RU2583446C1 - Operator cabin, operating in conditions of high dust content and high noise levels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safety systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to safe instruments of labor, in particular during operators activities in emergency situations. Operator's cabin, operating in conditions of high dust content and high levels of noise, comprises base, frame, life support equipment, window and door openings and enclosure in form of acoustic panels. Base is installed on at least three pneumatic bumpers made in form of rubber-cord shell. Cabin frame in form of acoustic noise-absorbing panels, ceiling part with luminaries, rear wall, located in plane parallel to plane of front wall, and four side walls, in one of which there is door is rigidly attached to it. Area of rear wall of at least in 2 times more than area of front wall. Side walls adjoining front wall are inclined relative to it and glazed, and walls adjacent to rear wall are perpendicular to it. Front wall has glazing composed of sound-reflecting transparent panel made in form of polygon, e.g. rectangle formed by U-shaped ribs made from vibration damping material. Panel from solid plate out of extruded polycarbonate plastic is used as the sound reflecting translucent element. Cabin is sealed and is equipped with life support system in form of artificial microclimate system with control board, as well as workstation including working table, chair with vibration isolators in form of plates from elastomer secured to chair legs, and hanger for replaceable clothes. Life support system is made in form of artificial microclimate system with control panel, for example, in form of cartridge conditioner produced by General Climate. Operator's workstation is equipped by a work table and a chair with vibration isolators in the form of elastomer plates attached to the chair legs. Elastomers used are "Vibroflex EP/25 A” type or "VEP" type vibration damping plates. Acoustic noise absorbing panel is made in form of parallelepiped formed by front and back panel walls, each of which has U-shape form. Slot perforation is made on the front wall and its perforation coefficient is equal to or exceeds 0.25. Walls are fixed to each other by vibration-damping covers. Or acoustic noise absorbing panel is made in form of sound-absorbing structure consisting of rigid and perforated walls, between which multilayer sound absorbing element is placed made in form of five layers, two of which, adjacent to walls are sound-absorbing layers from materials of different density, while three central layers are combined. Axial layer is made sound absorbing, and two symmetrical adjoining layers are made from sound reflecting material of complex profile composed of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedrons. Each of perforated walls has following perforation parameters: hole diameter is 3÷7 mm, perforation percentage is 10÷15 %. Sound-absorbing material used is in the form of Rockwool mineral wool boards on a basalt base or URSA mineral wool or P-75 basalt wool or glass wool lined with glass felt. Sound absorbing element on its entire surface is lined with acoustically transparent material, for example, EZ-100 glass cloth or “Poviden” type polymer.

EFFECT: invention increases efficiency of operator due to decreasing of dust and noise levels.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to safe means of work, in particular when operators work in emergency situations, accompanied by increased levels of dust and noise.

The closest technical solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is an acoustic cabin according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 138708 [prototype], containing a base, frame, life support equipment, window and doorways and fences in the form of acoustic panels.

The disadvantage of the technical solution adopted as a prototype is the relatively low efficiency of sound attenuation due to the relatively low coefficient of sound absorption.

The technical result is an increase in operator efficiency by reducing dust and noise levels.

This is achieved by the fact that in the operator’s cabin, operating in conditions of increased dust and high noise levels, containing a base, frame, life support equipment, window and door openings and fences in the form of acoustic panels, the base is installed on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators made in a rubber-cord shell, and the cab frame is rigidly fixed to it, made in the form of a polygonal prism with ribs perpendicular to the base of the cab, and consisting of a front wall with glazing, made of a noise-reflecting translucent panel, a ceiling part with lamps, a rear wall located in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall, and four side walls, in one of which a door is installed, while the area of the rear wall is at least 2 times the area of the front wall and the side walls adjacent to the front wall are made inclined with respect to it and with glazing, and adjacent to the rear wall are perpendicular to it, and the cabin is sealed and equipped with a life-saving system especheniya as artificial climate control system and workstation comprising a desk, a chair with vibration isolators in the form of elastomer plates that are attached to the legs of a chair and clothes hanger for replacement.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the operator’s cab operating in conditions of increased dust and high noise levels, FIG. 2 is a general view of an acoustic noise absorbing panel; in FIG. 3 is a general view of an acoustic noise-reflecting translucent panel of a glazing of a cabin; FIG. 4 is a general view of the cassette air conditioner, in FIG. 5 is a general view of the operator’s chair; FIG. 6 is a characteristic of an elastomer of the type “vibroflex EP / 25A, in FIG. 7 is a general view of elastomeric vibration damping plates of the “VEP” type; FIG. 8 is an embodiment of an acoustic noise absorbing panel for cladding an operator’s cabin.

