significantly lower than the suction pressure in the cavity 2. In this regard, the remainder of the liquid placed at the end of the gas injection in the dead volume of the cavity 2 and representing a certain layer of liquid at the upper end of the piston, it is under the action of a pressure drop (from the side of the cavity 2 the pressure is higher, from the side of the cavity 3 is lower), and this liquid flows down from the cavity 2 into the cavity during the movement of the piston 8 down 3 through the gap between the cylinder 1 and the head part 17 of the piston 8.

After the arrival of the piston 8 in the position of the BDC, the cycle of work is repeated.

In the proposed design, the fluid pressure does not go beyond the cylinder-piston group, and therefore there is no need to make the crankcase elements strong and, accordingly, heavy, which reduces its total mass. In addition, the absence of high fluid pressure (at high consumer pressure) does not imply significant technological costs for eliminating leaks through the docking nodes and crankcase seals, which reduces the cost of manufacturing the machine. The ability to achieve medium and high (up to 100 bar and higher) pressurized fluid pressures significantly expands the scope of application of a hybrid piston machine with a tron piston.

In connection with the above, it should be considered that the technical task is fully completed.

Claims (2)

1. A hybrid machine with a tron piston, comprising a cylinder with gas and liquid cavities connected respectively to sources and consumers of gas and liquid through self-acting check valves, the piston being made tron and connected to the drive mechanism, and the cylinder has a cooling jacket, the volume of which is located between suction and discharge liquid valves, characterized in that the liquid cavity is formed using a step in the lower part of the cylinder, and the piston is equipped with a reciprocal step between its th head part and skirt. 2. A hybrid machine with a tron piston according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling jacket is included in the volume of the liquid cavity, the suction liquid valve located in the zone of the discharge gas valve and the discharge liquid valve in the lower part of the cooling jacket from the opposite side.

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