RU2220258C1 - Process of erection of multilevel underground structure ( variants ) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry, erection of multistory underground structures of various assignment by open-cut method. SUBSTANCE: process in compliance with first variant provides for formation of walls in ground along outline of erected structure, construction of floor on planned surface of ground with thrust fixing of it to walls erected in ground, assembly of bearing structure leaning against walls erected in ground and attachment of jointing suspenders to bearing structure. Process includes development of ground under floor in space limited by walls and stories. Height of each story in erected structure is not less than level of erected structure. Corresponding floor is erected after development of ground on each story except last one. Foundation plate is laid after development of ground of last story. Erection of each floor after development of due story is accompanied by build-up of suspenders through height of story and attachment of proper floor to them. After erection of foundation plate capital columns are erected and floors are attached to them. In correspondence with second variant process provides for erection of walls in ground, construction of floor with reinforcing belt on planned surface of ground, attachment of floor with reinforcing belt to walls erected in ground, installation of sections of capital columns on this floor and building of above-lying floor, installation of inclined members and their attachment to laid floors and formation of space bearing structure by inclined members and floors. Thereafter ground is developed under lowest floor in space limited by walls, stories with height of story not less than height of level of erected structure. Jointing suspenders are attached to space bearing structure in first story, these suspenders are attached in each story except last. EFFECT: reduced labor input and usage of materials for erection of multilevel underground structure under conditions of crowded town development with simultaneous acceleration of erection process thanks to development of ground under floors with increased reliability of thrust support. 10 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, and in particular to methods of erecting multi-story underground structures for various purposes in an open way.

There is a known method of erecting underground multi-story buildings, using which pits are excavated under each column with a depth corresponding to the height of the structure, then the reinforcement is lowered into the foundation pit and the columns in the formwork are concreted to the floor level of the next floor, the face is developed and the floor slab is concreted. In this sequence, work is carried out to the last floor, while a sheet pile fence is installed around each floor (see France patent No. 2067521, IPC E 02 D 29/04, 1971).

The disadvantage of this known method is the complexity of the implementation and low productivity when conducting in the face of the work on the development of soil under the erected floor and concreting the next floor, which leads to an increase in terms and cost of construction.9

A known method of building multi-story underground structures, including the construction of the structure of the structure and the installation of pile supports, concreting on the ground surface of the lower floor with the formation of holes in it for the free passage of the supports, subsequent concreting of the second and other upper floors, and the formation of a stack of floors from them, suspension of the stack of floors to the head parts of the supports, excavation by excavation under the bottom floor of the stack in one or more stages , and the subsequent lowering of the stack of floors along the supports to the entire height of the pit or to a height that corresponds to one stage of excavation, and fixing the floors to the supports (see German application No. 2540330, IPC E 02 D 29/04, 1976).

This method is quite industrial and high-performance, however, it is technologically complicated and leads to a rise in the cost of construction, since it requires high precision manufacturing and frame rigidity to absorb the pressure of the surrounding rock mass. The disadvantage of this method also lies in the need to develop special devices that provide reliable suspension of the stack of floors on supports in the upper and intermediate positions during the phased excavation during excavation. In addition, the development of soil under a temporarily suspended stack of floors is an operation with an increased risk of work.

A known method of building a multi-story underground structure with the simultaneous development of the pit, including preparatory work, in which the soil is carried out by enclosing a wall around the perimeter of the underground structure along the entire height of the structure, creating an upper floor at a mark close to the level of the surface of the soil, and the subsequent phased development of the pit, in which at each stage, except for the final, under the overlying floor created using earthmoving and transporting means, trench to a depth below the next lower intermediate floor, which complete erection of this step (see. the European Patent Office application № 0560660, IPC E 02 D 29/04, 1993). This known method provides for sequential top-down execution of interfloor ceilings of large reinforced concrete slabs, each of which is cast at a predetermined level of the location of the corresponding floor in the formwork placed inside the building under construction, and then the manufactured slab is installed by simple horizontal movement along consoles previously made on one against other internal surfaces of the longitudinal parallel parts of the wall enclosing the underground structure.

The above-described known method is convenient for the construction of narrow long underground structures, the inter-wall span of which can be covered with one slab, but it is practically not suitable for the construction of underground structures with a significant width. The manufacture of floor slabs inside a building under construction eliminates the time-consuming operations of transporting the slabs inside the structure, however, it leads to an increase in the construction time due to the fact that it is possible to remove the manufactured slab from the formwork, move it along the consoles and put it back into the erected floor only after the concrete slab reaches the slab necessary strength.