The operator’s cab, operating in conditions of increased dust content and high noise levels, contains a base 1 (Fig. 1) mounted on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators 5 made in the form of a rubber-cord casing. The cab frame is rigidly attached to the base, made in the form of a polygonal prism with ribs perpendicular to the base of the cab, and consisting of a front wall 2 with glazing 4 made of a reflective translucent panel, ceiling part 3 with lights 12, a rear wall 14 located in the plane parallel to the plane of the front wall 2, and four side walls, one of which has a door 11. In this case, the area of the rear wall 14 is at least 2 times larger than the area of the front wall 2, and the side walls adjacent to the front wall, made inclined with respect to it and with glazing, and adjacent to the rear wall - perpendicular to it.

The cabin is sealed and equipped with a life support system in the form of an artificial microclimate system 13 with a control panel 9, as well as a workstation including a work desk 6, chair 7 with vibration isolators 8 in the form of plates made of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, and a hanger for removable clothes 10.

The cabin frame is made in the form of acoustic noise-absorbing panels (Fig. 2), the frame of which is made in the form of a parallelepiped formed by the front 15 and rear 16 panel walls, each of which has a U-shape, with slotted perforations 17 and 18 on the front wall, the perforation coefficient of which is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25, and the panel walls are fixed between themselves by vibration damping covers 19, and basaltic mineral wool boards are used as sound-absorbing material 20 of the sound-absorbing element Rockwool type ove. For the rigidity of the carcass, side ribs 21 are provided on the walls 15 and 16. As a sound-absorbing material, layers of mineral wool of the URSA type, or basalt wool of the P-75 type, or glass wool coated with glass wool, or foamed polymer, for example polyethylene or polypropylene, can be used. moreover, the sound-absorbing element over its entire surface is lined with an acoustically transparent material, for example, fiberglass type E3-100 or polymer type "Poviden." As a sound-absorbing material of an acoustic sound-absorbing panel, plates based on aluminum-containing alloys are used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa , bending strength within 10 ... 20 MPa, and the front and rear walls of the frame are made of stainless steel or galvanized sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm with a protective and decorative polymer coating such as “Pural” with a thickness of 50 μm, or “Polyester” then schinoy 25 microns, or aluminum sheet 1.0 mm thick and the coating thickness of 25 microns, the ratio of the height h carcass to its width b is in the optimum ratio values: h / b = 1.0 ... 2.0; and the ratio of the thickness s 'of the frame assembly to its width b is in the optimal ratio of values: s' / b = 0.1 ... 0.15; and the ratio of the thickness s of the sound-absorbing element to the thickness s 'of the frame assembly is in the optimal ratio of values: s / s' = 0.4 ... 1.0, and the vibration damping covers, the fixing walls of the panel are made of elastomer, polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam, wood-fiber , wood-shaving material, or gypsum-asphalt board, or elastic sheet, vibration-absorbing material with an internal loss coefficient of at least 0.2, or a composite material, or plastic compound such as "Agate", "Anti-Vibrate", "Shvim".

The glazing of the cabin is made in the form of a reflective translucent panel (Fig. 3), made in the form of a polygon, for example, a rectangle formed by a U-shaped ribs 22-25 made of vibration damping material, and a panel of a solid sheet 26 extruded is used as a reflective translucent element polycarbonate plastic, and the ratio of the length of the rectangle to its height is in the range from 2 to 3, and the ratio of the thickness of the continuous sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic to its the height is in the optimal range of values: 0.006 ... 0.008.2, and as a noise-reflecting translucent element, a panel of cellular sheet 27 of extruded polycarbonate plastic is used with the ratio of the length of the rectangle to its height, which is in the optimal ratio of values: 2.0 ... 3.0, and the ratio the thickness of the cellular sheet of the extruded polycarbonate plastic to its height is in the optimal range of values: 0.016 ... 0.02, and the cell 28 of the cellular sheet of the extruded polycarbonate plastic is made in the form of sides O polyhedral surfaces of rectangular prisms, for example of square or rectangular cross-section, the edges or ribs 29 which are rigidly interconnected and with solid extruded polycarbonate plastic sheets arranged on both sides of the cell.

