RU2600579C2 - Method for combined development of gently pitching coal beds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and can be used in development of coal bed, including with non-standard conditions of coal beds, as well as at final stage of open mining and already used mine fields. Method of combined development includes following stages. Stage of development of coal beds with capacity of up to 5 m, on which open mining operations manufacturing involves preparation of coal bed and platform. On aligned platform, installing a system for open underground development, using said system for open and underground mining in an ascending path performing coal extraction with extraction chambers with width of 4 m and height of 4.5 m, length of up to 300 m, wherein inclination angle of chambers corresponds to seam dip angle and can vary in a range from 0 to 25° to horizontal line. Between extraction chambers on horizontal component a barrier pillar is left with width of 5 m. And a stage of development of coal beds with capacity of more than 5 m or formations above 5-metre mark from base of platform, on which over said extraction chambers are drilled wells with diameter of 200-250 mm, length of up to 300 m.

EFFECT: invention increases completeness of coal production.

1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to mining and can be used in the development of mineral seams, mainly in the development of coal deposits, including non-standard conditions of occurrence of coal seams, as well as those at the final stage of open development and already worked out quarry fields.

A known method of downhole hydraulic production of solid minerals, including opening a producing formation by a well, equipping the well with a casing pipe, installing a suspension string therein, consisting of a slurry pipe, inside which there are water and air pipes, supplying water and compressed air to the well and raising the hydraulic mixture to the surface on a suspended pipe string (Arens V.Zh., Bryukhovetsky OS, Khcheyan G.Kh. Borehole coal coal mining. Textbook. M .: MGRA, 1995, p. 85).

The disadvantages of this method and device for its implementation are the high complexity and cumbersome design of the suspension column, consisting of three elements - water supply, air supply and pulp lifting pipes, as well as low throughput of the well up to 60%, which affects the decrease in the productivity of hydraulic mining of solid minerals in general.

Also known is a method of downhole hydraulic mining and a device for its implementation by opening the reservoir by a production well, installing a casing string in it, lowering coaxial suspended pipe strings with a water nozzle and a suction tip into it, supplying water and compressed air to the well, and eroding the hydraulic mining the chamber in the interval of the reservoir and the intake of the resulting slurry through the suction tip, in which the nozzle is placed inside (see RF patent No. 2181434, IPC E21C 45/00 of 03/18/1999 )

The disadvantages of this method and device is the restriction on the size of the solid fraction in the hydraulic mixture (from 1 to 10 mm), which, with a high degree of flakiness of the formed pieces of minerals, can lead to their jam in the working space limited by the casing pipe and the suspension pipe with a suction tip, and, as a result, stopping the movement of the pulp or reducing productivity. In addition, the use of this device requires the installation of casing and string pipes, which significantly increases the cost of technology.

A known method of downhole hydraulic mining and a device for its implementation by driving the well to the reservoir, casing the wellbore, destroying the reservoir at the place of its occurrence and pumping the hydraulic mixture to the surface using a production projectile and auxiliary equipment with subsequent movement of production equipment along the profile, for drilling the next well.

A device for implementing this method includes a base in the form of a movable sled platform, two masts, one of which is equipped for drilling and casing, and the second for mining and casing extraction, a mining projectile, a pulp-lifting column of a mining apparatus, consisting of a smaller movable pipe diameter, mounted on a column of water supply and air supply pipes, and a fixed column - casing pipe (see RF patent No. 2158829, IPC Е21С 45/00, ЕВВ 43/29 dated 02.08.1999).

The disadvantages of this method and device are the lack of parameters for the implementation of the technological process, the complexity, interdependence and cumbersomeness of the elements of the entire structure, based on the sleigh platform, which significantly increases the cost and reduces the productivity of mining, in addition, this technology does not allow drilling of shallow layers of minerals minerals, as well as to conduct mining of minerals over the entire capacity of the reservoir in the process of drilling a well.

Closest to the claimed invention is a method of developing minerals from the sides of quarries, trenches or other workings by open-pit mining and excavation of minerals by excavating chambers with the safety pillars between them and the subsequent laying of chambers, implemented using an open-underground mining complex (see patent RF №2247241, IPC Е21С 41/00 dated 06/20/2003).