The closest to the invention in its essence and the achieved result is a method of constructing a multi-story underground structure with the simultaneous development of a foundation pit, including preparatory work, in which a wall is enclosed along the perimeter of the underground structure along the entire height of the structure, creating an upper ceiling at a mark close to the mark day surface of the soil, and the subsequent phased development of the pit, in which at each stage, except for the final one, under the created overlying by digging with the help of earthmoving means and vehicles transporting the removed soil, a pit is developed to a depth below the next underlying floor, the construction of which ends this stage, characterized in that during the preparatory work, piles are installed in the places of the design location of the columns of the structure and a pioneer trench with a ramp is developed, deepening said trench below the first floor, with the subsequent creation of the upper floor, an opening is left in it with a ramp, at each stage of excavation, except for the final one, at first, in the areas adjacent to the perimeter wall of the building, the soil is completely undeveloped, and then, after the development of the central part of the foundation pit, this stage is partially removed, lowering the surface of the soil to the design bottom mark the surface of the next underlying floor, and begin with the said zones the construction of the next floor, in which leave an opening over the ramp of the pioneer trench, which, prior to completion of the construction of this floor, is deepened below the next underlying floor, respectively, by extending the ramp, and at the final stage of the development of the pit, the pioneer trench with the ramp is deepened to the mark of the design location of the lower surface of the foundation slab, soil is removed to this mark along the pit area and the foundation is built the slab, after which the ramp is removed, gradually closing up the openings in the foundation slab and in the floor between the vacant places s and top slabs (see. RU 2136818 C1, 10.09.1999, MPK 7 E 02 D 29/055).

The disadvantage of this method is the significant complexity in the excavation due to the presence of a significant number of piles erected at the initial stage of construction, which require large expenditures of funds, hamper the space to be developed, and may also be damaged in the process of excavation under the floor floors.

The objective of the present invention is to reduce labor and material costs in the construction of a multi-story underground structure in close urban areas while speeding up the construction process by simplifying the process of developing the soil under the ceilings that support the spacer, while improving the reliability of the spacer support.

The task according to the first embodiment of the method according to the invention is solved due to the fact that the method of erecting a multi-story underground structure involves performing along the contour of the erected wall structure in the ground, performing on the planned surface of the ground the ceiling with spacer fastening it to the erected walls in the ground, mounting an inventory supporting structure with support it on the walls erected in the ground and fastening to the inventory supporting structure of stackable suspensions with subsequent development of the soil under the ceiling in a space bounded by walls, tiers, with a height of each tier not less than the height of the floor of the structure being erected, and erection after excavation of the soil of each tier, except for the last corresponding floor, and after development of the soil of the last tier - the foundation plate, and during the construction of each floor after development of the soil of the next tier, suspensions are built up to the height of the tier and the corresponding floor is fastened to them, and after the foundation plate is erected, capital columns are erected, connected to them overlap, after which the inventory design is dismantled, and the pendants are either dismantled or at least some of them are used as part of the corresponding capital columns.

Moreover, each overlap can be performed with a construction hoist, the value of which is determined from the ratio

where Si is the construction lift of the i-th floor (m);

S - deflection of the inventory supporting structure from the weight of all floors (m);

n is the total number of floors of the underground structure;

i is the number of overlap, counting from the top;

T - eccentricity of compressive transmission allowed for overlapping. strength (m);

At least one intermediate support can be made between the walls erected in the ground before mounting the inventory supporting structure, and during installation, the supporting load structure can be supported on the walls and the intermediate support erected in the soil.

Inventory support structure can perform through. Each overlap can be performed with at least one opening through which the development of soil under the overlap is carried out, its removal and the implementation of the corresponding underlying overlap.

According to the second option, the problem is solved due to the fact that the method of erecting a multi-story underground structure involves performing along the contour of the erected wall structure in the ground, performing on the planned surface of the soil a ceiling with a reinforcing belt and spacer fastening of the floor with a reinforcing belt to the walls erected in the soil, installation on this overlap sections of the capital columns and the implementation of the overlying overlap, the installation between the floors of the inventory inclined elements with their fastening to the intersection mortgages and the formation of inclined elements and overlappings of the spatial supporting structure, after which they develop the soil under the lower of the ceilings in the space bounded by walls, tiers with a tier with a height not less than the height of the floor of the structure being erected, and in the first of the tiers, the expandable are attached to the spatial supporting structure pendants, in each of the tiers, except the last one, after the development of the soil, they erect the ceiling, make suspensions with fastening of the ceilings to them, and after designing and soil last tier operate foundation slab and increase capital columns, and then inventory the support structure elements dismantle and disassemble or suspension or at least a part of them is used as a part of the respective capital columns.