The cassette air conditioner (Fig. 4) is mounted behind a suspended ceiling, which helps to save room space, it fits most organically into any cabin interior, since only the decorative panel of the indoor unit is visible, and the air from the cassette model of the air conditioner spreads along the ceiling in four uniform streams . The most effective can be applied cassette conditioner company General Climate type GC / GU-4C18HR.

The operator’s chair (Fig. 5) is made of metal and provides a high degree of comfort due to the ergonomic design, for example, metal chairs "Argumet" with dimensions, mm: overall height 1000; seat height 450; width 420; depth 480. The frame of the chair is made of a round pipe with a diameter of 22 mm; the lifting unit is made in the form of a gas lift (stroke - 130 mm); seat base: metal plate 3 mm + plywood 8 mm + foam layer 20 mm + leather / deputy (black color); back base: plywood 8 mm + foam layer 20 mm + leather / deputy (black color); lower base of the chair: plastic five-beam; carcass coating: polymer powder; frame color RAL 5004 (black); load up to 100 kg.

As an elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, can be used "Vibroflex EP / 25 A" (Fig. 6), which is designed for a load of 25 kg The graph shows that it is most effective precisely at such a load. Acoustic material of a new generation is also effective - VEP type elastomeric vibration damping plates (TU 2534-001-32461352-2002) (Fig. 7), which provide a reduction of vibration levels from mechanisms and machines to 85%, in the range from 2 to 10000 Hz , and carry out the reduction of air, structural and impact noise by 17 ÷ 22 dB. VEP vibration damping plates are produced in the form of rolled material with a thickness of 4 mm, a width of 1200 mm, and also in the form of plates 700 × 700 mm with a thickness of 10 mm and 20 mm. The temperature range of the WEP operation is from minus 40 to plus 120 ° C. The service life of VEP plates is 50 years or more. Vibration damping plates undergo regular certification tests at the Research Institute of Construction Equipment. Technical details:

Elongation at break,%, - at least 300; hardness according to Shore A, Ed Shore A, - 45-75; bounce elasticity,%, - no more than 15; dynamic modulus of elasticity (at a load of 5000 N / sq.m), MPa, - 14-38; impact noise insulation improvement index, dB, - 17-22; frequency range of operation, Hz, - 2-10000; operating temperature range, ° С, - -40 ... + 120; tensile strength at break, MPa, - not less than 8.0.

A variant of the acoustic sound-absorbing panel for cladding the operator's cabin, made in the form of a sound-absorbing structure (Fig. 8).

The sound-absorbing structure (Fig. 8) is made in the form of a smooth, rigid wall 30 and a perforated wall 36, between which there is a multilayer sound-absorbing element made in the form of five layers, two of which adjacent to the walls 30 and 36 are sound-absorbing layers 31 and 35 of materials of different densities, and the three central layers 32, 33, 34 are combined, and the axial layer 33 is made sound-absorbing, and two symmetrically located and adjacent layers 32 and 34 are made of sound-reflecting material, complex A consisting of uniformly distributed hollow tetrahedrons, permitting the reflection of falling in all directions the sound waves. The perforated wall 36 has the following perforation parameters: the diameter of the holes 3 ÷ 7 mm, the percentage of perforation 10% ÷ 15%, and the shape of the holes can be made in the form of holes of a round, triangular, square, rectangular or diamond shape, while in the case of non-circular holes as the conditional diameter should be considered the maximum diameter of the circle inscribed in the polygon.

Each of the walls 30 and 36 can be made of structural materials, with a layer of soft vibration-damping material, for example, VD-17 mastic or “Gerlen-D” type material, applied on one or two sides of the material, and the ratio between the thicknesses of the material and vibration-damping coating lies in the optimal range of values: 1 / (2.5 ... 3.5).

