RU2600426C1 - Ground module (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to construction and can be used in construction of main pipelines in swamps, in the area of distribution of permanently frozen soils, at fast construction of roads, aerodromes and other objects of engineering infrastructure. Ground module comprises at least five X-located cells made of flexible elements and equipped with protective walls and an inserted bottom, which is connected to cells facets or ribs. Cells are filled with fill ground. Invention allows extending the range of technical facilities, increasing carrying capacity of bases of main pipelines, roads, and other structures, and also increases lifetime, reduces costs and time for maintenance of abuilding industrial sites.

EFFECT: method enables to avoid using imported mineral ground owing to using local ground.

13 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction and can be used in the construction of trunk pipelines in the swamps, in the permafrost distribution zone, with the rapid construction of roads, airfields, engineering infrastructure of the military-industrial complex and the Ministry of Emergencies, sports grounds, strengthening the coastal strip and various slopes, in particular during the construction of coatings soil sites.

A device for the rapid construction of reinforced pavements is known, which is a web of fabric waterproof material connected to a soil base by means of flexible anchors located uniformly over the surface of the coating (see SU 1337457).

It is also known to enhance the coverage of aerodromes in the form of a stretched metal network of a rectangular shape, laid on a dirt pad and fixed in the ground by means of stretch marks that are evenly spaced around the perimeter of the grid (see US 2405565).

The disadvantage of these solutions is that they do not provide sufficient bearing capacity of the coating located on a weak soil base, especially during the mud season.

This is because the coating in the form of a fabric web or network is a thin membrane, the material of which is actively included in the work under load directed normal to the coating, with relatively large local deformations. However, when the vehicle is subjected to dynamic action, contact pressures develop exceeding the tensile strength of the soil, which leads to its sliding along the membrane, in the case of reinforcing the soil with a membrane, tearing, ejection of clods of soil and the formation of ruts and potholes in the road.

The prior art known coating containing layers reinforced with geogrid soil, flexible separation layers of geotextiles between them and the upper bearing layer of stone materials. Geogrids are made of smooth plates of light metals, waterproof paper, rubber, polymer materials, interconnected by welding or gluing in such a way that they form a cellular structure when stretched.

Lattices are installed close to each other along the width of the road and are filled with soil. The soil is compacted. Geotextile overlays are laid on top. Then, in the same way, the next layer of reinforced soil is formed (US 4797026).

A disadvantage of the known coating is its relatively low bearing capacity, which is associated with bulging soil from the cells of the lattice at contact pressures exceeding the tensile strength of the soil. This is due to insufficient adhesion of the soil to the walls of the geogrid. As a result of this, at high contact loads, the joint work of the geogrid with the aggregate material is disrupted.

In addition, with this scheme of reinforcing the soil layer, the geogrid cells are open (open) from the bottom and top, and the geogrid material does not have the necessary elasticity due to brittleness, it is easily deformed (up to failure) and does not provide cell shape restoration after unloading.

A known method of reinforcing weak soils of foundations and slopes and a geogrid for its implementation (see RU 2228479 C1, 05/10/2004). The known device comprises a set of flexible tapes fastened perpendicular to their long sides and staggered seams with the possibility of forming a cellular structure filled with bulk soil. However, the known cellular device is designed primarily for the perception of shear static loads on slopes or the impact of wheeled vehicles on the coating.

From the prior art, a base is known in which the elastic layer is made in the form of at least a one-tier set of soil modules, each of which contains a cellular structure made of geotextile material, the cells of which are filled with bulk material, the edges of the edge faces of the cellular structures of adjacent soil modules in pairs placed opposite each other and linked together (see RU 2338834 C2, 11/20/2008). The specified technical solution is the closest to the claimed invention. However, the known solution is difficult to use in swamps, on flooded areas in floodplains, since soil leakage from the cells of soil modules is inevitable. In addition, cavities that are not filled with soil are formed in the corners of the junction of the modules, into which the soil also leaks from the indicated cells. In addition, the well-known designs of soil modules and geomodules have significant drawbacks regarding the protection of their walls from destruction when exposed to solar radiation. For example, the effect of solar radiation for 600 hours on the walls of soil modules made of polyester fabrics reduces their strength by 60%, and the strength of non-woven synthetic fabrics decreases even more.

