RU2604098C1 - Method for construction of underground multistorey buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction, specifically to methods of erection of multi-storey underground structures of different purpose by open method, and can be used in industrial construction. Method for construction of underground multi-storey building includes erection of frame structure and installation of pile supports, successive concreting on soil surface of intermediate floors, suspension floors to head parts of supports, development of trench by soil excavation under covering, further lowering of floors along supports throughout height of trench to a height, which corresponds to one phase ground excavation, and fixation of floors on supports. First, along outline of future concrete wall are installed separately standing vertical bored piles-supports, which are then fixed in upper part by horizontal cross-beams to form a frame, and electrohydraulic jacks are installed on them between piles. On soil surface, concreting is carried out in steps at two overlapping in form of round plates along outline of future concrete wall vertical and horizontal formwork, reinforced crossbars, to which there are steel rods, for concreting walls, which is performed by dropping concrete. Between formed concrete wall and fixed stiffeners retained by screw piles, to a concrete wall is suspended gas-inflated rubber-steel cushions with rollers to facilitate sliding down concrete walls, removing soil under formed plates covering, lowering using electrohydraulic jacks. Space between upper and second plate under it is filled with armoured metal hollow spheres, in some of which air is pumped at maximum possible pressure, and in other part a vacuum is created. Lowering of plate and lowering of concrete to form a concrete wall is performed simultaneously. Wall formed after soil excavation at an angle of 25-30° to horizontal is drilled with intended for fastening of steel reinforcement ribs, additional boards metal screw piles, which are additional, have length of 5-10 m and are made with through lengthwise holes for injection under pressure of concrete mix after their connection to each other.

EFFECT: technical result consists in simplification of method while providing its safety.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of erecting multi-story underground structures for various purposes in an open way, and can be used in industrial construction.

A known method of building a multi-story underground structure with the simultaneous development of the pit, described in s. EPO No. 0560660, IPC E02D 29/04, 1993.

The known method includes preparatory work, in which a wall enclosing the perimeter of an underground structure along the entire height of the structure is made in the soil, creating an upper floor at a mark close to the mark of the daily surface of the soil, and the subsequent phased development of the pit, in which at each stage, except for the final, under the created overlying floor with the help of earth moving and transporting means, a pit is developed to a depth below the next underlying floor floor, erecting to orogo complete this step. The method provides for successive top-down execution of interfloor ceilings of large reinforced concrete slabs, each of which is cast at a predetermined level of the location of the corresponding floor in the formwork placed inside the building under construction, and then the manufactured slab is installed by simple horizontal movement along consoles previously made on one opposite the other internal surfaces of longitudinal parallel parts of the wall enclosing the underground structure.

The above-described known method is convenient for the construction of narrow, long underground structures, the inter-wall span of which can be covered with one slab, but it is practically not suitable for the construction of underground structures with a significant width. The manufacture of floor slabs inside the building under construction eliminates the laborious operations of transporting the slabs inside the structure, however, it leads to an increase in the construction time due to the fact that the manufactured slab can be removed from the formwork, moved along the consoles and put into place in the erected floor only after the concrete slab reaches necessary strength.

A known method of construction of multi-storey underground structures described in p. Germany No. 2540330, IPC E02D 29/04, 1976 and selected as a prototype.

The known method includes the construction of the building frame and the installation of pile supports, concreting on the ground surface of the lower interfloor overlap with the formation of holes in it for the free passage of the supports, subsequent concreting of the second and other upper floors, and the formation of a stack of floors from them, suspension of the stack of floors to the head parts of the supports, the development of the pit by excavating under the bottom floor of the stack in one or more stages, and the subsequent lowering of the stack of floors along then the entire height of the pit or the height of which corresponds to one stage of excavation and fastening slabs on the supports.

This method is quite industrial and highly productive, however, it is technologically complicated and leads to higher construction costs, since it requires high precision manufacturing and frame rigidity to absorb the pressure of the surrounding rock mass. The disadvantage of this method also lies in the need to develop special devices that ensure reliable suspension of the stack of floors on the supports in the upper and intermediate positions during the phased excavation during excavation. In addition, the development of soil under a temporarily suspended stack of floors is an operation with an increased risk of work.

The objective is to simplify the method while ensuring its safety.