Each of the walls 30 and 36 can be made of stainless steel or galvanized sheet with a thickness of 0.7 mm with a polymer protective and decorative coating of the Pural type with a thickness of 50 microns, or Polyester with a thickness of 25 microns, or an aluminum sheet with a thickness of 1.0 mm and a coating thickness of 25 microns. The perforation coefficient of perforated sheets is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25.

Each of the walls 30 and 36 can be made of solid, decorative vibration damping materials, such as plastic compounds such as Agate, Anti-Vibrate, Shvim, with the inner surface of the perforated surface facing the sound-absorbing structure, lined with an acoustically transparent material, such as fiberglass type E3-100, or a polymer of the "Poviden" type, or nonwoven materials, for example Lutrasil.

As the material of the sound-reflecting layers 32 and 34, a material based on aluminum-containing alloys can be used, followed by filling them with titanium hydride or air with a density in the range of 0.5 ... 0.9 kg / m ³ with the following strength properties: compressive strength in the range of 5 ... 10 MPa, bending strength in the range of 10 ... 20 MPa, for example foam aluminum, or soundproofing boards based on glass staple fiber of the Shumostop type with a material density of 60 ÷ 80 kg / m ^{3 were used} .

As sound-absorbing material of layers 31, 33 and 35, rockwool-type mineral wool or URSA-type mineral wool, or P-75-type basalt wool, or glass wool with glass fiber lining, or foamed polymer, for example, can be used. polyethylene or polypropylene. Moreover, the sound-absorbing material is lined with an acoustically transparent material over its entire surface, for example, E3-100 fiberglass or “Poviden” polymer, or the surface of the fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous paints that allow air to pass through (for example, Acutex T), or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials e.g. Lutrasil. In addition, as the sound-absorbing material of layers 2 and 4, a porous sound-absorbing material, for example, foam aluminum, or cermet, or a rock shell with a degree of porosity in the range of optimal values: 30–45%, or metal foam, or in the form of pressed crumbs from solid vibration-damping materials, for example elastomer, polyurethane, or plastic compound like “Agate”, “Anti-vibration”, “Shvim”, and the size of the fractions of the crumbs lies in the optimal range of values: 0.3 ... 2.5 mm, and I can also porous mineral piece materials, for example pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slag with cement or other binder, or synthetic fibers, or the surface of the fibrous sound absorbers are treated with special porous airborne paints such as Acutex T or coated with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials e.g. Lutrasil.

To reduce or correct the reverberation time of premises, sound-absorbing materials and structures (sound absorbers) are used in its decoration.

Porous sound absorbers are made in the form of plates that are attached to the enclosing surfaces directly or on the basis of light and porous mineral piece materials - pumice, vermiculite, kaolin, slag, etc. with cement or other binder. Such materials are strong enough and can be used to reduce noise in corridors, foyers, staircases of public and industrial buildings.

The raw materials for their production are wood fibers, mineral wool, glass wool, synthetic fibers. The surface of the fibrous sound absorbers is treated with special porous paints that allow air to pass through (for example, Acutex T), or covered with breathable fabrics or non-woven materials, such as Lutrasil.

Currently, fibrous sound absorbers are the most common in construction practice. They not only proved to be the most effective from an acoustic point of view in a wide frequency range, but also meet the increased requirements for room design.

The operator’s cab, working in conditions of increased dust and high noise levels, operates as follows.

Sound energy from the equipment located in the room where the cabin is installed, passing through the perforated wall 15, enters the layers of sound-absorbing material 20 (which can be either soft, for example from basalt or glass fiber, or hard, for example, such as Akmigran and t .P.). The transition of sound energy into thermal energy (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of a sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where energy losses occur due to friction of the mass of air in the cavity of the resonator, which vibrates with the excitation frequency, against the wall of the neck itself, which has the form of a branched network pore absorber. The perforation coefficient of the perforated wall 15 is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25. To prevent the soft sound absorber from spilling out, a fiberglass fabric is provided, for example, type E3-100, located between the sound absorber and the perforated wall 15. Dusty air from the equipment located in the room where the cabin is installed, passing through the life support system 13, acquires properties that meet sanitary and hygienic requirements for workplaces.

