RU2642459C1 - Motor oil for two-valve petrol engines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: engine oil for two-valve gasoline engines, containing an additive package, a thickening agent of polyisobutylene and a base oil is claimed, which is characterized in that the base oil is isoparaffin oil having a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm²/s at 100°C, isolated from the hydroisomerization products of the residue of a single pass hydrocracking vacuum distillate, with the following ratio of components, wt %: additive package up to 4.6, thickener polyisobutylene 25-30, base isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm²/s at 100°C . The motor oil further comprises a solvent in an amount of up to 10 wt %.

EFFECT: test results on standard JASO FD have shown the benefits of oils for two-valve engines produced on the base of low-viscosity isoparaffin oils obtained by allocating it from hydroisomerization products balance forward hydrocracking of vacuum distillate compared to the prototype.

2 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to oils for internal combustion engines.

Two-stroke engine oils are used to lubricate and cool moving parts. The oil in a two-stroke engine burns together with fuel - gasoline, while deposits of burnt products remain on the piston, combustion chamber, gas exhaust system, and the exhaust gases are contaminated with fine particles (“exhaust smoke”).

Two-stroke engine oils typically include an additive package dissolved in the base oil, with a thickener and a solvent.

The additive package typically contains detergents, dispersants and antioxidants.

Modern base oils for two-stroke engines in order to reduce the amount of smoke generated during combustion contain additional polyisobutylene in an amount of 20-30% of the mass. on the final product and hydrocarbon solvent up to 20% on the final product.

As a hydrocarbon solvent, a kerosene fraction (for example, aviation kerosene) was previously used. Recently, in connection with the tightening of smoke requirements, a narrow fraction of isoparaffin hydrocarbons is used, boiling in the range of 250-350 ° С.

The performance properties of oils for two-stroke engines are influenced by both the additive package and the base oil, and, first of all, on deposits on the cylinder and the fumes of the exhaust gases.

Known patent RU 2222571, 2004, "Engine oil for two-stroke gasoline engines." In this patent, studies on the optimization of oil for two-stroke engines were carried out only as part of the optimization of the package of its additives. The optimization of the base oil was not considered, as a result, the product turned out to be an unclaimed market, and its patent protection was terminated in 2011.

Closest to this invention is patent RU 2213128, 2003, claimed by Castrol Limited (GB), "Lubricant for a two-stroke engine of a motorcycle."

In this patent, a study is made of the effect on the quality of oil for two-stroke engines of both the additive package and the base oil.

The grease according to the patent RU 2213128 contains a base oil, which is a mineral naphthenic oil having a viscosity at 100 ° C less than 4 cSt and a pour point below minus 30 ° C, a detergent additive system and a thickener. Also in this patent it is indicated that in some cases, in the preparation of oil for two-stroke engines, a solvent is used in a concentration of about 20% of the mass.

Regarding the base oil (according to the description), the conclusion was made: “The viscosity of the base oil at 100 ° C is preferably below 6 cSt, more preferably below 4 cSt, and even more preferably about 2 cSt. The base oil is preferably a mineral oil derived from a naphthenic feedstock or polyalphaolefin. "

The objective of the invention is to optimize the quality of oil for two-stroke engines in terms of indicators associated with deposits on the cylinder and smoke exhaust gases, by searching for the best base oil for the composition.

Declared an engine oil for two-stroke gasoline engines containing an additive package, a polyisobutylene thickener and a base oil, characterized in that the base oil is isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° C, isolated from hydroisomerization products of a single-pass hydrocracking residue vacuum distillate, in the following ratio of components,% mass .:

additive package up to 4.6 thickener polyisobutylene 25-30 base isoparaffin oil with viscosity up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° С up to 100

Motor oil may additionally contain a solvent in an amount of up to 10% of the mass.

