RU2615189C1 - Kochetov acoustic cabin - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: acoustic cabin comprises a base, a frame, a life support equipment, window and door apertures and fences in the form of acoustic panels, ceiling part with lamps. The base is mounted on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators made in the form of rubber-cord casing. The cabin frame is rigidly fixed to it in the form of acoustic noise-attenuating panels made in the form of a parallelepiped, formed by front and rear walls of the panel, between which an acoustic absorber is placed. Each of the walls is U-shaped, wherein there is a slit perforation on the front wall, which perforation ratio is taken equal to or greater than 0.25. The front wall is formed with glazing made of noise-reflecting translucent panel, made in the form of a polyhedron, such as a rectangle, formed by U-shaped edges made of vibration cushioning material. Panel made of solid extruded polycarbonate plastic sheet is used as noise-reflecting translucent element. The rear wall lies in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall. Door is installed in one of the four side walls. Rear wall area is at least 2 times greater than the front wall area. The side walls adjacent to the front wall are inclined relative to it and to the glazing, while the side walls adjacent to the rear wall are perpendicular to it. The cabin is made airtight and is equipped with a life-support system in the form of artificial microclimate system with a remote control, for example in the form of cassette conditioner of General Climate company, as well as with a work space comprising a desk, a chair with vibration isolators in the form of elastomer plates attached to the chair legs and a hanger for clothing to change. "Vibroflex EP/25 A" or vibration cushioning plates of "VEP" type is used as elastomer. The cabin is provided with an acoustic absorber made in the form of a single-piece spherical sound absorber of active and reactive types, placed on a hard frame of spherical shape formed with an inner sperical resonance cavity congruent to the frame, formed by a rigid continuous spherical casing, equidistant to the outer perforated spherical casing. The space between the spherical casings is filled with sound-absorbing material. Connection of the outer perforated spherical casing with an object, such as the ceiling of the production area, is made by elastic-damping element which enables to damp high-frequency vibrations and which is pivotally connected to the suspension made in the form of a rod, one end of which is connected to a pivot mounted on the elastic-damping element, and the other end is connected to the ring intended for its fixation on the object. Spherical resonant cavity is rigidly connected to at least one sleeve with an axial bore, performing a function of Helmholtz resonator neck, to the outer perforated spherical casing, while the space between them is filled with a sound absorber.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve operator efficiency by reducing dust and noise levels.

10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to safe means of work.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is the operator’s cabin according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2420635, class. F01N 1/04, [prototype], comprising a base, frame, life support equipment, window and doorways and fences in the form of acoustic panels.

The disadvantage of the technical solution adopted as a prototype is the relatively low efficiency of sound attenuation due to the relatively low coefficient of sound absorption.

The technical result is an increase in operator efficiency by reducing dust and noise levels.

This is achieved by the fact that in the acoustic cabin containing the base, frame, life support equipment, window and door openings and fences in the form of acoustic panels, the base is mounted on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators made in the form of a rubber-cord shell, and the frame is rigidly fixed to it cabs in the form of acoustic sound-absorbing panels made in the form of a parallelepiped formed by the front and rear walls of the panel, between which a sound absorber is placed, and each of the walls has a U-shaped shape, and on the front wall there is a slit perforation, the perforation coefficient of which is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25, and the front wall is made with glazing made of a reflective translucent panel made in the form of a polygon, for example a rectangle formed by a U-shaped ribs made made of vibration damping material, and as a sound-reflecting translucent element, a panel of a continuous sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic, as well as a ceiling clock, is used te with lamps, a rear wall located in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall, and four side walls, in one of which a door is installed, while the area of the rear wall is at least 2 times the area of the front wall, and the side walls adjacent to the front wall, made inclined with respect to it and with glazing, and adjacent to the rear wall - perpendicular to it, and the cabin is sealed and equipped with a life support system in the form of an artificial microclimate system with a remote control control, as well as the workplace, which includes a work desk, a chair with vibration isolators in the form of plates of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, and a hanger for removable clothes, and the life support system is made in the form of an artificial microclimate system with a control panel, for example, in the form of a cassette General Climate air conditioner, and the operator’s workplace is equipped with a work desk and chair with vibration isolators in the form of elastomer plates attached to the legs of the chair, and the type of vibroflex EP / 25 A is used as an elastomer Whether "VEP" type vibration damping plate.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the operator’s cab operating in conditions of increased dust and high noise levels, FIG. 2 is a general view of an acoustic noise absorbing panel; in FIG. 3 is a general view of an acoustic noise-reflecting translucent panel of a glazing of a cabin; FIG. 4 is a general view of the cassette air conditioner; FIG. 5 is a general view of the operator’s chair; FIG. 6 is a characteristic of an elastomer of the type “vibroflex EP / 25A, in FIG. 7 is a general view of elastomeric vibration damping plates of the “VEP” type; FIG. 8 is a diagram of a noise absorber of an acoustic noise absorption panel; FIG. 9 is an embodiment of a sound absorber of an acoustic noise absorption panel; FIG. 10 is a diagram of a piece sound absorber.