In this case, the overlap can be performed with a building lift, the value of which is determined from the ratio

where Si is the construction elevation of the i-th floor, starting from the third (m);

S is the total deflection of the spatial supporting structure (m);

n is the total number of floors;

i is the number of the overlap, counting from the upper overlap;

T is the permissible eccentricity of the transmission to overlap the compressive force (m).

Before installing the inclined elements between the walls erected in the ground, at least one intermediate support can be made, and the formed spatial supporting structure can be supported by the walls erected in the soil and the intermediate support.

Each overlap can be performed with at least one opening through which the development of soil under the overlap is carried out, its removal and the implementation of the corresponding underlying overlap.

Overlapping with a reinforcing belt may be pre-stressed.

The technical result provided by both versions of the method of constructing a multi-story underground structure is to reduce labor and material costs for the construction of a multi-story underground structure, especially in conditions of close urban development, increasing the reliability of construction works, simplifying the process of soil development with high reliability of securing the foundation pit for the under construction construction and minimization of deformations of the surrounding rock mass.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 schematically shows a multi-storey underground structure constructed by the method according to the first embodiment, a longitudinal section.

Figure 2 is the same, with an intermediate support;

Figure 3 is the same, according to the second embodiment of the method;

Figure 4 is the same, with an intermediate support.

The method according to the first embodiment is as follows.

On the contour 1 of the constructed multi-story underground structure 2 in the ground 3, walls 4 are made using the "wall in ground" method. On the planned surface 5 of the soil 3, an overlap 6 is made, which has at least one opening 7. The overlap 6 is carried out with its spacer fastening to the walls 3 erected in the soil 4. Then, an inventory supporting structure 8 is mounted with its support on the erected in the soil 3 walls 4. Inventory supporting structure 8 is made, in particular, through, in the form of a system of horizontal 9 and rigidly attached to them inclined 10 elements, forming during the construction of an underground structure 2 a system of diagonal trusses 11, supporting nodes 12 which They are supported on walls 4. Stackable pendants 13 are attached to the supporting structure 8. Then, soil is excavated under the ceiling 6 in a space bounded by walls 4, tiers, with a height of each tier 14, not less than the height of the floor of the construction 2, and erection after excavation each tier 14, except for the last corresponding floor 15, which also has at least one opening 7 through which the soil is developed under the floor, removed and the corresponding underlying floor is made 15. Moreover When each floor 15 is erected, after the development of the soil of the next tier 14, suspensions 13 are built up to the height of the tier 14 and the corresponding floor 15 is fastened to them. After the development of the soil of the last tier 14, the foundation plate 16 is erected, and then the capital columns 17, to which the ceilings 6 are connected, 15. Then, the inventory structure 8 is dismantled, and the suspensions 13 are either dismantled, or at least some of them are used as part of the corresponding capital columns 17.

Each overlap 6, 15 can be performed with a construction hoist, the value of which is determined from the ratio:

where Si is the construction elevation of the i-th floor, starting from the third (m);

S is the total deflection of the spatial supporting structure (m);

n is the total number of floors, i is the number of floors, counting from the top.

According to a second embodiment, the method is as follows. On the contour 1 of the constructed multi-story underground structure 2 in the ground 3, walls 4 are made using the "wall in ground" method. On the planned surface 5 of the soil 3, an overlap 6 is made with a reinforcing belt 7 and a spacer 6 is attached to the walls 4 erected in the soil 3. The overlap 6 with a reinforcing belt 7 can be pre-stressed. The overlap 6 is performed with at least one opening 8. On the ceiling 6, sections of the main columns 9 are installed and an overlying ceiling 10 is made, also having at least one opening 8. Between the ceilings 6 and 10, inventory inclined elements 11 are mounted with fastening them to floors 6 and 10 with mortgages 12 and the formation of elements 11 and floors 6 and 10 of the spatial supporting structure 13. Then, soil is excavated under floor 6 through the opening 8 in the space bounded by walls 4, tiers, with the height of each tier 14 , not less than the height of the floor of the structure under construction 2. In the first of the tiers 14, stackable pendants 15 are attached to the spatial supporting structure 13. In each of the tiers 14, except for the last, after excavation, erecting an overlap of 16 s with at least one opening 8, produce building suspensions and attaching floors 16 to them, and after developing the soil of the last tier 14, a foundation plate 17 is erected and capital columns 9 are built from below, which are supported on the foundation plate and connected to the columns 9 of the ceiling 6, 16. Then inventory elements 11 dismantled bearing structure 13 and the suspension 15 or dismantled or at least a part of them is used as a part of the respective capital columns 9. Each overlap 6, 16 may perform with the building rise, the value of which is determined by the relation

where Si is the construction elevation of the ith floor, starting from the third (m);

S is the total deflection of the spatial supporting structure (m);

n is the total number of floors;

i is the number of the next overlap, counting from the top;

T is the permissible eccentricity of the transmission to overlap the compressive force (m).

