RU2622685C1 - Reactive hydroturbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine engineering.

SUBSTANCE: reactive turbine consists of a lower shell, which is connected to the upper hull, a pipe line fixed to the lower hull, a hydraulic manifold, made in the form of a sealed chamber with blades of the first turbine. Inside the pipe there was pressed a copper pipe with a helicoidal thread, flared over its ends. In the upper part of the pipe, a slot nozzle is fixedly fixed, made in the form of a cylinder with rectangular slots in the upper part of the lateral surface of the cylinder. The nozzles and blades of the turbine of the rotor form a second turbine. The hydraulic collector with the power take-off shaft, the shaft, the cone surface of the rotor, the pipes, the supply nozzles, the second turbine form the turbine rotor. Pipes intended for supplying liquid are made with a helicoidal thread and fixed to the conical surface of the rotor during the rotation of the turbine rotor. The nozzles of the second turbine are rotatably mounted together with the turbine rotor.

EFFECT: increase of energy efficiency of reactive water turbine.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, in particular to hydroturbine installations.

Known jet turbine containing a rotor with channels for supplying the working fluid to the nozzles (RF patent No. 2193669, IPC F01D 1/32, publ. 11/27/2002).

A known jet turbine (RF patent No. 148863, IPC F01D 1/32, publ. 20.12. 2014), consisting of a housing, guide nozzles, a rotor, consisting of a shaft on which at least two disks, a central hub and workers are rigidly mounted blades installed between the disks, while ensuring the presence of space between the disks, the Central sleeve and the inner edges of the working blades, and the nozzles are directed into this space.

The disadvantage is low energy efficiency.

A known jet turbine (RF patent No. 156376, IPC F01D 1/32, publ. November 10, 2015), comprising a shaft and a turbine wheel mounted on the shaft with nozzles located in the plane of rotation of the shaft, and the output section of each nozzle is limited by the output cut, nozzles are installed between two coaxial shaft disks and are covered around the periphery by a retaining shelf, and through cuts are made in the peripheral part of at least one of these disks on segments of a turbine wheel following the gas flow behind the nozzle exit sections.

The disadvantage is the low energy efficiency of the jet rotary turbine.

An object of the invention is the creation of an energy-efficient jet turbine.

The technical result consists in increasing the energy efficiency of a jet turbine by reducing the internal resistance to the passage of fluid to the nozzles, by reusing the working fluid in one cycle and by increasing the efficiency of the turbine due to the siphon effect that occurs when the turbine reaches its operating speed.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a reactive hydraulic turbine consists of a lower housing, which is connected to the upper housing, piped, mounted on the lower housing, and a copper pipe with a helical thread is pressed inside, flared along its ends, the slotted nozzle is fixedly fixed in the upper part, made in the form of a cylinder with rectangular slots in the upper part of the side surface of the cylinder; a hydraulic manifold made in the form of a sealed chamber with nozzles and blades of the first turbine, while the pipes feeding the nozzles, nozzles and blades of the rotor turbine form the second turbine, and the hydraulic manifold with the power take-off shaft, shaft, conical surface of the rotor, the second turbine of the nozzle block form the turbine rotor, and the pipes intended for supplying and discharging liquid are made with a helical thread and mounted on the conical surface of the rotor along the rotation of the turbine rotor; nozzles of the second turbine are fixed in the nozzle block with the possibility of rotation together with the turbine rotor.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the device in section.

The following elements are indicated in the drawing:

1 - lower case;

2 - upper case;

3 - trumpeted;

4 - copper pipe with a helical thread;

5 - shaft;

6 - pipes feeding nozzles;

7 - slotted nozzle;

8 - a hydraulic manifold with a power take-off shaft;

9 - blades of a hydraulic manifold (first turbine);

10 - thrust bearing washer;

11 - upper bearing;

12 - lower bearing;

13 - nozzles of the second turbine;

14 - second turbine;

15 - fitting for drainage of fluid;

16 - channel for fastening the pipe;

17 - a flange of fastening of the lower case;

18 - flange of the upper housing;

19 - conical surface of the rotor;

20 - power take-off shaft bearing;

21 - the bottom plate of the mounting of the second turbine;

22 - blades of the second turbine

23 - conical insert for mounting the guides of the rotor;

24 - the upper mounting plate of the second turbine;

25 - bracket fastening helicoid tubes to the conical surface of the rotor.