The problem solved by the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means that eliminate these disadvantages. So, when implementing the claimed invention, soil leaks from the cells of the soil module are eliminated, including in flooded and swampy areas, and the necessary protection of the walls of the soil module is provided, including from solar radiation.

This problem is solved in that the soil module, consisting of at least five made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil located X-shaped cells, is equipped with protective walls made of flexible elements and a sewing bottom, while the protective walls are bonded to the edges or edges of the cells, the sewn bottom is fastened to the lower parts of the cell faces, and its edges are fixed to the protective walls.

This problem is solved by the option of a soil module, consisting of at least five made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil located X-shaped cells, which is equipped with protective walls made of flexible elements, bonded to the edges or edges of the cells.

This problem is also solved by special cases of the implementation of the soil module, in which panels of textile material are used as flexible elements. The soil module is equipped with eyes. On each protective wall of the soil module, flexible tapes are fixed, the free edges of which are fastened to the curved edges of the sewing bottom. Moreover, the number of cells of the soil module is preferably equal to five, and these cells in the plan are made square or hexagonal. In addition, an additional flexible element of a light-resistant material, for example, awning, is fixed outside the protective wall of the soil module.

Protective walls and a sewing bottom prevent soil leakage from the cells of the soil module, which is especially important when building on waterlogged and swampy areas, during the construction of multi-tier bases.

The use of panels of textile material for the manufacture of soil modules provides a cellular structure with a cell height of up to one and a half meters. Provides a more uniform distribution of the load on the underlying soil or tier, creating a durable, stable artificial foundation in low places of relief, for example, for a trunk pipeline made of non-flexible thick-walled pipes that cannot copy the relief of the surface of the soil. The connection of the soil modules with each other through the eyes provides a continuous elastic layer, eliminates its additional fastening with anchors, increases the stability of the base under construction and reduces its precipitation, which is especially important when building on soft soils. An additional flexible element made of light-resistant material, for example, tent, is designed to protect the walls of the soil module from destruction when exposed to solar radiation.

The claimed group of inventions due to these distinguishing features allows to increase the bearing capacity of bases for various purposes in various climatic conditions, built on soils with different physical and mechanical properties, including the repeated application of a local, impact mobile load, and also allows to increase the operating life and reduce costs and time for construction, maintenance and maintenance of the grounds.

The invention is illustrated by graphic material, where in FIG. 1 is a variant of the soil module with square cells in plan, top view;

in FIG. 2 - the same, but with hexagonal cells in plan;

in FIG. 3 shows a soil module with a sewn bottom, side view;

in FIG. 4 - connection of adjacent soil modules of one tier.

In order to more fully disclose the essence of the claimed group of inventions, the applicant additionally attaches images of scanned photographs on which:

FIG. 5 - soil module mounted on the mounting device;

FIG. 6 - soil module with five cells filled with bulk soil;

FIG. 7 - by means of the mounting device, the high-altitude and spatial fixation of the cellular structure of the large-sized soil module in its mounting position during the construction of the second tier of the base is performed;

FIG. 8 - soil module with five cells filled with bulk soil during the construction of the second tier of the base.

The soil module 1 consists of at least five X-shaped cells 3 made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil 3 with a central cell 4 and equipped with protective walls 5 made of flexible elements, bonded to faces 6 or ribs 7 of cells 3 (see Fig. . one). Outside the protective wall / walls 5 of the soil module 1, an additional flexible element 8 of a light-resistant material, for example, awning, is fixed.

An embodiment of the invention is a soil module 9, consisting of at least five X-shaped cells made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil, equipped with protective walls 5 made of flexible elements and a sewing bottom 10. The protective walls 5 are bonded with faces 6 or ribs 7 cells 3. The sewn bottom 10 is bonded to the lower parts of the cell faces, and its edges are fixed to the protective walls 5.

Outside the protective wall / walls 5 of the soil module, an additional flexible element 8 of a light-resistant material, for example, tent, is fixed (see Fig. 2). The construction of a single-tier base 11 is carried out by a serial connection of soil modules 1 or 9 (see Fig. 3). The location of the cells of the soil module X-shaped ensures uniform physical and mechanical properties of the soil base reinforced by flexible elements of the soil module in its longitudinal and transverse directions.

The implementation of the cells of the soil module in terms of hexagonal (see Fig. 2) also positively affects the uniformity of the physico-mechanical properties of the soil base in its longitudinal and transverse directions, providing the necessary bearing capacity of the soil base.