Sound-absorbing design works as follows.

Sound energy from equipment located in the room, or another object that emits intense noise, passing through the perforated wall 36, enters the layer 35 of soft sound-absorbing material, and then encounters layers 34, 33 and 32 of complex reflective material, respectively, on its way profile, consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedra, allowing to reflect sound waves incident in all directions, but part of the sound energy passes through layers 32 and 34 of sound-reflecting material and interactions interacts with the axial layer 33 of sound-absorbing material, where the final dissipation of sound energy occurs.

Layers 31 and 35 of soft sound-absorbing material of different densities can be made, for example, of basalt or glass fiber. In fibrous absorbers, the dissipation of the energy of air vibrations and its transformation into heat occurs at several physical levels. Firstly, due to the viscosity of the air, and there is a lot of it in the interfiber space, the oscillation of air particles inside the absorber leads to friction. The transition of sound energy into thermal energy (dissipation, energy dissipation) occurs in the pores of a sound absorber, which are a model of Helmholtz resonators, where energy losses occur due to friction of the mass of air in the cavity of the resonator, which vibrates with the excitation frequency, against the wall of the neck itself, which has the form of a branched network pore absorber. In addition, there is air friction on the fibers, the surface of which is also large. Thirdly, the fibers rub against each other and, finally, energy dissipation occurs due to the friction of the crystals of the fibers themselves. This explains that at medium and high frequencies the sound absorption coefficient of fibrous materials is in the range of 0.4 ... 1.0.

Claims (1)

An operator’s cabin operating in conditions of increased dust and high noise levels, containing a base, frame, life support equipment, window and door openings and fences in the form of acoustic panels, the base being installed on at least three pneumatic vibration isolators made in the form of a rubber-cord sheath, and the frame of the cabin is rigidly fixed to it in the form of acoustic noise-absorbing panels, a ceiling part with lamps, a rear wall located in a plane parallel to the plane of the front wall nki, and four side walls, in one of which a door is installed, the area of the back wall at least 2 times the area of the front wall, and the side walls adjacent to the front wall are made inclined with respect to it and with glazing, and adjacent to the rear wall - perpendicular to it, and the front wall is made with glazing made of a reflective translucent panel made in the form of a polygon, for example, a rectangle formed by a U-shaped ribs made of vibrodem material, and as a reflective translucent element, a panel is made of a continuous sheet of extruded polycarbonate plastic, and the cabin is sealed and equipped with a life support system in the form of an artificial microclimate system with a control panel, as well as a workstation that includes a work desk, a chair with vibration isolators in in the form of plates of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, and a hanger for interchangeable clothes, the life support system is made in the form of an artificial microclimate with a control panel, for example, in the form of a cassette air conditioner from General Climate, the operator’s workplace is equipped with a work desk and a chair with vibration isolators in the form of plates of elastomer attached to the legs of the chair, and the type of vibroflex EP / 25 A is used as an elastomer or VEP type vibration damping plates, characterized in that the acoustic noise-absorbing panel is made in the form of a parallelepiped formed by the front and rear walls of the panel, each of which has a U-shape, and on the front There is slotted perforation in the wall, the perforation coefficient of which is taken to be equal to or more than 0.25, the walls are fixed between each other by vibration damping covers, or the acoustic sound-absorbing panel is made in the form of a sound-absorbing structure consisting of a rigid and perforated wall, between which there is a multilayer sound-absorbing element made in the form of five layers, two of which adjacent to the walls are sound-absorbing layers of materials of different densities, and the three central layers are combinations the axial layer is made sound-absorbing, and two symmetrically located adjacent layers are made of sound-reflecting material of a complex profile, consisting of evenly distributed hollow tetrahedrons, each of the perforated walls has the following perforation parameters: hole diameter 3 ÷ 7 mm, perforation percentage 10 % ÷ 15%, and as sound-absorbing material, slabs made of rockwool basalt-based rockwool type, or URSA-type mineral wool, or P-75 basalt wool, or glass are used as sound-absorbing material. wool lined steklovoylokom, wherein the sound-absorbing element over its entire surface is lined with an acoustically transparent material, such as fiberglass-type EG-100 or a polymer type "Poviden".

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