The operator’s protective cabin contains a base 1 (Fig. 1) mounted on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators 5 made in the form of a rubber-cord casing. The cab frame is rigidly attached to the base, made in the form of a polygonal prism with ribs perpendicular to the base of the cab 1, and consisting of a front wall 2, with a glazing 4 made of a reflective translucent panel, ceiling part 3 with lights 12, and a rear wall 14 located in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall 2 and four side walls, one of which has a door 11. The area of the rear wall 14 is at least 2 times larger than the area of the front wall 2, and the side walls adjacent front wall, are inclined with respect thereto and with glazing and adjoining the rear wall - perpendicular thereto.

The cabin is sealed and equipped with a life support system in the form of an artificial microclimate system 13 with a control panel 9, as well as a workstation including a work desk 6, chair 7 with vibration isolators 8 in the form of plates made of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, and a hanger for removable clothes 10.

The cabin frame is made in the form of acoustic noise-absorbing panels (Fig. 2), the frame of which is made in the form of a parallelepiped formed by the front 15 and rear 16 panel walls, between which a noise absorber is placed, and each of the walls has a U-shaped shape, and on the front wall there is slotted perforations 17 and 18, the perforation coefficient of which is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25, and the panel walls are fixed between themselves by vibration damping covers 19, and mine plates are used as sound-absorbing material of the sound absorber 20 cial basalt wool on the basis of «Rockwool». For the rigidity of the carcass, side ribs 21 are provided on the walls 15 and 16. As a sound-absorbing material, layers of mineral wool of the URSA type, or basalt wool of the P-75 type, or glass wool coated with glass wool, or foamed polymer, for example polyethylene or polypropylene, can be used. moreover, the sound-absorbing element over its entire surface is lined with an acoustically transparent material, for example, fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden." As a sound-absorbing material of an acoustic sound-absorbing panel, plates based on aluminum-containing alloys are used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa , bending strength within 10 ... 20 MPa, and the front and rear walls of the frame are made of stainless steel or galvanized sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm with a protective and decorative polymer coating such as “Pural” with a thickness of 50 microns or “Polyester” thick another 25 microns, or an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a coating thickness of 25 microns, and the ratio of the height h of the frame to its width b is in the optimal ratio of values: h / b = 1.0 ... 2.0; and the ratio of the thickness s 'of the frame assembly to its width b is in the optimal ratio of values: s' / b = 0.1 ... 0.15; and the ratio of the thickness s of the sound-absorbing element to the thickness s 'of the frame assembly is in the optimal ratio of values: s / s' = 0.4 ... 1.0, and the vibration damping covers fixing the panel walls are made of elastomer, polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam, wood fibrous, wood-shaving material, or gypsum board, or elastic sheet vibration-absorbing material with an internal loss coefficient of at least 0.2, or a composite material, or plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim".