On the surface of the earth 12 (see Fig. 1) in the design position, a mounting device is installed (see Fig. 4), the elements of which fix the edges of the soil module through the eyes. The soil module cells thus fixed are filled with bulk material, for example, local soil. In the case of using soil modules with large-sized cells, the height of which is significant (up to 1.5 m), and the cell width is not less than its height, due to the hydrostatic lateral pressure of the bulk material, the faces and supporting edges of the soil module are deformed, with the formation of a significant supporting surface, which improves the stability of the soil module (see Fig. 4, 5). Filling the cells of the soil module, depending on its height and type of soil, can be accompanied by compaction of bulk material of various types with vibrators and passages of heavy construction vehicles. The mounting device is rearranged, the newly laid soil module is fixed with the faces of the cells on the device and the cells are filled with bulk material. It is possible to work using several mounting devices that are installed next to a previously created soil module, while the edges of the cells of the soil module can be pre-fixed on the installation device before it is installed in the design position. The extension of the elastic layer of the base under construction can be carried out in the transverse, longitudinal and transverse-longitudinal directions. Extension of the elastic layer of the base 11 (see Fig. 3) is carried out by a serial connection of soil modules by placing adjacent soil modules next to the created one, while the edges of the end faces of adjacent soil modules are placed in pairs opposite each other and tie them, for example, with ribbons, bundles (not shown). In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 shows an elastic base layer made of two tiers of soil modules. Depending on the relief of the earth’s soil surface, on the earth’s surface with a width exceeding the width of the elastic layer, flexible sheets of geotextile material with predetermined filtering properties, for example, synthetic non-woven (NSM), are overlapped. Tiles laid in this way form the underlying layer for the constructed soil base reinforced with flexible elements of the soil modules. The degree of roughness, size and location of the soil module cells are set based on the conditions for ensuring reliable adhesion of the cells to the material filling them, as well as ensuring uniform soil reinforcement within each soil module. The restoration of the shape of the cells of this design after the load is removed is due to the geometry of its structure and the elastic properties of the material. The height of the volumetric cellular structure is selected from the condition of ensuring the necessary thickness of the base, high-quality compaction of bulk material in the cells of the soil module and the optimal ratio of its strength properties and weight.

The claimed group of inventions provides the possibility of year-round construction of infrastructure facilities in swamps and other soft soils, including permafrost soils in the Far North and Siberia. In addition, the invention provides an increase in the bearing capacity of the base, a decrease in settlement of the base, capable of absorbing significant loads from heavy construction machines, loads from the main pipelines of large diameter, from industrial facilities being built on the declared base.

The operation of the experimental sections of the bases, the elastic layer of which contains large-sized cellular structures, has shown their effectiveness, which is due to the high strength of the material of large-sized cellular structures and their sizes, significant in comparison with other known volumetric geogrids.

Claims (13)

1. Soil module, consisting of at least five X-shaped cells made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil, which is equipped with protective walls made of flexible elements and a sewing bottom, while the protective walls are fastened with the edges or edges of the cells, the sewing bottom is fastened with the lower parts of the cell faces, and its edges are fixed on the protective walls. 2. The soil module according to claim 1, in which panels of textile material are used as flexible elements. 3. The soil module according to claim 1, which is equipped with eyes. 4. The soil module according to claim 1, in which flexible tapes are fixed on each protective wall, the free edges of which are fastened to the curved edges of the sewing bottom. 5. The soil module of claim 1, wherein the number of cells is preferably five. 6. The soil module according to claim 1, in which an additional flexible element of a light-resistant material, for example, awning, is fixed outside the protective wall. 7. The soil module according to claim 1, wherein said cells in the plan are square or hexagonal. 8. Soil module, consisting of at least five X-shaped cells made of flexible elements and filled with bulk soil, which is equipped with protective walls made of flexible elements, bonded to the edges or edges of the cells. 9. The soil module according to claim 8, in which panels of textile material are used as flexible elements. 10. The soil module according to claim 8, which is equipped with eyes. 11. The soil module of claim 8, wherein the number of cells is preferably five. 12. The soil module according to claim 8, in which an additional flexible element of a light-resistant material, for example, awning, is fixed outside the protective wall. 13. The soil module according to claim 8, wherein said cells are square or hexagonal in plan.

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