The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide the possibility of developing shallow seams in a quarry to a height of more than 4.5 meters, which limits the application of this method for open pit mining and the transition from open and open-pit mining to underground mining. This leads to significant economic costs, as well as loss of minerals, which in general significantly reduces the economic efficiency of the development of the field.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the completeness of coal mining during the development of a shallow seam with a thickness of more than 5 m or seams located above a 5-meter mark from the base of the site, as well as improving energy efficiency and safety when conducting mining operations by using an open method in combination with combining an open-cast mine complex underground mining and a hydrodynamic drilling device for conducting advanced mining of coal and refinement of coal seams to license boundaries without mining roof rocks.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved due to the fact that the method for the combined development of shallow-lying coal seams involves the following steps: the stage of developing coal seams to a height of 5 m, where open-pit mining prepares the coal seam and site; an open-underground mining complex is installed on a flat site; open-pit mining, along an ascending path, coal is mined by extraction chambers 4 m wide and 4.5 m high, up to 300 m long. Moreover, the camera tilt angle corresponds to the incidence angle of the formation and can vary from 0 to 25 ° to the horizontal; 5 m wide barrier pillar is left between the extraction chambers; the stage of developing coal seams to a height of more than 5 m, at which boreholes with a diameter of 200-250 mm and a length of up to 300 m are drilled above the extraction chambers. Moreover, the distance from the axis of the wells to the roof surface of the extraction chambers is from 0.5 to 2 m; for the entire length of the borehole, a hydrodynamic drilling tool is introduced, made in the form of a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve; for drilling coal along the high pressure sleeve, water is supplied to the rotor head; using a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve, the return movement of the hydrodynamic drilling tool to the mouth of the borehole is started; coal accumulated at the base of the extraction chamber is released to the surface using an open-pit mining complex. Moreover, with the ratio of coal and liquid phase equal to 1: 3 or higher, the extraction of coal from the extraction chamber is carried out by the device for the hydraulic discharge of coal installed in the mouth part of the extraction chamber.

This is achieved by carrying out the following stages: the stage of developing coal seams to a height of 5 m and the stage of developing coal seams to a height of more than 5 m.

At the stage of developing coal seams up to 5 m in height, opencast mining is preparing the coal seam and site. Then, an open-underground mining complex is installed on the leveled site, with which coal is excavated from the bottom of the seam along an upward trajectory with 4 m wide and 4.5 m high, 300 m long chambers. In this case, the camera tilt angle corresponds to the angle of incidence of the formation and can vary in the range from 0 to 25 ° to the horizontal. A 5-meter-wide barrier pillar is left between the extraction chambers, which performs barrier and safety functions.

At the next stage, including the development of coal seams to a height of more than 5 m, wells with a diameter of 200-250 mm and a length of up to 300 m are drilled above the extraction chambers. The distance from the axis of the wells to the roof surface of the extraction chambers is from 0.5 to 2 m. Then for the entire length of the borehole, a hydrodynamic drilling tool is introduced, made in the form of a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve. When water is supplied to the rotor head along the high pressure sleeve, coal is drilled due to the formation of water jets with a rotation frequency of more than 1000 rpm.

Using a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve, the return movement of the hydrodynamic drilling tool to the mouth of the borehole is started. Drilled coal accumulated at the base of the extraction chamber is discharged to the surface using an open-pit mining complex. Moreover, with the ratio of coal and liquid phase equal to 1: 3 or higher, the extraction of coal from the extraction chamber is carried out by the device for the hydraulic discharge of coal installed in the mouth part of the extraction chamber.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a technology for the development of shallow-lying coal seams using an open-underground mining complex; in FIG. 2 is a diagram of a technology for drilling coal using a hydrodynamic drilling device, remote element A; in Fig.3 is a diagram of the extraction of coal using a complex of open-underground mining; in FIG. 4 is a diagram of the location of the extraction chambers and wells for drilling and excavating coal, section BB.

The technology for the development of shallow-seated coal seams contains a coal seam 1, a mining chamber 2, an open-underground mining complex 3, an open pit 4, a platform 5, a rear sight 6, a boundary of the mining chamber 7, mined coal 8, a drilling hydrodynamic machine 9, an electric drive 10, a telescopic a rod with a high pressure sleeve 11, a hydrodynamic drilling tool 12, a rotary drill head 13, a borehole 14, a hydrodynamic drilling chamber 15, drilled coal 16, a coal hydrotransfer device 17.