A jet turbine consists of a lower casing 1, which is connected to the upper casing 2 by means of flanges 17 and 18. The pipe 3 is fixed to the lower case 1 by means of a channel for fastening 16, the pipe 3 is pressed into a copper pipe with a helical thread 4, flared at the ends pipe 3. A turbine rotor is mounted on the shaft 5, consisting of a hydraulic manifold with a power take-off shaft 8 (blades of the hydraulic manifold of the first turbine 9 are fixed inside the hydraulic manifold), pipes feeding the nozzles 6 (pipe s on the conical surface of the rotor are fixed with brackets 25), the conical insert for mounting the guides of the rotor 23, the conical surface of the rotor 19, the lower mounting plate of the second turbine 21, the blades of the second turbine 22, the nozzles of the second turbine 12, the upper mounting plate of the second turbine 24. Upper bearing 11 is fixed with the thrust washer of the bearing 10, the lower bearing 12 abuts against the ledge of the tube 3. In the upper part of the tube 3, the slotted nozzle 7 is fixedly fixed (it is a tightening nut for the thrust washer of the bearing 10), ying into a cylindrical shape with rectangular slits in the upper part of the side surface of the cylinder, together with the blades of the turbine of the hydraulic reservoir 9 defines a first turbine. The second turbine 14 consists of nozzles 13, blades of the second turbine 22, the upper mounting plate of the second turbine 24, the lower mounting plate of the second turbine 21. The bearing of the power take-off shaft 20 serves to seal the internal volume of the turbine from the external environment.

The device operates as follows.

The working fluid is supplied under pressure into the tubing 3, passing through a copper pipe with a helical thread 4, the liquid enters the internal cavity of the slotted nozzle 7. Passing through the slots of the slotted nozzle 7, the fluid flow rate increases due to the difference in the cross section of the copper pipe with helicoid cutting 4 and the total cross section of the nozzle slots. Helical-cut copper pipe 4 pipe 3 significantly reduces friction losses. The fluid flow from the slotted nozzle 7 hits the blades 9 of the hydraulic manifold turbine (the first turbine), causing the hydraulic manifold 8 to rotate around the pipe 3. The liquid flows down the blades 9 of the turbine and flows into the pipes feeding the nozzles 6. The pipes are fixed along the conical surface of the rotor, They are a diverging spiral and a centrifugal force acts on the liquid inside the pipes, which is the greater, the faster the turbine rotor rotates. The column of liquid in the pipes supplying the nozzles 6, due to centrifugal force, creates pressure in the nozzles 13, which with their flows press on the blades of the turbine of the rotor 22 (second turbine), giving the latter additional acceleration. When the turbine rotor reaches the working rotation speed, the fluid flow through the pipes supplying the nozzles 6 (due to an increase in the fluid velocity) will become larger than the fluid supply to the hydraulic manifold 8, which will lead to the appearance of a siphon inside the hydraulic manifold and increase the efficiency of the first turbine. The fluid, passing through the blades of the turbine of the rotor 22, is thrown by centrifugal force onto the walls of the upper housing 2. On the walls of the upper housing 2, the working fluid flows down into the inner cavity of the lower housing 1, after which it is disposed of through the fluid outlet 15.

Claims (1)

A jet turbine, characterized in that it consists of a lower case connected to the upper case, was piped, mounted on the lower case, and a copper pipe with a helical thread was pressed inside, flared along its ends, the slotted nozzle made in the upper part was fixedly fixed, made in the shape of a cylinder with rectangular slots in the upper part of the lateral surface of the cylinder, a hydraulic manifold made in the form of a sealed chamber with the blades of the first turbine, while the nozzle and the blades of the rotor turbine form the second turbine, and the hydraulic manifold with the power take-off shaft, the shaft, the conical surface of the rotor, the pipes supplying the nozzles, the second turbine form the turbine rotor, and the pipes intended for supplying the working fluid to the nozzles of the second turbine are made with helical cutting and mounted on the conical surface of the rotor along the rotation of the turbine rotor, the nozzles of the second turbine are rotatably fixed together with the turbine rotor.

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