The glazing of the cabin is made in the form of a reflective translucent panel (Fig. 3), made in the form of a polygon, for example, a rectangle formed by a U-shaped ribs 22-25 made of vibration damping material, and a panel of a solid sheet 26 extruded is used as a reflective translucent element polycarbonate plastic, and the ratio of the length of the rectangle to its height is in the range from 2 to 3, and the ratio of the thickness of the continuous sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic to its the height is in the optimal range of values: 0.006 ... 0.008.2, and as a noise-reflecting translucent element, a panel of cellular sheet 27 of extruded polycarbonate plastic is used with the ratio of the length of the rectangle to its height being in the optimal ratio of values: 2.0 ... 3.0, and the ratio of thickness the cellular sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic to its height is in the optimal range of values: 0.016 ... 0.02, and the cell 28 of the cellular sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic is made in the form of a side surfaces of polyhedral rectangular prisms, for example, square or rectangular section, faces 29 or ribs of which are rigidly connected to each other and to continuous sheets of extruded polycarbonate plastic located on both sides of the cells.

The cassette air conditioner (Fig. 4) is mounted behind a suspended ceiling, which helps to save room space, it fits most organically into any cabin interior, since only the decorative panel of the indoor unit is visible, and the air from the cassette model of the air conditioner spreads along the ceiling in four uniform streams . The most effective can be applied cassette conditioner company General Climate type GC / GU-4C18HR.

The operator’s chair (Fig. 5) is made of metal and provides a high degree of comfort due to the ergonomic design, for example, metal chairs "Argumet" with dimensions, mm: overall height 1000; seat height 450; width 420; depth 480. The frame of the chair is made of a round pipe with a diameter of 22 mm; the lifting unit is made in the form of a gas lift (stroke - 130 mm); seat base: 3 mm metal plate, + 8 mm plywood, + 20 mm foam layer + leather / deputy. (black color); back base: 8 mm plywood, + foam layer 20 mm + leather / deputy. (black color); lower base of the chair: plastic five-beam; carcass coating: polymer powder; frame color RAL 5004 (black); load up to 100 kg.

As an elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, can be used "Vibroflex EP / 25 A" (Fig. 6), which is designed for a load of 25 kg The graph shows that it is most effective precisely at such a load. Acoustic material of a new generation is also effective - VEP type elastomeric vibration damping plates (TU 2534-001-32461352-2002) (Fig. 7), which provide a reduction of vibration levels from mechanisms and machines to 85%, in the range from 2 to 10000 Hz , and carry out the reduction of air, structural and impact noise by 17 ÷ 22 dB. VEP vibration damping plates are produced in the form of rolled material with a thickness of 4 mm, a width of 1200 mm, and also in the form of plates 700 × 700 mm with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm. The temperature range of the operation of the WEP is from minus 40 to plus 120 ° C. The service life of VEP plates is 50 years or more. Vibration damping plates undergo regular certification tests at the Research Institute of Construction Equipment. Technical details:

Elongation at break,% - at least 300; hardness according to Shore A, Ed Shore A - 45-75; rebound elasticity,% - no more than 15; dynamic modulus of elasticity (at a load of 5000 N / sq.m), MPa - 14-38; impact noise insulation improvement index, dB - 17-22; frequency range of operation, Hz - 2-10000; operating temperature range, ° С - -40 ... + 120; conditional tensile strength, MPa - not less than 8.0.

The sound absorber 20 of the acoustic noise absorption panel (Fig. 8) can be made in the form of rigid 30 and perforated 35 walls, between which are layers of sound-reflecting materials 31 and 34, as well as sound-absorbing 32 and 33 materials of different densities, located in two layers, the layers of sound-reflecting The material is made of a complex profile, consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedra, which allow reflecting sound waves incident in all directions, and which are located respectively at the rigid 30 and perforated there are 35 walls, and the perforated wall has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter - 3 ÷ 7 mm, perforation percentage 10% ÷ 15%, and the shape of the hole can be made in the form of holes of a round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond shape, with In the case of non-circular holes, the maximum diameter of a circle inscribed in a polygon should be considered as a conditional diameter.