The problem is solved in that in the method of constructing an underground multi-story structure, including erecting a structure framework and installing pile supports, sequential concreting on the surface of the ground between the floors, suspension of the ceilings to the head parts of the supports, excavation by excavation under the overlap, subsequent lowering of the ceilings along the supports to the entire height of the pit to a height that corresponds to one stage of excavation, and fixing the ceilings on the supports, ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION, first, along the contour of the future concrete wall, freestanding vertical bored piles are installed, which are then fastened in the upper part with horizontal crossbars-beams, forming a frame, and electrohydraulic jacks are installed between the piles on them, then on the surface of the ground are concreted in stages two round ceilings in the form of round slabs, along the contour of the future concrete wall, a vertical and horizontal formwork is installed, reinforced with crossbars, to which steel rods are fixed, for concrete wall, which produced by the method of falling concrete, between the formed concrete wall and the fixed stiffeners held by screw piles, rubber-steel cushions pumped with gas are hung with rollers to facilitate sliding down the concrete wall, the soil is removed under the formed floor slabs, they are lowered using electro-hydraulic jacks, while the space between the top and the second plate below it is filled with armored metal hollow balls, some of which are pumped under the maximum possible pressure we take air, and in another part of them a vacuum is created, lowering the slab and lowering the concrete to form a concrete wall is carried out simultaneously, a vertical wall formed after excavation at an angle of 25-30 ° to the horizontal is drilled with metal screw screws for fixing steel stiffeners and steel shields piles, which are additional, have a length of 5-10 m and are made with through longitudinal holes for injection into them under pressure of the concrete mixture after they are connected to each other.

First, the installation along the contour of the future concrete wall of stand-alone vertical bored piles-supports, then fastened in the upper part with horizontal crossbars-beams to form the carcass, and installation on them between piles of electro-hydraulic jacks in conjunction with subsequent concreting on the soil surface, in stages, two floors in the form round slabs and installation along the contour of the future concrete wall of vertical and horizontal formwork, reinforced with crossbars, to which steel rods are fixed, for concrete the wall, which is produced by the method of falling concrete, between the formed concrete wall and fixed stiffeners held by screw piles, and in conjunction with the hanging of gas-filled rubber-steel cushions with rollers to facilitate sliding down the concrete wall, excavation under the formed floor slabs, lowering them using electro-hydraulic jacks simplifies the construction technology. In this case, filling the space between the upper and the second slab under it with armored metal hollow balls, some of which are pumped under the maximum possible pressure, and a vacuum is created in the other part of them, together with simultaneously lowering the slab and lowering the concrete to form a concrete wall, fixing steel stiffeners, steel panels and pillows on the wall formed after excavation at an angle of 25-30 ° to the horizontal with metal screw piles, which are additional, have a length of 5-10 m and made with through longitudinal holes for injection into them under pressure of the concrete mixture after they are connected to each other, together provide an increase in the safety of construction.

The technical result is to simplify the construction while increasing its safety.

The inventive method for the construction of an underground multi-story building has a novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing from it by such significant features as the first installation of separate vertical bored piles along the contour of the future concrete wall, their subsequent fastening in the upper part with horizontal crossbars-beams with the formation of a frame, installation on them between piles of electro-hydraulic jacks, then phased concreting on the soil surface, two floors in the form of round slabs, and along the contour of the future concrete wall of vertical and horizontal formwork, reinforced with crossbars, to which steel rods are fixed, for concreting the wall, which is produced by the method of lowering concrete, hanging between the formed concrete wall and the fixed stiffeners, held by screw piles, pumped with gas rubber-steel pillows with rollers to facilitate sliding down the concrete wall, excavation under formed floor slabs, lowering them with electro-hydraulic jacks, filling in this case, the space between the top and the second plate is formed by armored metal hollow balls, some of which are pumped under the maximum possible pressure, and a vacuum is created in another part of them, simultaneous lowering of the plate and lowering of concrete to form a concrete wall, drilling formed after excavation walls at an angle of 25-30 ° to the horizontal intended for fixing concrete stiffeners and steel shields with metal screw piles, which are additional, have a length of 5-10 m and are made with through longitudinal holes for injection into them under pressure of the concrete mixture after they are connected to each other, which together ensure the achievement of a given result.

The applicant is not aware of technical solutions that have the indicated distinctive essential features that together ensure the achievement of the specified result, therefore, he considers that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The inventive method of construction of an underground multi-story building can be widely used in industrial construction, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which are presented in:

- FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view of the floors of an underground multi-story structure under construction with bored piles and floor slabs;

- FIG. 2 is a top view of a floor slab with a partial horizontal section.