If it is necessary to build an underground structure with a large span in both versions, at least one intermediate support 18 can be used, which serves to temporarily support the supporting inventory structure 8 or the spatial supporting structure 13 in order to reduce the forces in them. Supports 18 can be arranged in a pit or made in drilled wells. In the erected structure, the ceilings that receive the horizontal load from the walls are suspended with the transfer of their weight to the walls erected in the ground and (if necessary) temporary supports. At the same time, there are no supporting posts in the soil below the floor, which greatly facilitates the development of soil under the floors in a mechanized way and makes this work safer. Supporting structures supporting inventory floors can be reused, they are located above the excavation zone and are not at risk of accidental destruction by powerful earthmoving equipment.

Claims (10)

1. The method of erecting a multi-story underground structure, characterized in that it provides for the execution along the contour of the erected structure of the walls in the soil, the execution on the planned surface of the soil of the ceiling with spacer fastening it to the erected walls in the soil, the installation of an inventory supporting structure with its support on the erected in the soil walls and fastening to the inventory supporting structure of stackable suspensions with the subsequent development of soil under the ceiling in a space bounded by walls, tiers, with a height each tier, not less than the height of the floor of the structure to be erected, and the erection after excavation of the soil of each tier, except the last corresponding floor, and after the development of the soil of the last tier - the foundation slab, and when erecting each floor after the development of the soil of the next tier, suspensions are increased to the height of the tier and fastening the corresponding floor to them, and after the foundation plate is erected, capital columns are erected, floors are connected to them, after which the inventory design th dismantled, and the suspension or dismantling, or at least some of them are used in the formulation of appropriate capital columns. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that each overlap is performed with a building hoist, the value of which is determined from the ratio

S _i - construction lift i-th floor, m; S - deflection of the inventory supporting structure from the weight of all floors, m; n is the total number of floors of the underground structure; i is the number of overlap, counting from the top; T - eccentricity of compressive force transmission allowed for overlapping, m. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that at least one intermediate support is carried out between the walls erected in the ground before installation of the inventory supporting structure, and when the inventory supporting structure is mounted, they are supported on the walls and intermediate erected in the soil support. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the inventory supporting structure is end-to-end. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that each overlap is performed with at least one opening through which the development of soil under the overlap is carried out, its removal and the implementation of the corresponding underlying overlap. 6. A method of erecting a multi-story underground structure, characterized in that it provides for the execution along the contour of the erected wall structure in the soil, the execution on the planned surface of the soil of the floor with a reinforcing belt and the spacer fastening of the floor with a reinforcing belt to the walls erected in the soil, installing sections on this floor capital columns and the implementation of the overlying floor, the installation between the floors of inventory inclined elements with their fastening to the floors with mortgages and formed we use inclined elements and ceilings of the spatial supporting structure, after which soil is excavated under the lower of the ceilings in the space bounded by walls, tiers with a tier not less than the height of the floor of the structure being erected, and in the first of the tiers, expandable suspensions are attached to the spatial supporting structure, in each of the tiers, except the last one, after the development of the soil, erect the ceiling, build up suspensions with fastening the ceilings to them, and after the development of the soil of the last tier Follow the important foundation slab and increase capital columns, and then inventory items bearing structure is dismantled, and the suspension or dismantled, or at least part of them, used in the composition of the relevant capital columns. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the overlap is performed with a building hoist, the value of which is determined from the ratio

S _i - construction lift of the i-th floor, starting from the third, m; S is the total deflection of the spatial supporting structure, m; n is the total number of floors; i is the number of overlap, counting from the top floor; T - permissible eccentricity of the transmission to overlap the compressive force, m 8. The method according to any of paragraphs.6 and 7, characterized in that before installing the inclined elements between the walls erected in the ground, at least one intermediate support is made, and the formed spatial supporting structure is supported on the walls erected in the soil and the intermediate support. 9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that each overlap is performed with at least one opening through which the development of soil under the overlap is carried out, its removal and the implementation of the corresponding underlying overlap. 10. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the overlap with a reinforcing belt is performed with prestressing.

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