The sound absorber can be made in the form of a sound-absorbing element (Fig. 9) in the form of smooth 30 and perforated 35 surfaces, between which is placed a sound-absorbing structure consisting of three layers of sound-absorbing material, while the first layer 36, which is more rigid, is solid and shaped and fixed on a smooth surface 30, the second layer 37, softer than the first, is intermittent and located at the focus of the sound-reflecting surfaces of the first layer 36.

The intermittent sound-absorbing layer 37 located in the focus of the continuous profiled layer 36 is made in the form of bodies of revolution, for example in the form of balls, ellipsoids of revolution, and is fastened using rods 39 (the cross-section with one rod 39 is shown in the drawing) parallel to smooth 30 and perforated 35 surfaces that are rigidly connected to the smooth surface 30 by means of vertical fastening elements perpendicular to them, for example in the form of plates 40, one end of which is rigidly fixed to the smooth surface 30, and the second is made in the form of uta covering the rod 39 and tightening the screw (not shown).

The continuous profiled layer 36 of the sound-absorbing element is made of a more rigid sound-absorbing material, in which the sound reflection coefficient is greater than the sound absorption coefficient, and the profiles 38 are formed by spherical surfaces interconnected in such a way that as a whole each of the profiles 38 forms a solid dome-shaped profile focusing reflected sound onto the same soft intermittent sound-absorbing layer 37.

The third layer 41 of the sound-absorbing element is made of foamed sound-absorbing material, for example, construction sealing foam, which increases the sound-insulating properties of the structure as a whole by filling in the voids formed by layers 30 and 35, and also increases the reliability of the structure as a whole when installed on equipment operating in conditions with increased shock and vibration loads. The third layer 41 is located between the first, more rigid layer 36, and the perforated surface 35 of the sound-absorbing element.

As a sound-absorbing material of the first, more rigid layer 36, a material based on aluminum-containing alloys was used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength in the range of 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foam aluminum.

As sound-absorbing material of the second, softer layer 37, rockwool-type mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool, or P-75-type basalt wool, or glass wool lined with glass wool or foamed polymer can be used, for example polyethylene or polypropylene.

The material of the perforated surface 35 can be made of solid, decorative vibration damping materials, for example, agate, anti-vibrate, and shvim plastic compounds, the inner surface of the perforated surface 35 facing the sound-absorbing structure, lined with an acoustically transparent material, such as fiberglass type EZ-100 or polymer type "Poviden."

Protective cab operator operates as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment located in the room where the cabin is installed, passing through the perforated wall, enters the layers of sound-absorbing material of the sound absorber 20. The transition of sound energy into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of the sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where energy losses occur due to friction, which oscillates with the frequency of excitation, of the mass of air in the mouth of the resonator against the wall of the mouth itself, which has the form of a branched In order to prevent the soft sound absorber from spilling out, fiberglass fabric is provided, for example, EZ-100 type, located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall. Dusty air from the equipment located in the room where the cabin is installed, passing through the life support system, acquires the properties corresponding to sanitary and hygienic workplace requirements.

Sound-absorbing element (Fig. 9) works as follows.

Sound energy, passing through a layer of a perforated surface 35 and a third layer 41 of a sound-absorbing element made of foamed sound-absorbing material, falls on an intermittent sound-absorbing layer 37 located at the focus of a continuous profiled layer 36, where the primary dissipation of sound energy occurs. Then, sound energy enters the continuous profiled layer 36 of sound-absorbing material formed by spherical surfaces forming a solid dome-shaped profile, and focusing the reflected sound onto a soft sound absorber 37. Here, the sound energy is converted into heat (dissipation, energy dissipation), i.e. in the pores of the sound absorber, representing the Helmholtz resonator model, there are energy losses due to friction, which fluctuates with the excitation frequency of the mass of air in the mouth of the resonator, against the wall of the neck itself, which has the form of a branched network of micropores of the sound absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated surface 35 is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25.