A method of constructing an underground multi-story structure is as follows.

First, along the contour of the future concrete wall, freestanding vertical bored piles are installed, which are then fastened in the upper part with horizontal crossbars-beams, forming a frame. Then, electrohydraulic jacks are installed between the piles. Next, sequential concreting is carried out on the surface of the ground between the floors, concreting stepwise two floors in the form of round slabs. On the contour of the future concrete wall, a vertical and horizontal formwork is installed, reinforced with crossbars, to which steel rods are fixed. Concreting the walls is done by the method of falling concrete. Between the formed concrete wall and the fixed stiffening ribs held by the screw piles, rubber-rubber cushions with rollers are mounted with gas to inflate to facilitate sliding down the concrete wall. They take out the soil under the formed floor slabs and lower them using electro-hydraulic jacks. Lowering the slab and lowering the concrete to form a concrete wall is carried out simultaneously. In this case, the space between the upper and the second plate under it is filled with armored metal hollow balls, some of which are pumped under the maximum possible pressure, and in another part of them a vacuum is created. A wall formed after excavation at an angle of 25-30 ° to the horizontal is drilled with metal screw piles designed to fix steel stiffeners and steel shields, which are additional, have a length of 5-10 m and are made with through longitudinal holes for injection into them under concrete pressure mixtures after their connection with each other.

In practice, the method of constructing an underground multi-story structure is as follows.

1. On an area of 1 hectare 100 × 100 m in size, a horizontal layout is made with backfilling with incompressible soil.

2. In the diameter of 30 m, 20 m, 10 m, vertical wells are drilled with a diameter of up to 1 m to a depth of 60 m, which are lined with steel pipes, reinforced and concreted with high-strength concrete. These piles will be columns 1 of the frame of the future underground complex.

In the diameter of 29 m, on a horizontal prepared site, round slabs 2 are reinforced and concrete 2 slabs with a diameter of 29 m, with a thickness of 500-1000 mm - in stages, two slabs 2 are stacked on top of each other, which will later be lowered and will be a floor overlap of the underground complex. Electrohydraulic jacks 3 are installed on top of the columns 1, which will later be mechanisms for lowering the floor slabs 2 down to a depth of 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 40, 50 m below the surface of the earth.

3. For a diameter of 30 m along the columns 1, vertical formwork 4 for walls 1 m thick is installed, the formwork height is 1-1.5 m with a deviation from the vertical of 1-5 degrees to reduce adhesion friction when lowering concrete walls 5 down. A horizontal formwork 6 is installed, reinforced with crossbars 7, to which steel rods 8 are fixed with a diameter of up to 100 mm. They hold the concrete wall 5 between the columns 1 when lowering the electro-hydraulic jacks 3 floor to depth.

Concreting takes place by the method of dropping concrete in layers 30–40 cm thick. The layer gains minimal strength for non-destruction when the wall is lowered (method of dropping concrete). The method of falling concrete is as follows (see c.No. 2014139756 for an invention with a priority of September 30, 2014, according to which there is a decision to grant a patent). Equip the formwork with movable elements from vertical and horizontal elements. At the same time, a film is placed on the inner side of the vertical deck with the possibility of its vertical movement. As a movable element in the formwork, a horizontal deck is used, which is initially located 20-30 cm below the top of the vertical deck. Reinforcing frames are installed in the inner deck space with a frequency of horizontal grids equal to the number of stacked layers. Concrete is laid by filling the formwork alternately with several layers of concrete mixture to a height equal to part of the height of the formwork, with the upper level of the mixture being laid below the top of the formwork. After laying the first layer of concrete with a thickness of 20-30 cm on a horizontal deck, it is lowered, holding the upper part of the concrete layer with horizontal reinforcement from separation from the total mass of concrete. Then they begin to lay the second layer of concrete, lowering the horizontal deck down at a speed of 0.1-0.5 cm / min for concrete to set the minimum strength of concrete and compact it, while the film inside the vertical formwork moves down along with the concrete. After lowering the second layer to a depth of 40-60 cm, and the first layer to a depth of 60-90 cm, lay the next concrete layer and again begin to lower the horizontal deck at the same speed to gain strength and compact this layer. In this case, the first layer, having gained the necessary density, leaves the lower boundaries of the formwork, forming a monolithic element of the wall or column of the wall.