The method of combined technology for the development of shallow coal seams is as follows. At the stage of developing coal seams, a coal seam 1 and platform 5 are prepared to a height of 5 m. Then, an open-underground mining complex 3 is installed on the leveled platform 5. Coal is mined from the base of the seam along an ascending path using excavation chambers 2 wide ( c) 4 m and height (b) 4.5, length (a) up to 300 m. Moreover, the inclination angle of the extraction chambers 2 corresponds to the incidence angle (α) of the coal seam 1 and can vary in the range from 0 to 25 ° to the horizontal. Between the extraction chambers 2, a barrier pillar 6 is left with a width (d) of 5 m, which performs a barrier and safety function.

At the second stage, including the development of coal seams 1 to a height of more than 5 m, above the extraction chambers 2, wells 14 are drilled with a diameter of 200-250 mm and a length of up to 300 m. The distance (f) from the axis of the boreholes 14 to the roof surface of the extraction chambers 2 is from 0.5 to 2 m.

Then, for the entire length of the borehole 14, a hydrodynamic drilling tool 12 is introduced, made in the form of a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve 11, mounted on a hydrodynamic drilling machine 9. When water is supplied to the rotary drill head 13, coal is drilled through a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve 11 due to the formation of water jets with a rotation frequency of more than 1000 rpm

Using a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve 11, the return movement of the hydrodynamic drilling tool 12 to the mouth of the borehole is started. As a result of drilling coal using a hydrodynamic drilling machine 9, equipped with an electric drive 10, hydrodynamic drilling chambers 15 are formed with a size (t) of up to 4 m, paired with the roof of the extraction chambers 2.

Drilled coal 16, accumulated in the base of the extraction chamber 2, is discharged onto the surface using an open-underground mining complex 3. Moreover, when the ratio of coal and liquid phase is 1: 3 or higher, the drilling of the drilled coal 16 from the extraction chamber 2 is carried out by a hydraulic discharge device coal 17 installed in the mouth part of the extraction chamber 2.

After coal extraction, the open-underground mining complex 3 or the coal hydrotransfer device 17 carries out the next cycle of the second stage. The distance from the axis of the boreholes 14 to the roof surface of the hydrodynamic drilling chambers 15 also ranges from 0.5 to 2 m.

The development height of shallow-lying coal seams using a drilling hydrodynamic device 12 depends on geological conditions and physico-mechanical characteristics of the coal seams 1.

Thus, the above method for the combined development of shallow-lying coal seams allows solving the problem of developing a shallow-lying coal seam with a thickness of more than 5 m or seams located above the 5 meter mark from the base of the site by combining technologies - an open-underground mining complex and a hydrodynamic drilling machine. In addition, the method allows to significantly increase the efficiency of coal mining, reduce the economic costs of work and field remediation, as well as increase the safety of life and environmental protection.

Claims (1)

A method for the combined development of shallow-lying coal seams, characterized in that it includes the following steps: a stage of developing coal seams with a thickness of up to 5 m, in which open-pit mining prepares a coal seam and site; an open-underground mining complex is installed on a flat site; open-pit mining, along an ascending path, coal is mined by extraction chambers 4 m wide and 4.5 m high, up to 300 m long, and the angle of inclination of the chambers corresponds to the angle of incidence of the seam and can vary in the range from 0 to 25 ° to the horizontal; between the extraction chambers on the horizontal component leave a barrier pillar 5 m wide; the stage of development of coal seams with a thickness of more than 5 m or seams located above the 5-meter mark from the base of the platform, where wells with a diameter of 200-250 mm and a length of up to 300 m are drilled above the extraction chambers, and the distance of the axis of the wells to the roof surface of the extraction chambers is from 0.5 to 2 m; for the entire length of the borehole, a hydrodynamic drilling tool is introduced, made in the form of a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve; for drilling coal along the high pressure sleeve, water is supplied to the rotor head; using a telescopic rod with a high pressure sleeve, the return movement of the hydrodynamic drilling tool to the mouth of the borehole is started; the coal accumulated in the base of the extraction chamber is discharged onto the day surface using an open-underground mining complex, and when the ratio of coal and liquid phase is 1: 3 or higher, coal is extracted from the extraction chamber by a coal hydrotransfer device installed in the mouth section of the extraction cameras.

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