The desire to further improve the quality of oil for two-stroke engines led to the study of the use of isoparaffin low-viscosity oil with a viscosity of not more than 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° C as the base oil obtained by hydroisomerization of the residue of single pass hydrocracking of vacuum distillate. This oil practically does not contain sulfur, aromatic hydrocarbons, the content of paraffin hydrocarbons exceeds 97% by weight, and, as a result, a high ratio by weight of hydrogen: carbon.

For the study, a base oil was used according to TU 38.401-58-416-2014 "Isoparaffin base oil TATNEFT HVI-2" with the following indicators:

We also investigated the effect of the thickener, polyisobutylene and solvent, in relation to two-stroke engine oil compositions containing low-viscosity isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° C as a base oil.

For comparison, a naphthenic base oil with a viscosity of 2.2 mm ² / s at 100 ° C and a low-viscosity polyolefin oil with a viscosity at 100 ° C of 2.3 mm ² / s were used. (similar to patent RU 2213128).

An additive package for Lubrizol Lubrizol 601 was used as an additive package for the preparation of oil for two-stroke engines. A polyisobutylene thickener with a molecular weight of about 1000 under the brand name Lubrizol 3108 and an Isoparaffin solvent Exxsol D 140 were also used in the preparation of the oil.

Two-stroke engine oil was prepared by mixing the base oil with an additive package, a thickener and, if necessary, a solvent in a flask with a stirrer at a temperature of 60 ° C for 30 minutes.

In tables 2, 3, 4 are given: the composition of the compositions, their properties, and test results according to the JASO FD standard both according to this invention (examples 1-5) and the prototype (examples 6-8).

Composition 1 according to the invention fully complies with the JASO FD standard and is superior in terms of smoke (219 versus 183-201 in the prototype, in terms of detergent in accordance with ISO EGD (154 versus 132-151) and in terms of the piston skirt (110 versus 104-107 in the prototype ) with equal lubricity.

Composition 2, containing a smaller amount of polyisobutylene (25 instead of 30% by mass), also fully complies with the JASO FD standard and exceeds the performance of the prototype, however, the lubricity index is lower compared to composition 1, which allows you to set the lower limit of the introduction of polyisobutylene in the composition - 25% of the mass.

Composition 3 additionally contains 10% of the mass. solvent (Exxsol D 140), and also fully complies with the JASO FD standard, however, it is at the lower boundary in terms of kinematic viscosity (6.7 mm ² / s with a norm of at least 6.5 mm ² / s) and lower lubricity (111 points).

Composition 4 according to the invention, containing 30% of the mass. polyisobutylene and 10% wt. solvent, fully complies with the JASO FD standard and is superior in terms of smoke (227 versus 183-201 in the prototype), in terms of detergent in accordance with ISO EGD (157 versus 132-151) and in the piston skirt (112 versus 104-107 in the prototype), with equal lubricity.

Composition 5, which has a high solvent content (15% instead of 10%), also has excellent low smoke (233) and detergent (161), but a lower lubricity (109 instead of 115) and therefore will not be stated in this invention.

Analysis of the results of compositions 3 and 5 allows us to conclude that the maximum solvent content in the oil composition for two-stroke engines according to the invention is not more than 10% of the mass.

The experiments convincingly showed the advantages of oils for two-stroke engines made on the basis of low-viscosity isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° C, obtained by isolating it from the hydroisomerization products of the one-pass hydrocracking residue of vacuum distillate at a pressure of more than 160 atm compared to with the prototype.

Claims (3)

1. An engine oil for two-stroke gasoline engines containing an additive package, a polyisobutylene thickener and a base oil, characterized in that the base oil is isoparaffin oil with a viscosity of up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° C, isolated from hydroisomerization products of a single-pass hydrocracking residue vacuum distillate, in the following ratio, wt.%: additive package up to 4.6 thickener polyisobutylene 25-30 base isoparaffin oil with viscosity up to 2.6 mm ² / s at 100 ° С up to 100 2. Motor oil under item 1, characterized in that it further comprises a solvent in an amount of up to 10 wt.%.