The formwork for concreting is prepared as follows.

The formwork system consists of two vertical decks (hereinafter referred to as the “vertical deck”) with a minimum slope of 1-5 ° from the vertical. The vertical decks are motionless, the horizontal deck located between them lowers or rises under the influence of electrohydromechanisms. The horizontal deck is connected to the electro-hydraulic mechanism via a metal rod. Two vertical decks and a horizontal deck between them form an internal deck space for laying concrete.

The reinforcing cage includes horizontal meshes according to the number of concrete layers and vertical rods (the description of the formwork is taken from the description to s. No. 2014139756).

As a result, the concrete wall 5, in steps or at a speed of 30-40 cm / h, falls to a depth of 50-55 m. Between the vertical concrete wall 5 and the fixed stiffeners 8 of the stiffness, rubber-steel "pillows" 9 with rollers are hung on the wall 5 slip down. "Pillows" 9 are pumped with gas during soil vibration; with an artificial increase in temperature, the gas increases in volume. In this case, the seismic effect on the concrete shell 5 is absorbed and the soil is additionally kept from collapsing.

4. After the floor slabs 2 have gained strength, the soil is removed mechanically below them to a depth of 10-50 m. The pit walls are drilled at an angle of 25-30 ° from the horizon with metal screw piles 10, which are additional, 5-10 m long the depth of the soil wall is 30-50 m. Inside the pile 10 along the entire length there is a through passage with a diameter of 50 mm into which, after connecting the parts of the screw pile 10, the concrete mixture is pumped under pressure.

In the threaded sections of the face of the screw pile 10 there is a hole for the exit of the concrete mixture, which forms a concrete “anchor” in the soil and around the face for better fixing the pile in the soil. Piles 10 fasten concrete stiffening ribs 11 and steel panels 12 for non-collapse during excavation and concreting of the external wall 5.

Floor slab 2 and wall 5 (beginning of wall 5) are lowered simultaneously, subsequent floor slabs 2 _{1 are} lowered after the overlying slab 2 _{0 is} concreted and the underlying slab 2 ₂ reaches a depth of 10 m. As a result, the floor slab 2 is fixed on columns 1 and on concrete wall 5 at the marks - 10 m, - 20 m, - 30 m, - 40 m, - 50 m. The upper slab 2 _{0 is} concreted with a thickness of 2.5-3 m.

5. Between the top plate 2 ₀ and the second plate 2 ₁ at a depth of 10 m the space is filled with armored metal balls 13 hollow inside with a diameter of 200-300 mm. Inside one of the balls 13, gas is pumped under the maximum possible pressure, which expands with a possible exit and increases the exit pressure of the jet; inside other balls 13, a maximum vacuum is created for the possible energy of destruction, which will be drawn into the ball when the wall 5 is violated.

In comparison with the prototype of the inventive method of construction is simpler and less dangerous.

Claims (1)

A method of constructing an underground multi-story structure, including erecting a structure framework and installing pile supports, sequential concreting on the ground surface of floor floors, suspending the ceilings to the head parts of the supports, developing a pit by excavating the soil under the ceiling, and then lowering the ceilings along the supports to the entire height of the excavation pit, which corresponds to one stage of excavation, and fixing the ceilings on the supports, characterized in that at first along the contour of the future concrete walls We install freestanding vertical bored piles, which are then fastened in the upper part with horizontal beams-beams, forming a frame, and electro-hydraulic jacks are installed between the piles, then two ceilings are concreted on the ground surface in the form of round slabs along the contour of the future a concrete wall is installed vertical and horizontal formwork, reinforced with crossbars, to which steel rods are fixed, for concreting the wall, which is produced by the method of lowering concrete , between the formed concrete wall and the fixed stiffeners held by screw piles, rubber-rubber cushions with rollers are hung on the concrete wall with rollers to facilitate sliding down the concrete wall, the soil is removed under the formed slabs, they are lowered using electro-hydraulic jacks, while the space between the top and the second plate under it is filled with armored metal hollow balls, some of which are pumped under the maximum possible pressure, air, and in another They were created by vacuum, lowering the slab and lowering the concrete to form a concrete wall is carried out simultaneously, a wall formed after excavation at an angle of 25-30 ° to the horizontal is drilled to fix steel stiffeners, additional shields with metal screw piles, which are additional, have 5-10 m long and made with through longitudinal holes for injection into them under pressure of the concrete mixture after they are connected to each other.

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