A piece spherical sound absorber (Fig. 10) contains a rigid frame made of a spherical shape with an internal congruent frame of a spherical resonant cavity 49 formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell 47, an equidistant external perforated spherical shell 45. The space 48 between the spherical shells 45 and 47 is filled with sound material, and the connection of the external perforated spherical shell 45 with the object, for example, the ceiling of the production room, is made by means of elastic damping element 46, allowing to dampen high frequency vibrations and pivotally connected to the suspension 43, formed as a rod having one end connected to a hinge 44 mounted on the elastic-damping member 46, and the other - is connected to the ring 42, intended for fixing it to the object. The spherical resonance cavity 49 is rigidly connected to at least one sleeve 50 with an axial bore that serves as the neck of the Helmholtz resonator, with an external perforated spherical shell 45, and the space 48 between them is filled with a sound absorber.

Sound waves propagating interact with a sound-absorbing material located in space 48 formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell 47, an equidistant external perforated spherical shell 45, suppressing noise at low, medium and high frequencies, respectively. The connection of the frame by means of an elastic damping element 46 allows you to damp high-frequency vibrations that can be emitted by a rigid frame, which allows it to be used to reduce noise on transport objects. Sound absorption at medium and high frequencies occurs due to the acoustic effect built on the principle of the Helmholtz resonator, formed by the air spherical cavity 49 and the mouth of the resonator 50, the diameter of which is selected in the required sound frequency range for damping noise in a given frequency band, as a rule: large volumes for noise suppression in the low-frequency range, and small - in the medium and high frequencies, moreover, the implementation of a sound absorber from non-combustible materials makes the design fireproof .

Claims (1)

An acoustic cabin containing a base, frame, life support equipment, window and doorways and fences in the form of acoustic panels, while the base is mounted on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators made in the form of a rubber-cord shell, and the cabin frame is rigidly fixed to it in the form of acoustic sound-absorbing panels made in the form of a parallelepiped formed by the front and rear walls of the panel, between which a sound absorber is placed, and each of the walls is U-shaped, moreover, on The front wall has slotted perforation, the perforation coefficient of which is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25, and the front wall is made with glazing made of a reflective translucent panel made in the form of a polygon, for example, a rectangle formed by a U-shaped ribs made of vibration-damping material, and as a noise-reflecting translucent element, a panel of a continuous sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic, as well as the ceiling part from the lamp, is used mi, a rear wall located in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall, and four side walls, in one of which a door is installed, while the area of the back wall is at least 2 times the area of the front wall, and the side walls adjacent to the front wall are made inclined with respect to it and with glazing, and adjacent to the rear wall - perpendicular to it, and the cabin is sealed and equipped with a life support system in the form of an artificial microclimate system with a control panel, for example measures in the form of a cassette air conditioner by General Climate, as well as a workplace that includes a work desk, a chair with vibration isolators in the form of plates of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, the type of vibroflex EP / 25 A or vibration damping plates being used as an elastomer type "VEP", and a hanger for removable clothes, while equipped with a sound absorber made in the form of a piece of spherical sound absorber of the active and reactive types, placed on a rigid frame made of a spherical shape with an internal congruent the framework of the spherical resonant cavity formed by a rigid continuous spherical shell, an equidistant external perforated spherical shell, the space between the spherical shells is filled with sound-absorbing material, and the connection of the external perforated spherical shell with an object, such as the ceiling of a production room, is made by means of an elasto-damping element that allows high-frequency damping to allow damping oscillations and pivotally connected to a suspension made in the form of erased a reaper, one end of which is connected to a hinge mounted on an elastic-damping element, and the other is connected to a ring designed to fix it on the object, and a spherical resonant cavity is rigidly connected to at least one sleeve with an axial hole that serves as the neck of the Helmholtz resonator, with an external perforated spherical shell, and the space between them is filled with a sound absorber.

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